K. Linkowski, R. S. Sidhu, J. Skowronski, M. Aliotta, P. Black, T. Davinson, M. Wiescher, A. Caciolli, J. Jones, K. Manukyan, D. Robertson, A. Smith
{"title":"Energy calibration of the 2.5 MV Pelletron at the Dalton Cumbrian Facility","authors":"K. Linkowski, R. S. Sidhu, J. Skowronski, M. Aliotta, P. Black, T. Davinson, M. Wiescher, A. Caciolli, J. Jones, K. Manukyan, D. Robertson, A. Smith","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01622-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01622-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report on the energy calibration of the 2.5 MV Pelletron accelerator at the Dalton Cumbrian Facility in England (UK) using five well-known resonances in the <sup>27</sup>Al(<i>p</i>,<span>(gamma )^{28})</span>Si reaction in the proton beam energy range of 632–1800 keV. The beam energy spread was also measured and found to be 191(38) eV. Additionally, we checked the stability and reproducibility of the accelerator’s beam energy, confirming its suitability for nuclear astrophysics experiments, especially in the high-energy regime of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compositeness of hadrons, nuclei, and atomic systems","authors":"Tomona Kinugawa, Tetsuo Hyodo","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01548-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01548-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent observations of exotic hadrons have stimulated the theoretical investigation of the internal structure of hadrons. While all hadrons are ultimately composed of quarks and gluons bound by the strong interaction, quark clustering phenomena can generate hadronic molecules—weakly bound systems of hadrons—which are expected to emerge near two-hadron thresholds. However, it should be noted that a pure hadronic molecule is not realized, as the strong interaction induces mixing with other possible configurations. The compositeness of hadrons has been developed as a promising concept to quantitatively characterize the fraction of the hadronic molecular component. Here we summarize the modern understanding of the compositeness to study the internal structure of hadrons and review the application of compositeness to various quantum systems in different energy scales, such as nuclei and atomic systems, in addition to hadrons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01548-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Symmetry breaking effects in pion couplings to constituent quark currents","authors":"Fabio L. Braghin","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01620-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01620-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pseudoscalar and axial neutral and charged pion-constituent quark coupling constants are investigated with nondegenerate quark masses in different kinematical points, off shell and on shell pions and constituent quarks. By considering a large quark mass expansion of a quark determinant in the presence of local pion field and of constituent quark background currents, gluonic effects are considered by means of an effective gluon propagator that dresses quark currents. For the neutral pion, mixing effects are introduced by means of the pion mixing to states <span>(P_0)</span> and <span>(P_8)</span>, that give rise to the <span>(pi ^0-eta -eta ')</span> meson mixing, and mixing of quark currents via corresponding mixing interactions. The relative behavior of charged and neutral pion coupling constants to quarks may be nearly the same—in the framework of the constituent quark model—as the pion–nucleon coupling constants if mixings are introduced. A very small pion coupling to strange quark current is also obtained. The dependence of the positive and negative pion-constituent quark coupling constant on the non-degeneracy of quark masses, for emission and absorption processes, is identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Littich, L. Doria, P. Brand, P. Achenbach, S. Aulenbacher, S. Bacca, J. C. Bernauer, M. Biroth, D. Bonaventura, D. Bosnar, M. Christmann, E. Cline, A. Denig, M. Distler, A. Esser, I. Friščić, J. Geimer, P. Gülker, M. Hoek, P. Klag, A. Khoukaz, M. Lauß, S. Lunkenheimer, T. Manoussos, D. Markus, H. Merkel, M. Mihovilovič, U. Müller, J. Pochodzalla, B. S. Schlimme, C. Sfienti, J. E. Sobczyk, S. Stengel, E. Stephan, M. Thiel, S. Vestrick, A. Wilczek, L. Wilhelm
