{"title":"Estimating the Textural Properties of Bromelain-Tenderized Beef by Impedance Measurement","authors":"Miku Matsumoto, Akari Igarashi, Takayuki Muramoto","doi":"10.1111/asj.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1111/asj.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hardness of meat is one of the most important textural properties noted while eating. Bromelain, found in pineapples, is an enzyme that degrades collagen, a factor that affects meat hardness. The latter is generally evaluated based on shear strength and texture; however, such methods are destructive. This study aimed to develop a nondestructive impedance measurement method. We conducted impedance measurements, using touch-type electrodes, on the muscles in beef artificially tenderized with bromelain, and examined the relationship between textural properties and impedance to develop a method for estimating the textural properties of bromelain-tenderized beef by impedance measurement. The maximum load was significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in the bromelain group than that in the others. Significant positive correlations (<i>p</i> < 0.01) were found between the total loss and impedance at all frequencies, and significant negative correlations were found between the maximum load and impedance at 120 Hz (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 20 kHz (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and 100 kHz (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The results of this study indicated that impedance measurements can be used to nondestructively estimate the water-holding capacity and hardness of beef tenderized by bromelain solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/asj.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Different n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratios on Ferroptosis in IPEC-J2 Cells","authors":"Ching-Hsuan Liu, Yuan-Yu Lin","doi":"10.1111/asj.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dietary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) balance critically modulates various physiological processes, including inflammation and cell death. This study investigated the effects of different n-6 PUFA ratios (1:1, 5:1, 10:1, 20:1) on ferroptosis in porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells. Cells treated with varying PUFA ratios showed a significant reduction in cell viability, which was alleviated by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (fer-1). The 20:1 n-6 PUFA ratio exhibited the most pronounced decrease in cell viability and the greatest increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation. Levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), total iron, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 were significantly elevated in the 5:1, 10:1, and 20:1 groups, with fer-1 treatment mitigating these effects. The GSSG/GSH ratio, an indicator of oxidative stress, also significantly increased in the 10:1 and 20:1 groups. These findings suggest that higher n-6 PUFA content exacerbates lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation, and inflammatory responses, leading to ferroptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. This study highlights the importance of dietary n-6 PUFA balance in modulating ferroptosis and intestinal health, offering potential insights into strategies for improving intestinal function by regulating ferroptosis pathways.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramazan Sevgi, Alaeddin Okuroğlu, Mehmet Ali Yılmaz, Cemal Dayanıklı, Derya Şahin, Seher Şimşek, Ali Şimşek, Burak Artut, Yasin Ergiden, İlker Ünal, Aslıhan Turhan
{"title":"Utilizing the Laparoscopic Ovum Pick-Up Method for In Vitro Embryo Production in Prepubertal Anatolian Native Black Calves: A Promising Approach for Gene Banks and Endangered Species","authors":"Ramazan Sevgi, Alaeddin Okuroğlu, Mehmet Ali Yılmaz, Cemal Dayanıklı, Derya Şahin, Seher Şimşek, Ali Şimşek, Burak Artut, Yasin Ergiden, İlker Ünal, Aslıhan Turhan","doi":"10.1111/asj.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent advancements in genomic technology have increased interest in using calves as oocyte sources through the laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) method, which shortens generation intervals and enhances genetic gain. This study aimed to produce embryos in vitro using oocytes from endangered Anatolian Native Black calves and to increase the number of embryos in the gene bank through LOPU, a method not previously studied in Turkey. Four Anatolian Native Black calves, approximately 3 months old, were used. The super stimulation protocol involved the application of an intravaginal sponge starting on day −5 and continuing until the LOPU procedure. FSH was administered intramuscularly six times at 12-h intervals starting at −72 h, with laparoscopic oocyte aspiration on day 0. A total of 42 A-B quality oocytes were collected, averaging 10.5 per calf. Maturation completion was 88.09%, with a cleavage rate of 76.19% at 24 h after fertilization. On day 7, blastocyst success was 28.57%. The study demonstrates that LOPU can successfully produce in vitro embryos in prepubertal endangered breed calves in Turkey, proving that LOPU is an effective method for gene bank embryo production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of a Low-Lysine Diet Based on Newly Estimated Lysine Requirements on the Intramuscular Fat Content in the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Fattening Pigs","authors":"Naoya Tsuchino, Katsuaki Takahashi, Takashi Ueno, Teruo Ozeki, Masaya Katsumata","doi":"10.1111/asj.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We have previously reported the new lysine requirements for fattening pigs raised in Japan. This study aimed to determine whether a low-lysine diet based on this newly estimated requirement could increase the intramuscular fat content in fattening pigs. Twenty-nine (Large White × Landrace) × Duroc crossbreeds, 14 weeks old and weighing 50 kg, were used in this experiment. The pigs were assigned to the control and low-lysine groups. The control pigs were fed a control diet, and the low-lysine pigs were fed a low-lysine diet for 2 months. As expected, the intramuscular fat content of the <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscle was higher in the low-lysine group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Therefore, we conclude that a low-lysine diet based on the newly estimated lysine requirement promotes intramuscular fat accumulation in the <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscles of fattening pigs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Supitcha Kaewma, Takeshige Otoi, Oky Setyo Widodo, Megumi Nagahara, Aya Nakai, Suong T. Nguyen, Yuichiro Nakayama, Theerawat Tharasanit, Maki Hirata, Fuminori Tanihara
