Technical Physics最新文献

{"title":"Cold Gasdynamic Spraying for Repair of Engine Cooling System Radiators in Agricultural Machinery","authors":"N. V. Serov,&nbsp;O. M. Melnikov,&nbsp;S. P. Kazantsev,&nbsp;I. Yu. Ignatkin,&nbsp;A. V. Serov","doi":"10.1134/S1063784225700197","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063784225700197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Difficulties in the delivery of machinery, equipment, and spare parts, as well as the limitedness of financial resources for agricultural enterprises, necessitate upgrading of machine maintenance processes and technologies. The damage of radiators in the liquid cooling system of internal combustion engines is one reason for equipment failure. To develop a technique for mechanical damage repair, analysis of the radiator designs has been performed and prevailing defects have been revealed. It has been found that aluminum or copper‒brass radiators are most commonly used in the cooling system of internal combustion engines. Maun in-service defects are mechanical damage of internal combustion engine radiators in the form of leaky tubes and cooling tape (or plate) separation. These defects are most frequently removed by soldering with tin‒lead solders, blanking off leaky tubes, pouring polymer sealants into the cooling liquid, and taping. For the case of radiator mechanical damage, it has been suggested that cold gasdynamic spraying of a metallic layer is applied using a Dimet-405 setup. The surface was subjected to preliminary abrasive treatment by a K00-04-16 corundum powder. Optimal spraying conditions have been suggested: for A-20-11 powder at 100°C (regime 1) or 200°C (regime 2) and for C-01-11 powder at 200°C (regime 2) or 300°C (regime 3). The powder feed rate was 0.3 g/s. The strength of obtained joints was no lower than that of joints obtained using tin‒lead solder. A technique for leakage stopping and cooling tape‒tube contact restoration developed by the authors makes it possible to rapidly and reliably repair damaged radiators. The repair of radiators used in the engine cooling system will allow one to cut the machine down time.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":"70 3","pages":"84 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of Transformations of Biophysical Processes in the Caspian Sea by Wave Equations with Perturbed Delay","authors":"A. Yu. Perevaryukha","doi":"10.1134/S1063784225700227","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063784225700227","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This study is devoted to computational analysis of nonlinear biophysical processes with adaptation of methods of analysis of relaxational oscillations from the arsenal of models in technical physics. The method of computational modeling is developed with a modification of hybrid wave equations for biophysical processes with staging and critical transformation events, in which complex sporadic transient oscillations and wave fronts are generated abruptly. The prediction of spreading of alien organisms in a new environment is a topical problem in modern biophysical cybernetics. The processes occurring after the invasion of an alien biological agent with an extremely high reproductive potential for the new medium activate confrontation with mutual evolutionary adaptation of parties. New equations with delay are proposed for modeling the variants of development of oscillatory regimes in biological systems. During the invasion of a new species, the effect of destructive burst of population develops, which can be prolonged in time and space. Models have been constructed with account of the uncertainty factor in the rate of generation of the response to the intrusion of a dangerous species; however, the perturbation in this case is quite limited and does not actually lead to a stochastic dynamics of the biophysical process in autochthonous surroundings and alien intruder. The models presented here exhibit different behaviors with the emergence of bifurcations and cycles with different properties. The existence of nonlinear effects with a randomization of trajectories is contradictory. Iterative models often generate undesirable nonlinear regimes of the behavior in the prediction of the dynamics of invasive processes with account for a regulating action. The hybrid models a life cycle with evolution stages developed here fit into the proposed criteria of essential interpretation in biophysics and prediction of invasive processes in marine biosystems, which is typical of intrusions in the basin of the southern part of the Caspian sea at the Iran and Azerbaijan costs. The processes of change in the composition of fauna during the period of stagnation of the river runoff and expansion of invasive effects investigated here include an intricate complex of varying nonlinear dependences. We propose a computational algorithm as a predicatively redefinable trigger structure of equations with a hybrid representation of time, which are analyzed using scenarios in the representation of the computational scenario with a set of parameters, initial values, and the algorithm of the expert decision making concerning the change of action on the population. Using computational experiments, the actual scenario is described, which leads the biological system of a collapse with a controllable level of action; this is illustrated by the example of degradation of a unique biota of the Caspian Sea during the disturbance of the optimal hydrophysical situation and fresh water r","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":"70 3","pages":"102 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of the Physical and Mechanical Principles of Crankshaft Reconstruction","authors":"V. I. Balabanov,&nbsp;D. V. Dobryakov","doi":"10.1134/S1063784225700124","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063784225700124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper presents an analysis of operating conditions, main defects and restoration technologies for internal combustion engine (ICE) crankshafts including various types of surfacing and spraying such as electric arc, gas flame, detonation, and plasma which is subdivided in turn into induction and plasma-arc processes. It is noted that reliability metrics are better met by technologies for restoring parts with hardness ratios (НRС_r/НRС_n) and the fatigue strength limit (G_–1r/G_–1n) numerically greater than one compared to new parts. At the same time, none of the restoration technologies fully satisfies this indicator because the wear resistance of new crankshafts in most cases is higher than that of restored parts. The use of antifriction, wear-resistant and solid lubricant coatings applied by various methods, including finishing antifriction non-abrasive treatment (FANT), increases the resistance to wear, corrosion, and