{"title":"Measurement of the 40Ar(e,(hbox {e}^{prime })) elastic scattering cross section with a novel gas-jet target","authors":"M. Littich, L. Doria, P. Brand, P. Achenbach, S. Aulenbacher, S. Bacca, J. C. Bernauer, M. Biroth, D. Bonaventura, D. Bosnar, M. Christmann, E. Cline, A. Denig, M. Distler, A. Esser, I. Friščić, J. Geimer, P. Gülker, M. Hoek, P. Klag, A. Khoukaz, M. Lauß, S. Lunkenheimer, T. Manoussos, D. Markus, H. Merkel, M. Mihovilovič, U. Müller, J. Pochodzalla, B. S. Schlimme, C. Sfienti, J. E. Sobczyk, S. Stengel, E. Stephan, M. Thiel, S. Vestrick, A. Wilczek, L. Wilhelm","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01623-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01623-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report on a measurement of elastic electron scattering on argon performed with a novel cryogenic gas-jet target at the Mainz Microtron accelerator MAMI. The luminosity is estimated with the thermodynamical parameters of the target and by comparison to a calculation in distorted-wave Born approximation. The cross section, measured at new momentum transfers of 1.24 <span>(hbox {fm}^{-1})</span> and 1.55 <span>(hbox {fm}^{-1})</span> is in agreement with previous experiments performed with a traditional high-pressure gas target, as well as with modern <i>ab-initio</i> calculations employing state-of-the-art nuclear forces from chiral effective field theory. The nearly background-free measurement highlights the optimal properties of the gas-jet target for elements heavier than hydrogen, enabling new applications in hadron and nuclear physics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01623-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roberta Spartà, Alexandra Spiridon, Rosanna Depalo, Denise Piatti, Antonio Massara, Nicoleta Florea, Marcel Heine, Radu-Florin Andrei, Beyhan Bastin, Ion Burducea, Antonio Caciolli, Matteo Campostrini, Sandrine Courtin, Federico Ferraro, Giovanni Luca Guardo, Felix Heim, Decebal Iancu, Marco La Cognata, Livio Lamia, Gaetano Lanzalone, Eliana Masha, Paul Mereuta, Jean Nippert, Rosario Gianluca Pizzone, Giuseppe Gabriele Rapisarda, Maria Letizia Sergi, Jakub Skowronski, Dana State, Tamás Szücs, Livius Trache, Aurora Tumino
{"title":"Solid target production for astrophysical research: the European target laboratory partnership in ChETEC-INFRA","authors":"Roberta Spartà, Alexandra Spiridon, Rosanna Depalo, Denise Piatti, Antonio Massara, Nicoleta Florea, Marcel Heine, Radu-Florin Andrei, Beyhan Bastin, Ion Burducea, Antonio Caciolli, Matteo Campostrini, Sandrine Courtin, Federico Ferraro, Giovanni Luca Guardo, Felix Heim, Decebal Iancu, Marco La Cognata, Livio Lamia, Gaetano Lanzalone, Eliana Masha, Paul Mereuta, Jean Nippert, Rosario Gianluca Pizzone, Giuseppe Gabriele Rapisarda, Maria Letizia Sergi, Jakub Skowronski, Dana State, Tamás Szücs, Livius Trache, Aurora Tumino","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01627-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01627-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The joint work of European target laboratories in the ChETEC-INFRA project is presented, to face the new experimental challenges of nuclear astrophysics. In particular, results are presented on innovative targets of <span>(^{12,13})</span>C, <span>(^{16})</span>O, and <span>(^{19})</span>F that were produced, characterized, and, in some cases, tested under beam irradiation. STAR (Solid Targets for Astrophysics Research) is already acting to increase collaboration among laboratories, to achieve shared protocols for target production, and to offer a characterization service to the entire nuclear astrophysics community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Possible (D_{1}D_{1}), (D_{1} bar{D}_{1}), (B_{1}B_{1}) and (B_{1} bar{B}_{1}) molecular states and the recoil corrections","authors":"Xiao Chen, Li Ma","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01616-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01616-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recoil correction appears at <span>(Obig (frac{1}{M}big ))</span>, which turns out to be very essential for the hadronic molecules with heavy flavor. In the past, we always thought that the recoil corrections were unfavorable to the formation of the molecular states, but our research reveals its importance to form the di-hadron bound states. In some cases, we are unable to find the bound states without considering the recoil corrections. Under SU(2) chiral symmetry, we have studied the <span>(D_1 D_1)</span>, <span>(D_1 bar{D}_1)</span>, <span>(B_1 B_1)</span> and <span>(B_1 bar{B}_1)</span> systems in the framework