{"title":"Zinc Chloride Supplementation During In Vitro Fertilization Reduces Polyspermic Fertilization of Porcine Oocytes","authors":"Supitcha Kaewma, Takeshige Otoi, Oky Setyo Widodo, Megumi Nagahara, Aya Nakai, Suong T. Nguyen, Yuichiro Nakayama, Theerawat Tharasanit, Maki Hirata, Fuminori Tanihara","doi":"10.1111/asj.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As zinc is important for the fertilization competency of sperms and oocytes, we investigated the effects of zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>) supplementation during in vitro fertilization (IVF) on porcine oocyte fertilization and development. We evaluated the effects of ZnCl<sub>2</sub> concentration (0, 1, 10, and 20 μg/mL) on the quality of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa cultured for 5 h and on oocyte fertilization and embryo development after IVF. Spermatozoa from three different boars were additionally tested. ZnCl<sub>2</sub> supplementation effects along with metal chelators, calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Ca-EDTA) and zinc EDTA (Zn-EDTA), were also examined. ZnCl<sub>2</sub> supplementation did not affect the quality of frozen-thawed spermatozoa after culture for 5 h. Supplementation with 1-μg/mL ZnCl<sub>2</sub> decreased the percentage of polyspermic fertilization compared to that at 0- and 20-μg/mL ZnCl<sub>2</sub>. Moreover, it increased blastocyst formation rate compared to that in the other supplementation groups. In different boar spermatozoa, ZnCl<sub>2</sub> supplementation (1 μg/mL) decreased polyspermic fertilization but did not improve embryo development. Co-incubation with Ca-EDTA did not reduce polyspermic fertilization, but Zn-EDTA co-incubation reduced polyspermic fertilization similar to that with ZnCl<sub>2</sub> alone. In conclusion, 1-μg/mL ZnCl<sub>2</sub> supplementation during IVF reduces polyspermic fertilization but may not improve embryo development.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/asj.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo Pereira-Pinto, Olga Moreira, Manuela Vaz-Velho
{"title":"Managing Boar Taint: Issues, Prevention Strategies, and Detection Methods","authors":"Ricardo Pereira-Pinto, Olga Moreira, Manuela Vaz-Velho","doi":"10.1111/asj.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Managing boar taint involves addressing welfare concerns related to castration, understanding the compounds causing the taint, and developing reliable detection methods. Surgical castration of piglets is common but raises welfare issues, prompting calls for alternatives. The European Union has seen slow progress in banning castration without pain relief, with varying national approaches. Boar taint, caused by androstenone and skatole, produces unpleasant odors and flavors in pork. Factors like genetics, age, and rearing conditions affect taint levels. Raising entire males or using immunocastration are the two main alternatives to physical castration, but both come with drawbacks such as welfare concerns and increased costs. Other strategies include feed supplementation, management practices, and genetic approaches. Detecting boar taint is crucial to ensure product quality, but no universal measurement standard exists. Efforts should focus on improving detection methods and processing techniques to reduce taint perception, balancing welfare, production efficiency, and consumer satisfaction. This review synthesizes existing scientific knowledge on boar taint, its prevention, and detection methods, while highlighting innovative strategies and critical research gaps to guide future advancements in sustainable pork production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosa E. Pérez, Manuel López, Gerardo Ordaz, Ruy Ortiz
{"title":"Effect of the Back Fat Thickness and Body Weight of Gilts at the Time of Service on Their Productive Performance During Gestation and Lactation in a Commercial Herd","authors":"Rosa E. Pérez, Manuel López, Gerardo Ordaz, Ruy Ortiz","doi":"10.1111/asj.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective was to determine the effects of back fat thickness (BFT) and body weight (BW) of gilts at the time of service on their productive performance during gestation and lactation in a commercial herd. BFT and BW were measured at the time of service, when entering maternity and weaning. Gilts were classified into tertiles according to BFT (low [< 17 mm], moderate [17–15 mm], and high [> 20 mm]) and BW (light [< 140 kg], moderate [140–150 kg], and high [> 150 kg]) at the time of service. A higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) lactating feed intake (4.5 kg/day) was observed in gilts with BFT < 17 mm. Classification based on BW at the time of service did not show any differences in feed intake during lactation. The greatest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) loss of back fat (4.7 mm) during lactation was observed in gilts with a BFT > 20 mm. The total number of piglets born, piglets born alive, and weaned piglets was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in gilts with a BFT of 17–20 mm. In summary, it was shown that feed intake, weight loss, back fat during lactation, and litter performance were mostly affected by the BFT with respect to BW.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ya-nan Ding, Kun Xie, De-run Wang, Yang Cui, Ya-xing Liu, Hai-han Zhang, Xi He, Ze-he Song
