Ai MagazinePub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1002/aaai.12149
Manas Gaur, Amit Sheth
{"title":"Building trustworthy NeuroSymbolic AI Systems: Consistency, reliability, explainability, and safety","authors":"Manas Gaur, Amit Sheth","doi":"10.1002/aaai.12149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aaai.12149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Explainability and Safety engender trust. These require a model to exhibit consistency and reliability. To achieve these, it is necessary to use and analyze <i>data</i> and <i>knowledge</i> with statistical and symbolic AI methods relevant to the AI application––neither alone will do. Consequently, we argue and seek to demonstrate that the NeuroSymbolic AI approach is better suited for making AI a trusted AI system. We present the CREST framework that shows how <b>C</b>onsistency, <b>R</b>eliability, user-level <b>E</b>xplainability, and <b>S</b>afety are built on NeuroSymbolic methods that use data and knowledge to support requirements for critical applications such as health and well-being. This article focuses on Large Language Models (LLMs) as the chosen AI system within the CREST framework. LLMs have garnered substantial attention from researchers due to their versatility in handling a broad array of natural language processing (NLP) scenarios. As examples, ChatGPT and Google's MedPaLM have emerged as highly promising platforms for providing information in general and health-related queries, respectively. Nevertheless, these models remain black boxes despite incorporating human feedback and instruction-guided tuning. For instance, ChatGPT can generate <i>unsafe responses</i> despite instituting safety guardrails. CREST presents a plausible approach harnessing procedural and graph-based knowledge within a NeuroSymbolic framework to shed light on the challenges associated with LLMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7854,"journal":{"name":"Ai Magazine","volume":"45 1","pages":"139-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aaai.12149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ai MagazinePub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1002/aaai.12160
Amy McGovern, Imme Ebert-Uphoff, Elizabeth A. Barnes, Ann Bostrom, Mariana G. Cains, Phillip Davis, Julie L. Demuth, Dimitrios I. Diochnos, Andrew H. Fagg, Philippe Tissot, John K. Williams, Christopher D. Wirz
{"title":"AI2ES: The NSF AI Institute for Research on Trustworthy AI for Weather, Climate, and Coastal Oceanography","authors":"Amy McGovern, Imme Ebert-Uphoff, Elizabeth A. Barnes, Ann Bostrom, Mariana G. Cains, Phillip Davis, Julie L. Demuth, Dimitrios I. Diochnos, Andrew H. Fagg, Philippe Tissot, John K. Williams, Christopher D. Wirz","doi":"10.1002/aaai.12160","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aaai.12160","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The NSF AI Institute for Research on Trustworthy AI in Weather, Climate, and Coastal Oceanography (AI2ES) focuses on creating trustworthy AI for a variety of environmental and Earth science phenomena. AI2ES includes leading experts from AI, atmospheric and ocean science, risk communication, and education, who work synergistically to develop and test trustworthy AI methods that transform our understanding and prediction of the environment. Trust is a social phenomenon, and our integration of risk communication research across AI2ES activities provides an empirical foundation for developing user-informed, trustworthy AI. AI2ES also features activities to broaden participation and for workforce development that are fully integrated with AI2ES research on trustworthy AI, environmental science, and risk communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":7854,"journal":{"name":"Ai Magazine","volume":"45 1","pages":"105-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aaai.12160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139838363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ai MagazinePub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1002/aaai.12161
James Lester, Mohit Bansal, Gautam Biswas, Cindy Hmelo-Silver, Jeremy Roschelle, Jonathan Rowe
{"title":"The AI Institute for Engaged Learning","authors":"James Lester, Mohit Bansal, Gautam Biswas, Cindy Hmelo-Silver, Jeremy Roschelle, Jonathan Rowe","doi":"10.1002/aaai.12161","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aaai.12161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The EngageAI Institute focuses on AI-driven narrative-centered learning environments that create engaging story-based problem-solving experiences to support collaborative learning. The institute's research has three complementary strands. First, the institute creates narrative-centered learning environments that generate interactive story-based problem scenarios to elicit rich communication, encourage coordination, and spark collaborative creativity. Second, the institute creates virtual embodied conversational agent technologies with multiple modalities for communication (speech, facial expression, gesture, gaze, and posture) to support student learning. Embodied conversational agents are driven by advances in natural language understanding, natural language generation, and computer vision. Third, the institute is creating an innovative multimodal learning analytics framework that analyzes parallel streams of multimodal data derived from students’ conversations, gaze, facial expressions, gesture, and posture as they interact with each other, with teachers, and with embodied conversational agents. Woven throughout the institute's activities is a strong focus on ethics, with an