International journal of psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The Correlation between Plastic Surgery and Self-esteem in Iranian Females","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.05.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.05.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objective: The importance of the psychological aspects in plastic surgery has been well known since the second half of the 20th century. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the differences between those ‘seeking’ and those ‘non-seeking’ people for plastic surgery and also to survey the impact of surgery on the patient’s self-esteem. Methods: The samples selected by purposeful method and an age range (considered between 20-40 years) in two separate groups (30 persons seeking to have plastic surgery, and 30 persons not seeking (but needing) plastic surgery). The required data were collected through both the demographic and Kupper Smith’s self-esteem standard questionnaire, and the obtained data were analyzed by two independent t-test methods. Results: The obtained results signify that the hypothesis is verified to a confidence level of 95%, i.e. There were significant differences in scores of patients (M=34.90, SD= 5.90) and normal (M=37.63, SD= 3.54) given peoples’ self–esteems. Conclusion: Based on findings, the people who were seeking plastic surgery are more vulnerable to have a lower selfesteem, and those who are seeking plastic surgery have less self-esteem, than those who are “non-seeking”.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45146193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional and Feeding Aspects of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (Arfid): A Case Report","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.05.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.05.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To describe the nutritional, psychological and family aspects involved in the treatment of a patient with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID). Methods: Descriptive, exploratory, quali-quantitative case report. A semi-structured questionnaire, a 24-hour Dietary Recall, Body Mass Index Percentiles and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 were used to assess the dietary variables and nutritional status. Both patient‘s and mother’s psychological aspects were investigated by means of semi-structured interviews with descriptive analysis. Results: At the age of 12, patient did not eat fruits, salad and vegetables. Over two years of treatment, he was able to try food items from those groups and also a hypercaloric supplement. EAT-26 scored negative at the beginning and end of the treatment, however with a drop in the score. Nutritional status showed entropy in both occasions, but the final curve was closer to Percentile 50. The mother’s initial difficulties in respecting her son’s attempts towards autonomy were managed in psychological group meetings, which helped her to lower her anxieties and to stop overloading her son’s emotional development, which contributed to improve his relationship with food. Conclusion: Improvement in the relationship with food showed that the treatment was effective, and that family has an important role in (re)building healthy eating habits.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41457558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Life assessment of people with Epilepsy in COVID Pandemic","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.05.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.05.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"The lock down in COVID-19 affected India’s economy, health and quality of life, causing an indefinite standstill for the majority of major urban areas in India. Check out the different economic and health challenges faced by the urban populations of India and their lock down perceptions, CHD Group has conducted the Mangalore based global health organization this national evaluation survey. 604 respondents from 25 Indian states (including the Delhi and Jammu and Kashmir Union territories) were surveyed. The survey involved respondents from all the worst-hit countries, including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Ra, who had confirmed COVID-19 as on 1 May 2020. According to the CHD Group’s COVID-19 Lock down National Assessment Survey, 40% of India’s urban population is living in fear of unemployment. In addition, 15% of employed respondents do not receive the same monthly income during the lock-down period. A worryingly large proportion (48 %) of respondents face difficulties in accessing essential commodities during the lock-up. 21% faced difficulties in purchasing medicines, and 18% faced difficulties in accessing healthcare facilities, even in urban centres. Inadequate access to healthcare facilities during the lockdown may lead to potential exacerbations of their pre-existing illnesses. Furthermore, access constraints to medicines and healthcare facilities were highest among respondents from the states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, which also collectively account to nearly 60% of COVID-19 cases in India. (https://www.chdefforts.org/ publications/, 2020) Based on the situation, we planned the assessment of Quality of Life of People with Epilepsy during the COVID Pandemic.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41835014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Student and Physician Burnout in the Gulf Region: A Systematic Review","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.05.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.05.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physician burnout is highly prevalent throughout medical education, training and practice, and substantially comprises the personal and professional well-being of those affected. This report is the first to comprehensively review published studies on physician burnout coming from the Gulf Region, examining the manner in which burnout is diagnosed, prevalence rates, and unique risk factors. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review on studies of burnout among medical students, residents, general physicians, specialist physicians and consultant physicians in Arab Gulf countries (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Kingdom of Bahrain, Qatar, Yemen and Iraq). Results: Our results demonstrate the increased recognition of, and interest in, physician burnout in the Gulf Region. For the most part, our findings parallel reports from other regions around the world. While there is great variability in the reported rates of burnout, at least in part to the different ways burnout is measure and defined, most studies of medical student, resident and attending-level physicians report burnout rates of between 30-50% in each cohort. Findings related to risk factors are inconsistent. Some reports suggest that working in the same center for long time, time on-call, shift work, tests/examinations, unfair assessment from superiors, lack of support from superiors, work demands affecting personal/home life, less satisfaction with career, less satisfaction with income, disorganized patient flow to clinics, patient pressure and violence, more paper work, less cooperative colleagues and job insecurity all may be related to burnout. Personal factors like having chronic disease, taking psychotropic drugs, smoking, sleeping less than 6 hours, suffering from sleep deprivation, back pain or having social problems also are associated with burnout, while participating in sports and having hobbies seem protective. Paralleling reports from other regions of the globe, burnout in the Gulf Region is associated with physical, psychological and occupational disturbances. Conclusions: This systematic review of burnout in the Gulf Region confirms the universality of physican burnout regardless of age, gender, race, geography, religion, cultural background or positions in the medical job hierarchy, and the critical need to find effective preventative strategies.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48217612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fentanyl Abuse: A Literature Review","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.05.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.05.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Fentanyl is an opioid agonist with abuse potential. The overdose can begin suddenly,\u0000progress to death rapidly, and may have an atypical presentation with body and chest wall rigidity. This article aims to\u0000review the consequences of fentanyl abuse alone or in combination with other substances along with available treatment\u0000modalities.\u0000Methods: A literature search using the keywords “opioid addiction” or “fentanyl abuse” and “fentanyl overdose” and\u0000“fentanyl treatment” was conducted on PubMed. Additional data was gathered from the Centers for Disease Control and\u0000Prevention and other websites. Finally, 32 out of 310 articles were selected for the review. Our case report highlights\u0000the consequences of fentanyl abuse in combination with other substances.\u0000Case report: A 32 years old Caucasian female with a history of polysubstance use was admitted for community-acquired\u0000pneumonia after overdosing with fentanyl, heroin, and cocaine.\u0000Results: Fentanyl is often mixed with other substances and sold as heroin to unsuspecting users. Its abuse may cause\u0000life-threatening respiratory failure from an overdose.\u0000Discussion and Conclusions: In 2016, approximately 50% who died from an opioid overdose in the US were taking\u0000fentanyl, and 57% of those who tested positive for fentanyl or its analogs were positive for other drugs such as heroin.\u0000Naloxone kits distribution has reported significant overdose reversals.\u0000Scientific Significance: Opioid crisis, declared as an emergency by the federal government, is affecting public health.\u0000Prescribers have a major role in reducing overdose deaths by prescribing the lowest, effective dose with the shortest\u0000treatment duration.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47136660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Digital Addiction among Adolescent Cohorts, Understanding\u0000Contexts","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.05.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.05.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: People with addiction do not have control over their behavior, actions or usage. Their addiction may reach to a point\u0000that it is harmful. Addiction does not only involve the physical aspects such as drugs or alcohol but also includes abstract things,\u0000often described as a behavioral addiction. The causes of addiction differ considerably and are seldom fully understood. They are\u0000generally caused by varying degrees of physical, mental, circumstantial and emotional factors.\u0000Objectives: To study the electronic devise profile among children and adolescent in modern global cities such as Dubai and to study\u0000the prevalence and size of the addiction phenomena.\u0000Methodology: This study was carried out in Dubai, United Arab Emirates during the Global School Health Survey in 2015. The\u0000sample included 7000 students who were randomly selected (multistage stratified random sample) from 10 private schools in Dubai.\u0000Data collection was carried out by standard questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization which includes different\u0000health domains (addiction, and addiction to electronic devices). Ethical issues were followed up to standards. The questionnaire and\u0000consent forms were given to the participants who met the inclusion criteria. An information sheet was attached to the questionnaire\u0000explaining the purpose of the study. The students were assured that the confidentiality and privacy of the answers were maintained.\u0000No names, phone numbers, and identification are required. Data coding, data entry and data analysis has been conducted by using\u0000SPSS 20 software.\u0000Results: The present study revealed that 56% of school children aged 13-15 years old spend three hours or more a day using electronic\u0000games, and this percentage rises to nearly 63% with the age group 16-17 years. The study showed that children, who excessively use\u0000these games might face social, emotional and behavioral problems such as isolation, anxiety and depression. Pointing out that children\u0000may complain of psychological pressure, stress or dehydration and burning eye, due to constant staring with bright light across the\u0000screens of devices. Most students (68.7%) said they were on social media between one and five hours daily, while 3.3 per cent said\u0000they spend less than an hour. 39.8% of students stayed without food or drink for a long time and 50.5 % tried to quit social media\u0000last year but failed. 15% of students spend 4-8 hours on social media and 1.6% spend more than 10 hours. When the students were\u0000asked about how they feel of the burden on their daily life and social commitments, 60% of them replied that social media decreases\u0000their interaction with the outside environment and family time, 55.6% said it interfered with their homework. The study showed that\u0000more than one quarter (26.7%) or almost one out of four reach up to more than 6 hours per day and could sometimes reach up to 10\u0000in browsing and interacting with social media. The study reflected that more than 400 childre","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41577641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Containing Trauma: Protecting a Vital Construct from Overuse and Isolation","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.05.