Animal Biology最新文献_第4页

Stable isotopes indicate reduced body condition of caribou in disturbed areas 稳定同位素表明受干扰地区驯鹿的身体状况下降

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Animal Biology Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10092

Rob Found, J. A. Baker, J. Fryxell, A. McLaren, A. Rodgers, J. Shuter, I. Thompson, B. Patterson

{"title":"Stable isotopes indicate reduced body condition of caribou in disturbed areas","authors":"Rob Found, J. A. Baker, J. Fryxell, A. McLaren, A. Rodgers, J. Shuter, I. Thompson, B. Patterson","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10092","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Understanding the impacts of disturbance on individual fitness is important for wildlife management, and critical for the conservation of species at risk. We compared the fitness and seasonal range use of 39 woodland caribou in Ontario study areas contrasted by their level of human disturbance. We previously showed that wolf density in the disturbed site was higher, likely due to human-modified landscapes favoring moose, the primary prey of wolves. In this paper we address three objectives. First, because the assimilation of dietary nitrogen is heavily influenced by metabolic processes related to stress, we hypothesized that ratios of nitrogen isotopes (N) may indicate changes in body condition in ungulates and be useful proxies for changes in fitness. Second, we predicted that increased predation risk from wolves in disturbed areas would result in measurable declines in caribou body condition. Third, we hypothesized that one mechanism for fitness declines among caribou in the disturbed area was increased wolf activity restricting caribou seasonal movements. We showed change in N in the tissues of caribou was correlated with body condition scoring using fat assessment. We used GPS collars to quantify seasonal range use and found that fitness was higher, and seasonal range overlap was lower, in caribou using the nondisturbed area. Winter fitness declines were significantly larger in the more disturbed area. Our study identifies another mechanism by which the cumulative effects of human-disturbed landscapes on caribou fitness could contribute to global declines in caribou populations.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44082757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

On the behavioural biology of a morpho-variant of Myrmaplata plataleoides (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) (Araneae: Salticidae) with taxonomic notes (蜘蛛目:水蛛科)一形态变异的行为生物学及分类注释

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Animal Biology Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10094

Rahul Kumar, B. K. Gupta, A. K. Sharma

{"title":"On the behavioural biology of a morpho-variant of Myrmaplata plataleoides (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) (Araneae: Salticidae) with taxonomic notes","authors":"Rahul Kumar, B. K. Gupta, A. K. Sharma","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10094","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000We hereby report an isolated population of a rare morpho-variant of the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmaplata plataleoides (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) from Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India, which is also the first record of this species from the state of Jharkhand, India. Descriptions of both male and female spiders, the female’s exuviae, its eggs and habitat are presented. We have studied its moulting, feeding and sexual behaviour in detail, and have recorded various behavioural aspects that were never documented before, such as debris-rolling behaviour, photokinetic response, starvation response and oxygen deprivation response. We here report the occurrence of this spider near the colonies of the ground-nesting ant Camponotus compressus (Fabricius, 1787). This spider is known to mimic the Asian weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1775), which are greenish orange to red in colour. Specimens collected by us are dark brown to black in coloration whereas the commonly reported specimens are often greenish orange to red. We propose that the darker coloration would have been naturally selected in this isolated population of M. plataleoides as an adaptation to coexist with C. compressus, which is also black in coloration and abundant around the spiders. Study of the moulting behaviour of the morpho-variant further reveals the display of a novel mechanism of ant mimicry among these spiders which we have named as temporal myrmecomorphy. Temporal myrmecomorphy has been proposed to be a protective mechanism used by a harmless mimic against the attacks of the aggressive models so that it can co-exist with the models. Present study establishes the usefulness of a morpho-variant as an important model in understanding the evolution and behaviour of a species holistically.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44441220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of different management strategies against Nilgai population (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in Punjab Province of India 不同管理策略对印度旁遮普邦Nilgai种群（Boselaphus tragocamellus）的有效性

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Animal Biology Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10096

Somya Jain, N. Singla, S. Kalra, A. Mahal

{"title":"Effectiveness of different management strategies against Nilgai population (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in Punjab Province of India","authors":"Somya Jain, N. Singla, S. Kalra, A. Mahal","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10096","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Crop raiding has been reported in many parts of Punjab as a result of an overabundance of nilgai antelopes (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and farmers are constantly battling to save their crops. In the present study, various management strategies such as physical deterrents (nylon rope, nylon net and garden net), visual repellents (scarecrow and reflective ribbon), chemical repellents (different concentrations of Neelbo and Ecodon (based on ricinoleic acid) applied by spraying, soaking jute rope, soaked in wood shavings packed in plastic bags and paper cups) and biological deterrents (bioacoustic device and different concentrations of faecal solution of horse, tiger and Himalayan black bear) were evaluated to minimize the damage caused by nilgai. Nylon net was the most promising method, providing complete protection against nilgai, which can be used for protecting crops at vulnerable stages with a one-time cost. The nylon rope and garden net provided partial protection from nilgai damage. The bioacoustic device and reflective ribbon were also effective for a short period of time. Neelbo was found more effective as chemical repellent against nilgai. The faecal solution of horse and Himalayan black bear remained effective as repellent for 10 days. It is thus concluded that while comprehensive damage prevention may be difficult, animal management devices can help reduce nilgai damage at vulnerable stages of the crop. The employment of a range of management devices at the proper time can be part of a cost-effective system to keep nilgai damage at acceptable levels.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45463779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fitness differences between parthenogenetic litters of the synanthropic scorpion Tityus stigmurus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) 雌雄同体蝎(蝎科)单性生殖凋落物的适合度差异

