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Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences最新文献

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Fiscal conditions and state government policy choices. 财政状况和州政府的政策选择。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1987-12-01
R J Newcomer
{"title":"Fiscal conditions and state government policy choices.","authors":"R J Newcomer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decentralization of public program administration and financing to subnational units of government is examined in the context of hospital and nursing home assistance programs in the United States. Do subnational governments (i.e., states) adapt service utilization controls and tighter program eligibility during periods of fiscal austerity? Are these actions affected by expenditure levels, state budget balances, tax revenues, and the state's proportion of low income persons? Published data covering the period 1978-1982 from each of the 50 U.S. states were analyzed using multiple regression. States with a low proportion of low-income persons and a high per capita tax base were likely to increase minimum income eligibility standards to keep pace with inflation. All other states, regardless of fiscal condition, tended toward more restrictive income standards. States were equally likely to adopt utilization controls for health and long-term care services regardless of state revenue or health expenditures.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"122-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14269497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender and race differences in effects of health and pension on retirement before 65. 健康和养恤金对65岁以前退休的影响的性别和种族差异。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1987-12-01
L L Belgrave, M R Haug, F X Gómez-Bellengé
{"title":"Gender and race differences in effects of health and pension on retirement before 65.","authors":"L L Belgrave,&nbsp;M R Haug,&nbsp;F X Gómez-Bellengé","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior work on early retirement has given inadequate attention to differences by gender and race in the influences of health and pension on the decision to leave the labor force before 65. A study of previously or currently employed black and white men and women aged 60 to 64 reveals that white males were most likely to be retired and black women the least. Bivariate analysis showed that activity limitations and the presence of chronic health conditions were related to early retirement for men, but not for women. Analysis of women by race showed that while white women who assessed their health as poor were likely to be retired, black women in poor health were apt to be still working. Pension coverage was unrelated to early retirement for both genders. Logistic regression was used to analyze the simultaneous effects of health, pension and race on men's and women's decisions to leave the labor force early, with other variables controlled. The results led to the conclusion that different motivations toward early retirement apply to women and men, and blacks as compared to whites.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"109-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14626552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medical care in the last year of life: a review of economic and ethical issues. 生命最后一年的医疗保健:经济和伦理问题的回顾。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1987-12-01
H L Lipton
{"title":"Medical care in the last year of life: a review of economic and ethical issues.","authors":"H L Lipton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article evaluates available data bearing on economic and ethical aspects of medical care in the last year of life. It analyzes limitations in the current literature and identifies areas where more research is needed. Available evidence indicates that medical expenditures in the last year of life are high. However, until studies are undertaken--analyzing the type of care dying patients receive and the appropriateness of care--one cannot conclude that the high cost of dying is due to overutilization of medical resources. Indeed, there is only a limited understanding of the factors influencing physicians' decisions to forgo or maintain life-sustaining treatments when caring for dying patients. Ethical questions posed by these decisions are identified. More comprehensive studies of these decisions - conducted in clinical practice settings and incorporating the nature and influences of patient and family preferences - are needed. Such studies would expand the current knowledge base and clarify the resolution of complex ethical dilemmas inherent in caring for dying patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14461062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Illness of spouse and psychological well-being in older adults. 老年人配偶疾病与心理健康。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1987-12-01
N Krause, K Markides
{"title":"Illness of spouse and psychological well-being in older adults.","authors":"N Krause,&nbsp;K Markides","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to determine whether illness of a spouse is a source of significant psychological distress for older adults. In addition, we also examine whether two intervening variables (chronic financial strain and chronic marital strain) might explain why this relationship exists. A final goal of this study was to determine whether gender differences exist in the relationships among these indicators. Findings from a random community survey of elderly people suggest that while illness of spouse exerts significant direct effects on depression for both older men and older women, the indirect effects through financial and martial strain are largely restricted to elderly women.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"105-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14626551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The use of proxy responses for aged patients in long-term care settings. 长期护理环境中老年患者代理反应的使用。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1987-12-01
J Magaziner, J R Hebel, J W Warren
{"title":"The use of proxy responses for aged patients in long-term care settings.","authors":"J Magaziner,&nbsp;J R Hebel,&nbsp;J W Warren","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the utility of proxy responses for aged residing in a long-term care institution, 106 non-severely cognitively impaired institutionalized patients and their designated proxies were interviewed using an identical interview schedule (53 pairs of patient-proxy interviews). Questions on selected diseases, symptoms and demographic characteristics were included and agreement between respondents and proxies was evaluated. Proxies attempted to provide information on most questions. For many medical diseases and demographic characteristics, proxies provided information which agreed with that provided by patients. However, proxies had more difficulty providing comparable answers about symptoms. It is concluded that a proxy's knowledge of a patient varies by topic. While proxy reports of specific diseases are consistent with the patient's responses, proxy reports of subjective items such as symptoms are not. Recommendations for future research in this area and the importance of these conclusions for other researchers relying on proxy reports are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"118-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14269496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Attitudes of health care personnel toward demented patients. 医护人员对痴呆患者的态度。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1987-12-01