emphasis on creating AI-augmented learning that is deeply informed by considerations of fairness, accountability, transparency, trust, and privacy. The institute emphasizes broad participation and diverse perspectives to ensure that advances in AI-augmented learning address inequities in STEM. The institute brings together a multistate network of universities, diverse K-12 school systems, science museums, and nonprofit partners. Key to all of these endeavors is an emphasis on diversity, equity, and inclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":7854,"journal":{"name":"Ai Magazine","volume":"45 1","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aaai.12161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139838529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ai MagazinePub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1002/aaai.12144
Ashok Goel, Chaohua Ou
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue","authors":"Ashok Goel, Chaohua Ou","doi":"10.1002/aaai.12144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aaai.12144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We briefly introduce this special issue and describe the scheme for the organization of the 20 articles in it.</p>","PeriodicalId":7854,"journal":{"name":"Ai Magazine","volume":"45 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aaai.12144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ai MagazinePub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1002/aaai.12153
James J. Donlon
{"title":"The National Artificial Intelligence Research Institutes program and its significance to a prosperous future","authors":"James J. Donlon","doi":"10.1002/aaai.12153","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aaai.12153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The U.S. National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Institutes program is introduced, and its significance is discussed relative to the guiding national AI research and development strategy. The future of the program is also discussed, including, the strategic priorities guiding the potential for new AI Institutes of the future, initiatives for building a broader ecosystem to connect Institutes into a strongly interconnected network, and the building of new AI capacity and fostering partnerships in minority-serving institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7854,"journal":{"name":"Ai Magazine","volume":"45 1","pages":"6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aaai.12153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ai MagazinePub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.1002/aaai.12146
Pascal Van Hentenryck, Kevin Dalmeijer
{"title":"AI4OPT: AI Institute for Advances in Optimization","authors":"Pascal Van Hentenryck, Kevin Dalmeijer","doi":"10.1002/aaai.12146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aaai.12146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article is a short introduction to <span>AI4OPT</span>, the NSF AI Institute for Advances in Optimization. <span>AI4OPT</span> fuses AI and optimization, inspired by societal challenges in supply chains, energy systems, chip design and manufacturing, and sustainable food systems. By combining machine learning and mathematical optimization, <span>AI4OPT</span> strives to develop AI-assisted optimization systems that bring orders of magnitude improvements in efficiency, perform accurate uncertainty quantification, and address challenges in resiliency and sustainability. <span>AI4OPT</span> also applies its “teaching the teachers” philosophy to provide longitudinal educational pathways in AI for engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":7854,"journal":{"name":"Ai Magazine","volume":"45 1","pages":"42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aaai.12146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI-EDGE: An NSF AI institute for future edge networks and distributed intelligence","authors":"Peizhong Ju, Chengzhang Li, Yingbin Liang, Ness Shroff","doi":"10.1002/aaai.12145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aaai.12145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper highlights the overall endeavors of the NSF AI Institute for Future Edge Networks and Distributed Intelligence (AI-EDGE) to create a research, education, knowledge transfer, and workforce development environment for developing technological leadership in next-generation edge networks (6G and beyond) and artificial intelligence (AI). The research objectives of AI-EDGE are twofold: “AI for Networks” and “Networks for AI.” The former develops new foundational AI techniques to revolutionize technologies for next-generation edge networks, while the latter develops advanced networking techniques to enhance distributed and interconnected AI capabilities at edge devices. These research investigations are conducted across eight symbiotic thrust areas that work together to address the main challenges towards those goals. Such a synergistic approach ensures a virtuous research cycle so that advances in one area will accelerate advances in the other, thereby paving the way for a new generation of networks that are not only intelligent but also efficient, secure, self-healing, and capable of solving large-scale distributed AI challenges. This paper also outlines the institute's endeavors in education and workforce development, as well as broadening participation and enforcing collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7854,"journal":{"name":"Ai Magazine","volume":"45 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aaai.12145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139846785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ai MagazinePub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1002/aaai.12148