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Animal Biology Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10093

W. Dionisio-da-Silva, C. Albuquerque, A. Lira

{"title":"Fitness differences between parthenogenetic litters of the synanthropic scorpion Tityus stigmurus (Scorpiones: Buthidae)","authors":"W. Dionisio-da-Silva, C. Albuquerque, A. Lira","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10093","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Clonal lineages in similar environments may be influenced by non-Mendelian inheritance, such as maternal age effects and developmental instabilities. These mechanisms may affect the developmental fitness of parthenogenetic litters. In this study, the scorpion Tityus stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) was used to analyze the effects of non-Mendelian variation on parthenogenetic litters. A total of 75 juveniles from five females were reared under the same controlled conditions, while their development was observed and evaluated through differences in offspring fitness traits (litter size, prosoma size, developmental time, and mortality) between the litters. First and second litters had a similar litter size, although second litters exhibited longer developmental time in the early instar stages (second and third) than first litters. These results indicate that T. stigmurus females allocated nutrient resources to maximize litter size rather than developmental fitness in subsequent litters. Differences in developmental time found in early instars but not in late instars may have occurred as a result of stochastic developmental variations in young individuals. Such variation in duration of development has the potential to influence survival of juveniles in natural environments because individuals that grow faster may avoid large predators and consume larger prey, compared to those that do not.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46544624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An investigation on cauda storage of sperm in hamster epididymis 仓鼠附睾精子尾状贮存的研究

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Animal Biology Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10089

K. Sudarshani, H. Wegiriya

{"title":"An investigation on cauda storage of sperm in hamster epididymis","authors":"K. Sudarshani, H. Wegiriya","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10089","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Immature testicular sperm of mammals acquire the potential to move in a forward direction during their journey through excurrent ducts, efferent ductules and the epididymis. The present study aimed to determine the sperm storage time using the hamster cauda epididymis. Ligation of the left epididymal tubule at the junction between the distal corpus and the proximal cauda was carried out to determine the storage time. The right epididymis was left unaltered as the control. On days 3, 12, 15, 24, 28, 32, and 40 after ligation of the cauda, experiments were carried out and repeated five times. Sperm total count and mortality were determined using the haemocytometer counting method and sperm viability was assessed with the live/dead viability kit. The morphology of cauda sperm was observed by preparing sperm smears from each animal. Data were analyzed using SPSS and all values were expressed as mean ± SEM. On day 40, the total number of cauda sperms was reduced remarkably. In the experimental groups and in the control, 3–6% of sperm motility was maintained until day 40. By day 3, the percentage of live sperm was 50% and by the 40th day, it was decreased up to 10%. In the control group, the live sperm percentage was 24% by the 40th day (). By day 32, 76% of the cauda spermatozoa appeared abnormal with head defects, mid piece and neck defects and multiple defects. Findings of the present study indicate that cauda sperm storage time is more than 40 days. Motility, viability and morphology of these spermatozoa were decreased remarkably during this storage time.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44105950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex differences in pelvic and sacral size in wildcat from the Western Carpathians 喀尔巴阡山脉西部野猫骨盆和骶骨大小的性别差异

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Animal Biology Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10091

A. Csanády, Peter Krišovský

引用次数: 0

Life history variation between two Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus populations at different altitudes 欧亚两种树雀在不同海拔地区的生活史差异

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Animal Biology Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10090

Shaobin Li, Hao-Ran Gao, Jinlong Liu, Chongmou Li, Guopan Li, Dayong Li

{"title":"Life history variation between two Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus populations at different altitudes","authors":"Shaobin Li, Hao-Ran Gao, Jinlong Liu, Chongmou Li, Guopan Li, Dayong Li","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10090","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Altitudinal gradients create environmental variation that can strongly affect avian life history strategies. To fully understand this issue, a comparison of the demography of populations of the same species over large altitudinal differences is required. Here, we investigated the breeding ecology of two populations of Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus), one in the temperate zone of central China at an altitude of 30 m and another in the alpine zone of the northeastern Tibetan plateau at an altitude of 3430 m. The breeding ecology of this species was rarely studied at such a high altitude before. Our result revealed that high-altitude tree sparrows started breeding later, had a shorter breeding period (80 versus 140 days), produced smaller broods (1.2 versus 2.5 chicks) and had significantly smaller clutches (4.0 versus 4.9 eggs) but larger eggs (4272 versus 3443 mm3) when compared with their low-altitude counterparts. Besides, tree sparrows at our high-altitude site had longer nestling periods (14.5 versus 13.4 days) than those at the low-altitude site. High-altitude tree sparrows tend to have reduced fecundity but allocate more energy into each offspring to confront the stressful conditions at high altitudes. The observed patterns are consistent with adaptive life history strategies.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47590966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Plasma lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activity changes with body mass and age across birds and mammals 鸟类和哺乳动物的血浆乳酸脱氢酶和丙酮酸激酶活性随体重和年龄的变化