of the One-Boson-Exchange (OBE) model with the treatments of the <i>S</i>–<i>D</i> wave mixing effect and the recoil corrections. Our results indicate that the recoil corrections cannot be ignored in some cases. For both the <span>(D_1 D_1)</span> and the <span>(B_1 B_1)</span> systems with <span>(I(J^P)=1(2^+))</span>, although the bound-state solution can be found without considering the recoil corrections, the inclusion of such corrections significantly enhances the credibility of the molecular picture, as evidenced by smaller cutoff parameters and larger binding energies in the refined results. In contrast, for the <span>(D_1bar{D}_1)</span> system with <span>(I(J^P)=0(0^+))</span> and <span>(I(J^P)=0(1^+))</span>, the recoil corrections markedly decrease the binding energy of these channels. Notably, for the <span>(B_1 B_1)</span> system with <span>(I(J^P)=1(0^+))</span>, the bound-state solution exists only when the recoil corrections are taken into account. Besides, di-hadron systems formed by <span>(B_{1})</span> mesons are more likely to form bound states than those formed by <span>(D_{1})</span> mesons within the same <span>(I(J^P))</span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samrudhi R. Kanjarpane, P. M. Prajapati, Sachin Shet, Bhargav Soni, Deep Bhandari, Rajeev Kumar, R. G. Pizzone, S. V. Suryanarayana
{"title":"Determination of thermal neutron capture cross-section of cerium isotopes","authors":"Samrudhi R. Kanjarpane, P. M. Prajapati, Sachin Shet, Bhargav Soni, Deep Bhandari, Rajeev Kumar, R. G. Pizzone, S. V. Suryanarayana","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01621-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01621-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The thermal neutron capture cross-section of cerium isotopes <span>(^{140})</span>Ce and <span>(^{142})</span>Ce, were measured with detailed covariance analysis using naturally occurring cerium oxide samples. We conducted irradiation with an Am–Be neutron source at the Manipal Institute of Technology and performed offline gamma-ray measurements via High Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detector. The neutron spectrum from the irradiation location was obtained by employing multiple foil activation techniques and spectrum unfolding methods. The present results provide precise thermal neutron capture cross-section data with detailed covariance analysis. The measured cross sections, <span>( 0.54 pm 0.03 )</span> barns for <span>(^{140})</span>Ce and <span>(0.83 pm 0.04)</span> barns for cerium-142, are compared with previous measurements and with the latest available evaluated nuclear libraries. It is observed that the presently measured thermal cross-section values of <span>(^{140})</span>Ce and <span>(^{142})</span>Ce are lower than the evaluated data but have higher accuracy compared to the previous measurements with larger uncertainties. Further, the measured thermal neutron capture cross-section values of <span>(^{140})</span>Ce and <span>(^{142})</span>Ce isotopes are in good agreement with the previous measurements than the evaluations. Thus, the current state of nuclear data evaluation requires improvement for cerium isotopes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biswajit Das, A. Kundu, R. Palit, P. Dey, Vishal Malik, U. Garg, D. Negi, S. R. Laskar, Rajkumar Santra, S. K. Jadhav, B. S. Naidu, A. T. Vazhappilly
{"title":"Spectroscopic investigation of (^{54})Cr via (alpha )-transfer reaction","authors":"Biswajit Das, A. Kundu, R. Palit, P. Dey, Vishal Malik, U. Garg, D. Negi, S. R. Laskar, Rajkumar Santra, S. K. Jadhav, B. S. Naidu, A. T. Vazhappilly","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01619-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01619-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low-lying states in <span>(^{54})</span>Cr have been investigated via the <span>(alpha )</span>-transfer reaction <span>(^{50})</span>Ti(<span>(^{7})</span>Li,<i>t</i>) at a bombarding energy of 20 MeV. The exclusive <span>(alpha )</span>-transfer channel is separated from other reaction channels through the appropriate energy gate on the complementary particle, triton. Levels of <span>(^{54})</span>Cr populated exclusively by the <span>(alpha )</span>-transfer process could be identified up to <span>(approx )</span> 5 MeV excitation energy and angular momentum up to <span>((8)^{+})</span>, by identifying the corresponding known <span>(gamma )</span>-rays. These include multiple low-lying non-yrast 2<span>(^+)</span> and 