fatigue and improves running-in of rubbing machine parts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":"19 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Statistical Methods to Assess the Quality of the Machining Process","authors":"O. A. Leonov,&nbsp;N. Zh. Shkaruba,&nbsp;G. N. Temasova,&nbsp;D. A. Pupkova,&nbsp;L. A. Grinchenko,&nbsp;I. N. Kravchenko","doi":"10.1134/S106378422570015X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106378422570015X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The finishing processes in mechanical engineering are aimed at creating ideal surfaces of parts satisfying specifications, in particular their dimensions, but these processes carried out on actual equipment are subject to deviations from specified values. Statistical methods of quality control and management are a diagnostic tool for analyzing the causes of variations. The diameters of 20 crankshaft main journals of the ZMZ engine were investigated after machining for the repair size. The quality of machining crankshaft journals was evaluated sequentially using quality tools such as the box-and-whisker diagram, Shewhart control charts, and histograms. It was found from the box-and-whisker diagram that after machining for the repair size all the journals had the diameter within the machining tolerance field, but at the same time there was a scatter between journal diameters of the same crankshaft. An analysis of the Shewhart control charts established that the scatter values within one subgroup (crankshaft) and between subgroups were caused by usual reasons, and this scatter pattern can be considered random. Hence, the process can be considered stable and controllable. The histogram helped to determine the probability of 1.95% for recoverable rejects after machining the engine journal for the repair size and the probability of zero for unrecoverable rejects. The calculated reproducibility index of 0.93 indicates a significant wear of the equipment. The index will decrease over time and the risks of rejects will increase. The authors conclude that the quality of setting for machining crankshaft main bearing journals for the repair size is acceptable. It is recommended that the quality of machining crankshaft main journals for the repair size be checked regularly applying successively all three tools to identify the size variation and inconsistencies, which is particularly important for worn equipment.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":"70 2","pages":"61 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Installation for Humidifying Finely Dispersed Material: Justification of the Nozzle Rotation Angle and Liquid Spraying Time","authors":"A. V. Aleshkin,&nbsp;F. A. Kipriyanov,&nbsp;P. A. Savinykh","doi":"10.1134/S1063784225700082","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063784225700082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A drum-type installation for humidifying finely dispersed material is proposed. When implementing the installation concept at the stage of design and technological calculations, an important role is played by determining the rotation angle of the nozzle that sprays the humidifying liquid and the spraying time required to apply the liquid to the surface of the finely dispersed material layer. In order to implement the installation, mathematical calculations were performed, according to which, for a prototype humidifying installation with a drum with a diameter of 480 mm and a depth of 250 mm, a drum angular velocity of 1.256 rad/s, and a height of the humidified material layer corresponding to an angle of 0.42 rad, the calculated nozzle rotation angle was 0.39 rad. The liquid spraying time with the probability of droplet–particle interaction <i>P</i> = 0.95 was 126.9 s. To automate and simplify calculations when designing technological humidification lines, a program in Visual C# has been developed which allows calculating the nozzle rotation angle and liquid spraying time based on the characteristics of finely dispersed material and the geometric parameters of the drum. The calculation results obtained from the models are to be further verified by experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":"12 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metrological Support for Tolerance Control of Hole-Type Parts","authors":"O. A. Leonov,&nbsp;V. K. Zimogorsky,&nbsp;Yu. G. Vergazova,&nbsp;U. Yu. Antonova,&nbsp;D. O. Leonov","doi":"10.1134/S1063784225700148","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063784225700148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quality control is always based on certain physical principles and measurement methods. The parameter that affects any inspection is error produced by measuring instruments and methods. A measurement error may result in good parts being erroneously classified as defective and some defective parts being accepted. When inspecting main bearing diameters of a vehicle cylinder block, it is important to minimize the chance of inspection errors. Erroneous rejection of the main bearing support to the left or to the right of the tolerance limit will result in the need to replace the cylinder block. Erroneous acceptance of the support according to the smallest dimension can result in loose fit of the cap to the bearing and probable break. Erroneous acceptance of the main bearing support according to the largest size can lead to a gap between bearing shells and their subsequent play and rotation. In order to reduce the occurrence probability of these errors during tolerance control, the authors estimated erroneously accepted and erroneously rejected main bearings in detecting defects using NI 100-160 0.01; NI-PT160-0.001; and NIC-PT 160-0.002 inside calipers. Twenty cylinder blocks were analyzed and five main bearings were inspected in each of them. The use of NI-PT160-0.001 in repairs of 1000 YaMZ engines per year is estimated to reduce loss from erroneous rejection by 2.13 times and loss from erroneous acceptance by 1.88 times as compared with NI 100-160 0.01. The use of NIC-PT 160-0.002 is unpractical because of the possibility of increasing loss due to the difference in accuracy readability. The proposed methodology can be applied to detecting defects in other engine parts, for example, for monitoring the inner diameter of the cylinder liners and the big end of the connecting rod.