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Animal Biology Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10087

Morgan R. Wynkoop, Clara Cooper-Mullin, A. G. Jiménez

{"title":"Plasma lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activity changes with body mass and age across birds and mammals","authors":"Morgan R. Wynkoop, Clara Cooper-Mullin, A. G. Jiménez","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10087","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Birds and mammals produce most adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, but when oxygen is not present in sufficient levels, ATP can be produced through anaerobic glycolysis. Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the final step of glycolysis by converting phosphoenolpyruvate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into pyruvate and ATP. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is important for anaerobic glycolysis by catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate into lactate. In this study, we measured LDH and PK activities in plasma from birds and mammals in order to determine the relationship between LDH and PK with respect to body mass and age. Our results show that birds had a higher LDH and PK activity compared with mammals. There is a positive relationship between body mass and plasma LDH activity in birds only. However, this relationship disappears when the data are phylogenetically corrected. We did not observe a significant relationship between plasma LDH and age in birds or mammals. Plasma PK activity was negatively correlated with body mass in birds but not in mammals and positively associated with age in both birds and mammals. The relationship between LDH and PK with respect to body mass and age may be complex due to differences in metabolism in birds and mammals. Increases in LDH and PK activity with body mass in birds may be linked to anaerobic demands of flight, especially in larger birds. A decrease in LDH activity with age/MLSP (maximum lifespan) in mammals may reflect a differing metabolic shift as compared with birds. Increases in PK with age in both mammals and birds may help them cope with greater energetic needs as cells age.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44959864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oviposition preference of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella on cotton 粉红棉铃虫对棉花的产卵偏好

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Animal Biology Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10088

V. Shah, R. Pande, P. Verma, N. Gokte-Narkhedkar, Y. Prasad

{"title":"Oviposition preference of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella on cotton","authors":"V. Shah, R. Pande, P. Verma, N. Gokte-Narkhedkar, Y. Prasad","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10088","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The effect of four cultivated species of cotton on the oviposition behaviour and/or preference of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella was studied under laboratory conditions. Blends of volatile organic compounds from squares of all four species of cotton (Gossypium arboreum, G. herbaceum, G. hirsutum, G. barbadense) were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Differences were observed across the species with respect to the relative proportion of identified compounds, viz., pinene, carene, caryophyllene, humulene and γ terpinene. In order to evaluate the ovipositional preference of pink bollworm, a series of no-choice and choice experiments were conducted using square extract, artificial blend-treated muslin cloth and cotton twig as substrate for oviposition. All four species of cotton had differences in the volatile blend composition that were reflected in the mean number of eggs laid under no-choice and choice experiments. A substantially higher number of eggs was laid on cotton twig under both no-choice and choice experiments than on square extract and artificial blend treatments. In both no-choice and choice experiments G. herbaceum was found to be the least preferred for egg laying compared to the other three species.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46678824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comparative genetic research on Microtus mystacinus (de Filippi, 1865) distributed in Asia and Europe inferred from mitochondrial (CYTB and COXI) and nuclear (IRBP) gene regions 从线粒体(CYTB和COXI)和核(IRBP)基因区推断分布于亚洲和欧洲的密迹鼠(Microtus mystacinus, de Filippi, 1865)的比较遗传学研究

IF 1.2 4区生物学

Animal Biology Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10084

D. Çetintürk, N. Yigit, R. Castiglia, G. Senczuk, E. Çolak

{"title":"Comparative genetic research on Microtus mystacinus (de Filippi, 1865) distributed in Asia and Europe inferred from mitochondrial (CYTB and COXI) and nuclear (IRBP) gene regions","authors":"D. Çetintürk, N. Yigit, R. Castiglia, G. Senczuk, E. Çolak","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10084","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The East European vole Microtus mystacinus is the most widespread vole species in Anatolia. It is also frequently seen in watery habitats in a large area of Eurasia. In this paper, an attempt was made to ascertain the level of genetic differentiation between Anatolian (Asian part of Turkey) and Turkish Thracian (European part of Turkey) populations together with additional data from other parts of Asia and Europe by analysing two mitochondrial (cytochrome-b and cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and one nuclear (interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein) gene regions. Acquired Bayesian Inference trees mostly separated the Asian and European populations of M. mystacinus and the fixation index values implied a significant differentiation between these populations for mitochondrial DNA. On the other hand, the median-joining networks did not show diverging populations, significantly, and the mean genetic distance values among populations were found to be low for both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Evolutionary divergence times of Asian and European populations were also calculated and dated back to approximately 0.316–0.111 million years ago, coinciding with the ice ages of the Pleistocene epoch. According to the obtained results, M. mystacinus populations have not diverged enough to form different species; however, there is a separation between Asian and European populations which might result in speciation.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48730177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2