S Aström, R Adolfsson, P O Sandman, I Wedman, B Winblad
{"title":"Attitudes of health care personnel toward demented patients.","authors":"S Aström,&nbsp;R Adolfsson,&nbsp;P O Sandman,&nbsp;I Wedman,&nbsp;B Winblad","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health care personnel (n = 724) working in psychogeriatric care, somatic and psychiatric long-term care, somatic and psychiatric general care and in homes for the aged, were interviewed by means of questionnaires evaluating attitudes and intentions regarding work with demented patients and education in their care. The overall attitude towards demented patients was positive. The largest numbers of personnel with positive attitudes were found in psychogeriatric care and somatic long-term care and the lowest in general medical and psychiatric care. The figure for positive attitudes in relation to education showed a similar figure for all categories. Given a free choice only 4% of the respondents had the intention of working solely with demented patients. A majority of the respondents reported that their knowledge of the care of demented patients came from clinical work. There is a strong need for further education.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"94-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14626553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optional early retirement as an alternative to involuntary layoffs: some observations on the Israeli experience. 选择性提前退休替代非自愿裁员:对以色列经验的一些看法。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1987-12-01
D Jacobson
{"title":"Optional early retirement as an alternative to involuntary layoffs: some observations on the Israeli experience.","authors":"D Jacobson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of optional early retirement (OER) in Israel is discussed in the context of the tendency to consider forms of voluntary work-force reductions as an alternative to dismissals and layoffs during organizational retrenchment. The pros and cons of OER are assessed from both the organizational and the individual points of view. Although much more palatable than involuntary dismissals, attention is called to the hidden costs of OER in terms of organizational effectiveness, the stigmatizing use of age as a selection criterion, and the unintended effects on individual well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"100-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14626550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognitive function, cognitive style and life satisfaction in a 68-year-old male population. 68岁男性人群的认知功能、认知方式与生活满意度。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1987-08-01
G Steen, B Hagberg, G Johnson, B Steen
{"title":"Cognitive function, cognitive style and life satisfaction in a 68-year-old male population.","authors":"G Steen,&nbsp;B Hagberg,&nbsp;G Johnson,&nbsp;B Steen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A representative sample of 68-year-old men living in the city of Malmö, Sweden, was examined by means of psychological tests and questionnaires regarding cognitive capacity, cognitive style as an expression of personality, and life satisfaction. Reference values for these parameters are presented, and a continuous cohort increase of verbal ability could be identified in this age group. That the prevalence of cognitive reduction was found to be surprisingly high is tentatively interpreted as reflecting an underdiagnosis of these symptoms as concomitant to other diseases in the general population. Earlier results supporting the concept of terminal decline could not be replicated. The reason for this might be that the present population was somewhat younger than those earlier investigated. Contrary to expectation, life satisfaction did not correlate to either cognitive reduction or cognitive style. It had, however, a positive correlation to measures of fluid intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"1 2","pages":"54-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14461122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Issues in the study of the quality of the elderly mother-adult daughter relationship. 老年母女关系质量问题研究。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1987-08-01
G Noam
{"title":"Issues in the study of the quality of the elderly mother-adult daughter relationship.","authors":"G Noam","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The quality of intergenerational relationships seems to be a relevant factor in assessing both the family's capacity to continue to provide care for elderly family members and the effectiveness with which it performs caregiving functions. The purpose of this paper is first, to raise several questions with regard to the quality of family ties to which we believe research should address itself. These include the implications of recent sociodemographic trends for quality, and the effects which variations in quality may have for various dimensions of the caregiving process. The literature and research on qualitative aspects of family relationships seems to suffer from basic conceptual and methodological limitations. Thus, this paper also aims at presenting a multidimensional conceptualization of quality which we believe is essential for identifying those specific aspects of relationships most significant in their impact on caregiving.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"1 2","pages":"68-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14461123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Patterns of memory performance in young-old and old-old adults: a selective review. 年轻人和老年人的记忆表现模式:选择性回顾。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1987-08-01
L G Nilsson, L Bäckman, A Herlitz, T Karlsson, P O Osterlind, B Winblad
{"title":"Patterns of memory performance in young-old and old-old adults: a selective review.","authors":"L G Nilsson,&nbsp;L Bäckman,&nbsp;A Herlitz,&nbsp;T Karlsson,&nbsp;P O Osterlind,&nbsp;B Winblad","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three experiments were discussed as a means of bridging the gap between biological and psychological data on aging and memory. Memory performances of young-old (73 year-old) and old-old (82 year-old) subjects were compared. The common denominator of these experiments was that contextual or cognitive support had been provided at study and/or test. The rationale behind discussing these experiments in the present context was that subjects should be able to use this support to focus attention on the critical aspects of the to-be-remembered information; thereby the subjects should be able to compensate for neurological degeneration pertinent to attentional difficulties. The nature of the differences between young-old and old-old subjects was found to vary among tasks. Study 1 demonstrated qualitative differences between young-old and old-old subjects, whereas Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated the differences to be merely quantitative in nature. Implications for memory training programs for the elderly were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"1 2","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14627579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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