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":"70 2","pages":"56 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System Analysis of Structured Complex for Oil Wastes Recycling System","authors":"M. Yu. Derevyanov","doi":"10.1134/S1063784225700112","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063784225700112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new approach to the system analysis of a structured oily waste (OW) recycling complex (RC) is proposed based on the Data Envelopment Analysis method that allows solving problems of choosing optimal processing technologies according to heterogeneous criteria of resource potential, environmental safety, resource and energy saving, and integrated efficiency. New classifications are presented for OW by sources in the oil and gas industry and by methods of OW recycling. An analysis was made of systemic problems involved in OW processing, which confirm the need to consider OW storage and processing facilities within a single system consisting of two subsystems of disposal and processing. The system-wide properties of the OW RC and the interconnections of their main elements are analyzed and the presence of stable links between the elements of the system is revealed. A methodology was developed for the system analysis and optimization of the OW RC, which consists of 10 consecutive stages and includes the development of databases and of special software, multivariate analysis and optimization, the use of artificial neural networks to speed up calculations, and the development of an information support system for science-based management decision-making. The results of testing the methodology for analyzing a RC consisting of 90 OW storage facilities and 14 processing technologies located within one region are shown. The results of solving problems of optimizing an OW recycling system by the criterion of maximum comprehensive efficiency taking into account constant and variable scale effects were obtained. The proposed approach can be extended to other regions of the Russian Federation with a developed oil and gas industry, where there is a need to take urgent measures to eliminate waste storages and improve the environmental situation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":"24 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Resonances of an Inhomogeneous Dielectric Ball Coated with Graphene","authors":"O. S. Skvortsov","doi":"10.1134/S1063784225700161","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063784225700161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of the work is the development, software implementation, and testing of algorithms designed to find resonant frequencies in an inhomogeneous dielectric ball coated with graphene. The relevance of the task is due to the widespread use of graphene in engineering due to its unique properties. The Galerkin method is applied to discretize a vector integrodifferential equation; piecewise-constant basis vector functions are determined on a three-dimensional body and on its surface, and a parallel algorithm for solving the problem is developed using the MSMPI library. The effectiveness of the parallel algorithm, which makes it possible to detect the sought resonances under specified conditions, has been confirmed. An effective parallel algorithm has been created for discretizing the integrodifferential equation, finding the determinant of the matrix, and searching for resonant frequencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":"70 2","pages":"67 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing the Efficiency of Selective Assembly through the Use of Digital Technologies","authors":"P. V. Golinitskiy,&nbsp;U. Yu. Antonova,&nbsp;E. I. Cherkasova","doi":"10.1134/S1063784225700100","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063784225700100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reliability and efficiency of equipment depend, among other things, on the operation of the cylinder–piston group (CPG)—the most frequently repaired unit in automotive and tractor engines. The quality of the CPG assembly is ensured by group interchangeability methods (selective assembly). In mechanical engineering, the human-readable marking of parts based on color schemes is insufficiently informative, so it is advisable to move from human-readable to machine-readable marking. In order to implement digital marking for spare parts and digital transformation of repair enterprises, the main quality indicators of CPG spare parts of engines and selective assembly of piston–liner joints of ZMZ-402 engines in 10 groups are considered. To improve the accuracy of the basic assembly conditions when implementing the method of intergroup interchangeability of CPG engines and automate the assembly process, it is proposed to use machine-readable marking based on a QR code or radio frequency tags. The advantages of a QR code are low cost of creation, fast readability of information, the ability to create a redundant QR code, high capacity, and the ability to read several tags simultaneously. Marking using radio frequency tags (RFID, NFC) allows encoding and reading information without direct contact. It is more resistant to mechanical impacts compared to a QR code. Significant disadvantages of radio frequency tags are the difficulty of reading when shielding the signal and the high cost of implementing this marking system. Digital marking of spare parts will help to forecast demand, improve automation, ease of use of warehouse databases and transparency of operations, and more accurately predict the timing and cost of repairs. Using a QR code together with the information environment (Internet catalog) of an enterprise will improve collection during selective assembly and reduce the likelihood of personnel errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":"37 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection of Electromechanical Energy Converters in Distributed Generation Systems against Emergency Modes: Analysis of Protection Methods","authors":"V. E. Bol’shev,&nbsp;A. V. Vinogradov,&nbsp;S. V. Kramskoi,&nbsp;S. I. Belov","doi":"10.1134/S1063784225700094","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063784225700094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reliability of electromechanical energy converters is a key point for power supply systems with distributed generation, especially for remotely located ones. In this paper, the existing and advanced methods of protecting converters against emergency modes, including voltage unbalance, are analyzed. The physical principles underlying these methods and their application in various fields, including power engineering and control systems, are considered. Special attention is paid to factors causing voltage unbalance and its effect on equipment. The advantages and disadvantages of techniques for reactive power compensation, as well as methods for improving the efficiency of active and hybrid filters, are considered. Recommendations are given for optimizing protection systems used in distributed generation sources with regard to the interdisciplinary context and possible applications in related fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":"70 2","pages":"43 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}