{"title":"Maternal IgY Accelerates Lactobacillus Colonization, Improves Intestinal Barrier Function and Salmonella pullorum Resistance of Offspring Chicks","authors":"Ya-nan Ding, Kun Xie, De-run Wang, Yang Cui, Ya-xing Liu, Hai-han Zhang, Xi He, Ze-he Song","doi":"10.1111/asj.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was aimed at examining the effect of maternal IgY levels on embryonic development, gut microbiota colonization, and resistance to <i>Salmonella pullorum</i> infection in offspring chicks. A total of 60 thirty-six-week-old breeders that were sorted from 969 breeders according to their yolk IgY content were allocated to two groups: a high egg yolk IgY levels group (<b>HIgY</b>) and a low egg yolk IgY levels group (<b>LIgY</b>). Fertilized eggs of breeders were collected for hatching. On Day 8, offspring chicks were challenged with <i>S. pullorum</i>. Results showed that compared with the LIgY group, the HIgY group exhibited a considerable increase in embryonic weight, significant enhancement in the richness and diversity of gut microbiota, along with an increased relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> in 7-day-old chicks (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The bacterial load in the spleen, liver tissue, and cecal contents, the mRNA expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (<b><i>NOS2</i></b>) and interleukin-1β (<b><i>IL-1β</i></b>) in the cecal tonsils and spleen of offspring chicks in the HIgY group markedly reduced on 1-day post-infection (<b>dpi</b>) compared with the LIgY group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and mucin-2 (<b><i>MUC2</i></b>) and <i>Occludin</i> mRNA expression in the jejunum of offspring chicks in the HIgY group was markedly increased compared with the LIgY group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In summary, maternal IgY increased the richness and diversity of gut microbiota, enhanced the colonization of <i>Lactobacillus</i>, improved the immunity and intestinal barrier function, thereby increasing the resistance against <i>S. pullorum</i> infection.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maho Yamanaka, Makito Hori, Toshinori Nakagawa, Masaki Yokoo, Takuji Hirayama
{"title":"Effect of Feeding Bean Sprout Residues to Cows on Ruminal Gas Production","authors":"Maho Yamanaka, Makito Hori, Toshinori Nakagawa, Masaki Yokoo, Takuji Hirayama","doi":"10.1111/asj.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we investigated the ruminal properties and gas production of cows fed bean sprout residue. Six Holstein cows (average age 24.8 ± 1.0 months) were used and divided into two groups: one that was fed bean sprout residue and one that was not fed bean sprout residue. Three cows were placed in each group in a 2 × 2 crossover design. In the bean sprout residue feeding group, each cow was given 4 kg of raw bean sprout residue in two separate feedings per day, in the morning and in the evening. The survey items were ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, protozoa number, and ruminal gas production, and differences in these items were examined between groups. No significant differences were observed between the groups for any detected VFA concentration. No significant difference was observed in ruminal pH between the groups. The number of protozoa tended to be higher in the bean sprout residue group (<i>p</i> < 0.10). The ruminal methane production was significantly lower in the bean sprout residue-fed group than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). These results suggest that feeding bean sprout residue may be able to reduce methane emissions without affecting the production of VFAs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vitamin B6 Status Assessed by Plasma Vitamers and Homocysteine in Lactating Dairy Cows and Its Relationship to Rumen Fermentation, Plasma Metabolites, and Milk Production in Different Environmental Conditions","authors":"Suttida Prombood, Taketo Obitsu, R-Jun Frederick Avelino Gaspe, Toshihisa Sugino, Yuzou Kurokawa, Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee","doi":"10.1111/asj.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The supply of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> from diet and rumen microbial synthesis is generally considered to be sufficient in dairy cows. However, increased milk yield and environmental factors may alter their vitamin B<sub>6</sub> status. This study aimed to clarify the vitamin B<sub>6</sub> status in lactating dairy cows milked with automatic milking system (AMS) under different environmental conditions. In the winter and summer feeding experiments, plasma concentrations of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> vitamers of pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) with pyridoxic acid (PA), and homocysteine (Hcys) of the cows were assessed, along with their feed intake, milk production, rumen fermentation, and plasma metabolites. Higher PL but lower PA concentrations and PA/(PLP + PL) ratio in plasma were found in the summer experiment compared with the winter experiment, even though plasma PLP concentration, milk production, and dry matter intake were similar between the winter and summer experiments. Plasma concentration of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> vitamers and Hcys concentration did not correlate with milk production parameters. However, the PA/(PLP + PL) ratio in plasma negatively correlated with ruminal acetic acid composition. Summer environment and the variation of rumen fermentation could alter the turnover of vitamin B<sub>6</sub>, even though plasma PLP concentration is likely maintained in lactating cows milked with AMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7890,"journal":{"name":"Animal Science Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/asj.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}