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Assessment of Agricultural Workers' Exposure Due to Crop Harvesting Operations Within the Areas Affected by Radioactive Contamination. 受放射性污染影响地区内农作物收获作业对农业工人的照射评估。
Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia Pub Date : 2016-07-01
A G Podolyak, S A Tagai, E K Nilova, V S Averin
{"title":"Assessment of Agricultural Workers' Exposure Due to Crop Harvesting Operations Within the Areas Affected by Radioactive Contamination.","authors":"A G Podolyak,&nbsp;S A Tagai,&nbsp;E K Nilova,&nbsp;V S Averin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implementation of field experiments took place in two sites located in the Bragin district of the Gomel region, Belarus, i.e. a field in the evacuation zone and a private plot of land in a residential area of thedistrict. The objective of the research was to study the levels of radioactive contamination of air due to the dust raised up during crop harvesting operations. Comparative dose assessment was done to assess external exposure and committed effective doses of internal exposure due to inhalation of (241)Am, (238,239+240)Pu, (137)Cs and (90)Sr by agricultural workers involved in dust-generating harvesting operations. According to the results, the dominant contributors (93-97%) to internal exposure of agricultural workers both on a private plot of land and in the area of evacuation, were the transuranic elements (241)Am and (238,239,240)Pu. In the context of the total doses received by the harvest-workers, the dominant contribution belonged to external exposure which was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the levels of internal exposure due to inhalation of radionuclides.</p>","PeriodicalId":79368,"journal":{"name":"Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia","volume":"56 4","pages":"433-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36916229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Chernobyl Awareness]. (切尔诺贝利意识)。
Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia Pub Date : 2016-05-01
D M Grodzinsky
{"title":"[Chernobyl Awareness].","authors":"D M Grodzinsky","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The essay contains the author's memories of the events related to the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and the thoughts about the short and long-term consequences of this disaster for society, human and biota. Awareness of the Chernobyl disaster as a multifaceted great incident which is significant for the whole world came slowly through a series of mistakes and errors. Currently it is essential to give a deeper insight into the lessons of Chernobyl for the sake of the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":79368,"journal":{"name":"Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia","volume":"56 3","pages":"351-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36896307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Does Radioecological Paradox Exist?]. [放射生态学悖论存在吗?]
Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia Pub Date : 2016-05-01
I N Gudkov
{"title":"[Does Radioecological Paradox Exist?].","authors":"I N Gudkov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In some cases radioresistant species of plants in radionuclide-contaminated areas have more strong radiation damages than radiosensitive ones. This effect was called \"the radioecological paradox\". It could be explained by different abilities to accumulate main dose forming radionuclides. It leads to formation of higher doses due to internal irradiation. In the case of the Chernobyl N PP accident it can be conditioned by species specific particularities in consumption of potassium and calcium, and cesium and strontium, correspondingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":79368,"journal":{"name":"Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia","volume":"56 3","pages":"358-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36896308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Some Aspects of Medical Activities to Overcome Consequences of Chernobyl Accident]. [克服切尔诺贝利事故后果的医疗活动的某些方面]。
Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia Pub Date : 2016-05-01
V P Kharchenko, G P Snigiryova, V K Zotov, T A Kulikova
{"title":"[Some Aspects of Medical Activities to Overcome Consequences of Chernobyl Accident].","authors":"V P Kharchenko,&nbsp;G P Snigiryova,&nbsp;V K Zotov,&nbsp;T A Kulikova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The results of the long term work of the Russian Scientific Centre of Roentgenology and Radiology on me- dical investigation of the participants in the liquidation of the consequences of Chernobyl power plant acci- dent have been summarized. It has been stated that circulatory system and tumor diseases occupy the leading position in the disease rate among the affected liquidators. The important role of cytogenetic investigation was pointed out. It allows us not only to determine the efficient impact on the human body but also to evaluate the effective dose of radiation, the information about which allows us to predict the development of distant post-irradiation pathology. The results of cytogenetic investigations testify to the interrelation between the level of chromosomal abnormalities and cardiovascular diseases and confirm the clinical data on the non- neoplastic.pathology among the liquidators of the accident.</p>","PeriodicalId":79368,"journal":{"name":"Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia","volume":"56 3","pages":"293-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36841329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[For the Third Time in Chernobyl]. [在切尔诺贝利的第三次]。
Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia Pub Date : 2016-05-01
Zhores A Medvedev
{"title":"[For the Third Time in Chernobyl].","authors":"Zhores A Medvedev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noted Russian publicist, science historian and specialist in radioecology Zhores Aleksandrovich Medvedev shares its recollections on the residence in the zone of the Chernobyl accident, tells about the projects of co- vers over the destroyed reactor and discusses the prospects of atomic energy in Russia.</p>","PeriodicalId":79368,"journal":{"name":"Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia","volume":"56 3","pages":"244-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36841325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Review of Experience and Prospects of the Use .of Some Countermeasures Aimed at Decontamination of Various Ecosystem Types after the Chernobyl Fallout]. [切尔诺贝利核事故后不同生态系统类型去污对策的经验回顾与应用展望]。
Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia Pub Date : 2016-05-01
Yu A Kutlakhmedov
{"title":"[Review of Experience and Prospects of the Use .of Some Countermeasures Aimed at Decontamination of Various Ecosystem Types after the Chernobyl Fallout].","authors":"Yu A Kutlakhmedov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review of our own and literature data on ecosystems decontamination problems after the Chernobyl ac- cident is presented. It has been shown that protective measures are effective in places with the highest radio- capacity of ecosystems, especially those which may enhance the value of factors of ecosystefi radiocapacity. The analysis of a number of possible effects of impact of pollutants on the biosphere and the consequences of the implementation of protective measures (countermeasures) is given. The system of rehabilitation of con- taminated territories and, above all, soils, is proposed. The history of accidents at nuclear plants knows many planned and implemented countermeasures (CM), which can be used with different efficiency to eliminate the consequences of accidents. A variety of CM was implemented during the Chernobyl accident and elimination of its consequences. The main objectives that underlie the choice of CM is desactivation of ecosystems, reduction of individual doses for workers and residents, reducing the collective doses to the population defined by their special reduction factor. The effect of the CM on the condition of ecosystems has virtually never been evaluated. A number of the implemented countermeasures, the mechanical removal of the top lay- er of soil contaminated with radionuclides (bulldozers, scrapers, graders) led to the complete destruction of ecosystems, which are then required to be consolidated, in particular, by creating forests. It seems important and necessary to carry out the analysis and classification of the main CM based on the theory and radioca- pacity.models in order to assess how the parameters affect the countermeasures of ecosystem radiocapacity and to identify optimal solutions for their application.</p>","PeriodicalId":79368,"journal":{"name":"Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia","volume":"56 3","pages":"300-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36841330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Before and after Chernobyl Accident (Memoirs, Researches Hypotheses)]. [切尔诺贝利事故前后(回忆录，研究假设)]。
Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia Pub Date : 2016-05-01
I E Vorobtsova
{"title":"[Before and after Chernobyl Accident (Memoirs, Researches Hypotheses)].","authors":"I E Vorobtsova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the first part of the article the results of studies performed in the 1970-1980s on the progeny of irradiated animals (drosophila, mouse, rat) are presented. It was found that except severe disorders in this progeny named non target genetic radiation effects were observed (genome instability, increased cancer risk, impaired fitness) which were similar to the late somatic radiation effects. The hypothesis on the likeness of pathogenic nature of somatic and genetic effects of ionizing radiation was proposed. Comparison of effects of parental irradiation in humans and animals gave reason to propose that the frequency of severe disorders observed in the progeny (stillbirth, birth defects etc.) depends on the reproductive potential of a species. In the second part of the article the reminiscences on the author's work in Chernobyl in 1987 are presented. The last part is devoted to description of the main results, obtained in the post Chernobyl period in the frames of various national and international projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":79368,"journal":{"name":"Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia","volume":"56 3","pages":"231-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36841323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Radiological Aspects of Transition of Russian Areas Affected by the Chernobyl Accident to Normal Activities]. [俄罗斯受切尔诺贝利事故影响地区向正常活动过渡的放射学方面]。
Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia Pub Date : 2016-05-01
N I Sanzharova, S V Fesenko, I K Romanovic, T A Marchenko, A N Razdaivodin, A V Panov, O A Shubina, P V Prudnikov, N N Isamov, A I Radin, G Ya Bruk
{"title":"[Radiological Aspects of Transition of Russian Areas Affected by the Chernobyl Accident to Normal Activities].","authors":"N I Sanzharova,&nbsp;S V Fesenko,&nbsp;I K Romanovic,&nbsp;T A Marchenko,&nbsp;A N Razdaivodin,&nbsp;A V Panov,&nbsp;O A Shubina,&nbsp;P V Prudnikov,&nbsp;N N Isamov,&nbsp;A I Radin,&nbsp;G Ya Bruk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dynamics of radiation situation in settlements, agriculture and forestry on the Russian Federation areas af- fected by the Chernobyl accident is presented. A set of challenging problems on public radiation protection and rehabilitation of territories was determined. The main objective at a long-term period after the accident is a stage-wise return of the affected areas to normal activity without any radiological criteria restrictions. For practical realization of this process it is necessary to change the national statutes and regulations consid- ering the contemporary international approaches, to pass to the current exposure situation and to establish reference levels, to define criteria of transition of the areas affected after the Chernobyl accident to normal activity. The change of conceptual approaches will allow one to revise the boundaries of settlement zoning and to develop the regulatory framework on procedures of changing their status from radioactively contami- nated zone to normal activity zone; to develop the regulatory framework on the procedures of transition of agricultural and forest lands classified as radioactively contaminated zones to territories where the traditional husbandry is possible. The Russian Federation has positive experience of transition of areas contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident to normal activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":79368,"journal":{"name":"Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia","volume":"56 3","pages":"322-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36895844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Low "Doses" of Radiobiology]. [低剂量的放射生物学]。
Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia Pub Date : 2016-05-01
A N Mikheev
{"title":"[Low \"Doses\" of Radiobiology].","authors":"A N Mikheev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The basic radiobiology problems are considered on the example of the Chernobyl accident. It is noteworthy that a paradoxical disparity is presently observed between the actuality of radiobiology problems in a post- Chernobyl period and low \"doses\" of efforts from the side,of radiobiologists for their decision. We justify the position that at the present stage of development of a post-emergency situation the existent experimental facts and theoretical notions of radiobiology are.fully sufficient for explanation of the radiobiology and radioecol- ogy phenomena. Special attention is paid to the problem of \"low doses\" of ionizing radiation. The existence of \"hot\" particles of a biological origin is experimentally proved. Special attention is also paid to the integral reactions of the biological systems to irradiation on the example of gigantisms of pine-needle of trees in the zone. affected by the Chernobyl disaster. The degrees of actuality of radio ecological problems are given on the basis of rating estimation. The role of radio phobia in the psychosomatic diseases,of population in the area of strict radiation control is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":79368,"journal":{"name":"Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia","volume":"56 3","pages":"336-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36895845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[35 First Days after the Chernobyl Accident (Eyewitness Rating)]. [切尔诺贝利事故后的第35天(目击者评价)]。
Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia Pub Date : 2016-05-01
Yu G Grigoriev
{"title":"[35 First Days after the Chernobyl Accident (Eyewitness Rating)].","authors":"Yu G Grigoriev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>April 26, 1986 a tragedy occurred: a reactor exploded at Chernobyl. A lot is written about this tragedy. Pre- sented here are different estimates of this event, including opportunistic and absolutely non-qualified. The article describes the situation during the first 35 days after the accident, in other words, what the author saw with his own eyes. The author himself was involved in the treatment of irradiated patients at hospital No 6 and took part in the liquidation of the accident at the site of the Chernobyl reactor disaster zone, within a 30-km. zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":79368,"journal":{"name":"Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia","volume":"56 3","pages":"237-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36841324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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