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.05.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Trauma has become a central concern in therapeutic and mental health practice. Using Australia as a specific site, this\u0000paper examines complications that are emerging in relation to this status. Initially, two general concerns are detailed:\u0000first, that trauma presents a changing phenomenology across time and place, and, second, that expansive diagnostic\u0000practices may be leading to excessive case-finding. Three major risks are then identified: (i) in certain circumstances a\u0000diagnosis of trauma can be disabling; (ii) narrowly technical approaches to treatment can discount the ethical context of\u0000trauma, and (iii) the importance of building the client’s capacity for trust and connectedness can be mislaid if an overly\u0000individualistic vision of treatment and recovery is adopted. Unless an exclusive focus on ‘the individual’ is contested,\u0000and ethical and contextual dimensions are acknowledged, it is argued the above difficulties will tend to compromise\u0000how trauma is theorized and treated.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45088327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Possibility of the Second Generation Antipsychotic-Olanzapine to Cause Severe\u0000Akathisia in a Drug Naive Patient -A Case Report","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.05.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.05.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Here we are presenting this case of 26 years old gentleman with no past psychiatric history who presented initially to\u0000the emergency department with anxiety and depressive symptoms in the context of ongoing stressors, diagnosed as a\u0000case of severe anxiety and started on neuroleptic medication.\u0000A few days later, it was reported by the family that the patient was moving around and only sit for a few minutes before\u0000starting to move again in response to an urge to keep moving. Barnes Akathisia-Rating Scale was administered and\u0000indicated severe akathisia.\u0000The patient started on Mirtazapine 15 mg and Propranolol 20 mg twice daily, and he dramatically improved in a few days.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44499080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to Help-Seeking in Suicidal Men: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.04.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.04.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incidence of suicide in the United Kingdom is at its lowest since 1981 though the number remains catastrophic (Office for National Statistics, 2018). In particular, high rates of male suicidality causes a level of controversy, suggesting inadequate health service provisions and on an individual level, poor help-seeking (Macdonald, 2011; Möller-Leimkühler, 2003). Research has suggested that two thirds of males who had died by suicide had not been in contact with a mental health service (Luoma, Martin & Pearson, 2002; Owens, Booth, Briscoe, Lawrence & Lloyd, 2003). Studies have also identified the homogenous difficulties males experience when accessing the required care for suicidal ideation (Foster & Wu, 2002). The current review aimed to provide an overview of the research in this area, pertaining to the barriers to help-seeking in men experiencing suicidal ideation. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed on Web of Science and PsychInfo using truncations of the terms (help-seek*, behaviour*, suicid*, male*). Results: Of the 522 articles identified 7 papers were eligible for review. All of the papers provided qualitative findings. A synthesis of the data identified four reoccurring themes: masculinity, stigma, self-medicating and mislabelling pathology and four sub themes: social humiliation and self-humiliation, incorrect identification and false rejections by clinicians. The current literature, though entirely qualitative and somewhat homogeneous, revealed that males with suicidality when help-seeking experience specific barriers. Conclusion: Although the available literature has provided themes for study on how self and societal appraisals may impact help-seeking behaviours in males, comparative quantitative and longitudinal studies are required imminently to increase understanding and approach this health crisis effectively.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43075667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Stress and Quality of Sleep Among Employees in Selected Industries","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijp.04.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijp.04.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Every person’s expectations or desire is to make their life physically and mentally strenuous. The obstacles\u0000which prevent the person from achieving them, which may be personal or environmental in nature, can make life stressful.\u0000Pressure at the workplace is unavoidable due to the demands of the contemporary work environment. Pressure perceived as\u0000acceptable by an individual, may even keep workers alert, motivated, able to work and learn, depending on the available\u0000resources and personal characteristics. However, when that pressure becomes excessive or otherwise unmanageable it leads\u0000to stress. Stress can damage an employees’ work performance and also this type of work pressures affect the employees\u0000quality of sleep.\u0000Aim: The main aim of the current study was to know the prevalence of stress and quality of sleep among employees.\u0000Materials and methods: Quantitative research approach was used for this study. 100 samples including male and female\u0000employees in industry were selected by simple random sampling technique. The data collection was done by using Standard\u0000Process Stress Assess and Modified Pittsburgh Rating Scale. The data were analyzed by using mann whitney.\u0000Result: The data reveals that out of 100 employees, 42 (42%) of them have low stress, 58 (58%) of them have moderate level\u0000of stress and there is no severe stress. 43 (43%) of them have mild sleeping disturbances, 57 (57%) of them have moderate\u0000sleeping disturbances and there is no severe sleeping disturbances.\u0000Conclusion: The main study was to assess the prevalence of Stress and quality of sleep among employees working in Industry.\u0000This study revealed that the prevalence of stress and sleeping disturbances high among employees.","PeriodicalId":78321,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45761025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}