Jiajun Wu
{"title":"Physical scene understanding","authors":"Jiajun Wu","doi":"10.1002/aaai.12148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aaai.12148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current AI systems still fail to match the flexibility, robustness, and generalizability of human intelligence: how even a young child can manipulate objects to achieve goals of their own invention or in cooperation, or can learn the essentials of a complex new task within minutes. We need AI with such embodied intelligence: transforming raw sensory inputs to rapidly build a rich understanding of the world for seeing, finding, and constructing things, achieving goals, and communicating with others. This problem of physical scene understanding is challenging because it requires a holistic interpretation of scenes, objects, and humans, including their geometry, physics, functionality, semantics, and modes of interaction, building upon studies across vision, learning, graphics, robotics, and AI. My research aims to address this problem by integrating bottom-up recognition models, deep networks, and inference algorithms with top-down structured graphical models, simulation engines, and probabilistic programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7854,"journal":{"name":"Ai Magazine","volume":"45 1","pages":"156-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aaai.12148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ai MagazinePub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1002/aaai.12151
Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Jessica M. P. Bell, George Kantor, Nirav Merchant, Soumik Sarkar, Patrick S. Schnable, Michelle Segovia, Arti Singh, Asheesh K. Singh
{"title":"AIIRA: AI Institute for Resilient Agriculture","authors":"Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Jessica M. P. Bell, George Kantor, Nirav Merchant, Soumik Sarkar, Patrick S. Schnable, Michelle Segovia, Arti Singh, Asheesh K. Singh","doi":"10.1002/aaai.12151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aaai.12151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><span>AIIRA</span> seeks to transform agriculture by creating a new AI-driven framework for modeling plants at various agronomically relevant scales. We accomplish this by designing and deploying AI-driven predictive models that fuse diverse data with siloed domain knowledge. <span>AIIRA</span>'s vision, illustrated in Figure 1, consists of four technical thrusts with cross-cutting education, training, and outreach activities. Our activities are focused on theory, algorithms, and tools for the principled creation of goal-oriented AI tools deployed at plant and field scales. Our use-inspired AI developments are tightly integrated with USDA-relevant challenges in crop improvement and sustainable crop production. Our strong social science focus ensures sustained AI adoption across the ag value chain. Our cyberinfrastructure (CI) efforts ensure cohesive, sustainable, and extensible CI to reproducibly share and manage data assets and analysis workflows to a diverse spectrum of the Ag community. Taken together, this will ensure long-term payoffs in AI and agriculture. <span>AIIRA</span> has established a new field of <i>Cyber Agricultural Systems</i> at the intersection of plant science, agronomics, and AI. Our signature activities build the workforce for this new field through formal and informal educational activities. Through these activities, <span>AIIRA</span> creates accessible pathways for underrepresented groups, especially Native Americans and women.</p>","PeriodicalId":7854,"journal":{"name":"Ai Magazine","volume":"45 1","pages":"94-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aaai.12151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139790148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ai MagazinePub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1002/aaai.12143
Fernando P. Santos
{"title":"Prosocial dynamics in multiagent systems","authors":"Fernando P. Santos","doi":"10.1002/aaai.12143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aaai.12143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Meeting today's major scientific and societal challenges requires understanding dynamics of prosociality in complex adaptive systems. Artificial intelligence (AI) is intimately connected with these challenges, both as an application domain and as a source of new computational techniques: On the one hand, AI suggests new algorithmic recommendations and interaction paradigms, offering novel possibilities to engineer cooperation and alleviate conflict in multiagent (hybrid) systems; on the other hand, new learning algorithms provide improved techniques to simulate sophisticated agents and increasingly realistic environments. In various settings, prosocial actions are socially desirable yet individually costly, thereby introducing a social dilemma of cooperation. How can AI enable cooperation in such domains? How to understand long-term dynamics in adaptive populations subject to such cooperation dilemmas? How to design cooperation incentives in multiagent learning systems? These are questions that I have been exploring and that I discussed during the New Faculty Highlights program at AAAI 2023. This paper summarizes and extends that talk.</p>","PeriodicalId":7854,"journal":{"name":"Ai Magazine","volume":"45 1","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aaai.12143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}