4<span>(^+)</span> states, which would otherwise be unfavorable via fusion evaporation reactions. The feeding-subtracted <span>(gamma )</span>-ray yields have been extracted to estimate the population of various excited states through the transfer process. The measured integrated transfer cross sections for all the observed yrast and non-yrast states are compared with Coupled Channels calculations using <span>fresco</span> to extract the <span>(alpha )</span>+<span>(^{50})</span>Ti core spectroscopic factors. For the yrast states, a higher <span>(alpha )</span>+core overlap is seen for the <span>(2^+)</span> and <span>(4^+)</span> states, while it is seen to be less favorable for the <span>(6^+)</span> and <span>((8)^+)</span> states when <span>(alpha )</span>-transfer is considered to occur predominantly as a direct one-step process to the <span>(^{50})</span>Ti core ground state. The yrast <span>(2^+)</span>, and <span>(4^+)</span> states are predominantly populated by single-step transfer, while for the states with spin <span>(ge )</span> 5, the possibility of core excitation followed by <span>(alpha )</span>-transfer shows a larger <span>(alpha )</span>-core overlap. For the non-yrast <span>(0^+)</span>, <span>(2^+)</span>, and <span>(4^+)</span> states, single-step transfer shows moderate to small <span>(alpha )</span>-core overlap. No higher spin non-yrast states are observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01619-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. O. Rosanowski, T. C. Jude, S. Alef, A. J. Clara Figueiredo, D. D. Burdeinyi, P. L. Cole, R. Di Salvo, D. Elsner, A. Fantini, O. Freyermuth, F. Frommberger, V. B. Ganenko, F. Ghio, J. Groß, K. Kohl, P. Levi Sandri, G. Mandaglio, R. Messi, D. Moricciani, P. Pedroni, B.-E. Reitz, M. Romaniuk, G. Scheluchin, H. Schmieden, A. Sonnenschein
{"title":"(K^+Lambda (1520)) photoproduction at forward angles near threshold with the BGOOD experiment","authors":"E. O. Rosanowski, T. C. Jude, S. Alef, A. J. Clara Figueiredo, D. D. Burdeinyi, P. L. Cole, R. Di Salvo, D. Elsner, A. Fantini, O. Freyermuth, F. Frommberger, V. B. Ganenko, F. Ghio, J. Groß, K. Kohl, P. Levi Sandri, G. Mandaglio, R. Messi, D. Moricciani, P. Pedroni, B.-E. Reitz, M. Romaniuk, G. Scheluchin, H. Schmieden, A. Sonnenschein","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01613-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01613-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The differential cross section for <span>(gamma prightarrow K^+Lambda (1520))</span> was measured from threshold to a centre-of-mass energy of 2090 MeV at forward angles at the BGOOD experiment. The high statistical precision and resolution in centre-of-mass energy and angle allows a detailed characterisation of this low-momentum transfer kinematic region. The data agree with a previous LEPS measurement and support effective Lagrangian models that indicate that the contact term dominates the cross section near threshold.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01613-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A sign of 3-body clustering in nuclei from an analysis of nuclear mass and short-range correlation probability","authors":"Na-Na Ma, Rong Wang","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01614-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01614-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three-nucleon short-range correlation (3<i>N</i> SRC) represents a rare and intriguing part of the nuclear dynamics at short distance, beyond the two-nucleon short-range correlation (2<i>N</i> SRC). To search its existence is a hot topic in the ongoing and future high-energy nuclear experiments and the developments of nuclear theory. In this study, we found a positive sign of 3<i>N</i> SRC in nuclei, by analyzing the correlation between the per-nucleon nuclear mass and the probability of a nucleon in 2<i>N</i> SRC state, with the current experimental measurements of <sup>2</sup>H, <sup>3</sup>He, <sup>4</sup>He, <sup>9</sup>Be, <sup>12</sup>C, <sup>27</sup>Al, <sup>56</sup>Fe, Cu, <sup>197</sup>Au and <sup>208</sup>Pb from SLAC, CLAS, and JLab Hall C collaborations. The effective masses of the nucleons in 2<i>N</i> SRC and 3<i>N</i> SRC are also extracted from the analysis, which provide some references for the nuclear medium effect study. The probability of 3<i>N</i> SRC is much smaller than that of 2<i>N</i> SRC, thus requiring high-luminosity experiments to confirm its existence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}