Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences最新文献_第2页

Age differences in adults' scene memory: knowledge and strategy interactions. 成人情景记忆的年龄差异:知识与策略的相互作用。

Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-08-01

M Azmitia, M Perlmutter

{"title":"Age differences in adults' scene memory: knowledge and strategy interactions.","authors":"M Azmitia, M Perlmutter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Three studies explored young and old adults' use of knowledge to support memory performance. Subjects viewed slides of familiar scenes containing high expectancy and low expectancy items and received free recall (Experiments 1, 2, and 3), cued recall (Experiments 1 and 2), and recognition (Experiments 1 and 2) tests. In Experiment 1 encoding intentionality was varied between subjects. Young adults performed better than old adults on all tests, but on all tests, both age groups produced a similar pattern of better memory of high expectancy than low expectancy items and showed an encoding intentionality effect for low expectancy items. In Experiments 2 and 3 all subjects were told to intentionally encode only one item from each scene; the remaining items could be encoded incidentally. Young adults performed better than old adults, although again, the pattern of performance of the two age groups was similar. High expectancy and low expectancy intentional items were recalled equally well, but high expectancy incidental items were recalled better than low expectancy incidental items. Low expectancy intentional items were recognized better than high expectancy intentional items, but incidental high expectancy items were recognized better than incidental low expectancy items. It was concluded that young and old adults use their knowledge in similar ways to guide scene memory. The effects of item expectancy and item intentionality were interpreted within Hasher & Zacks' (2) model of automatic and effortful processes.","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 2","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14357678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Follow-up three years after intervention to relieve unmet medical and social needs of old people. 干预后随访三年，以缓解老年人未满足的医疗和社会需求。

Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-08-01

K H Sørensen, J Sivertsen

{"title":"Follow-up three years after intervention to relieve unmet medical and social needs of old people.","authors":"K H Sørensen, J Sivertsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A follow-up study was conducted 3 years after a socio-medical intervention had been performed as part of an epidemiological study of 75-, 80- and 85-year-old citizens of Copenhagen. The intervention was aimed at relieving unmet medical and social needs of this group of citizens. The main recipients of social services were the oldest, single persons and women. A preponderance of the oldest had unmet social needs, but the need for health intervention did not vary according to age or sex. Although a fifth of the participants displayed unmet health needs and a third unmet social needs, no difference could be demonstrated at follow-up between participants and controls with regard to mortality, hospitalization, and institutionalization. Nor could any difference be found regarding subjective health and economy, loneliness, quality of life and functional ability. This is in contrast to the findings of another recent Danish intervention study. On the basis of the present study and other Scandinavian intervention studies, the authors conclude that in countries with a well-developed social system, efforts to improve the living conditions of the elderly should be concentrated to those who are at particular risk. Also for ethical reasons individualized intervention is greatly preferable to general intervention. It is conceivable, however, that not all risk factors, perhaps not even the most important, can be eliminated by intervention.","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 2","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14357679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement of life satisfaction. Developing a life satisfaction scale. 生活满意度的测量。制定生活满意度量表。

Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-08-01

R K Salokangas, M Joukamaa, V Mattila

{"title":"Measurement of life satisfaction. Developing a life satisfaction scale.","authors":"R K Salokangas, M Joukamaa, V Mattila","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to develop a life satisfaction scale (LSS) suited for elderly Finnish people. The subjects were non-institutionalized elderly living in rural and urban areas in south-western Finland. They were interviewed for a prospective follow-up study (TURVA project) concerned with the psychosocial development of elderly people during retirement. Following the interview, the first version of the LSS was submitted to 339 respondents. It was completed and returned by 330 (97%). This version of the scale was then reduced to a 26-item version (LSS-A), which had a high reliability coefficient (Cronbach alpha 0.89). In factor analysis, LSS-A consisted of three main components: psychic balance, assessment of past life, and present happiness. An abbreviated 12-item scale (LSS-B) was also drawn up. When the number of items was reduced, the roles of psychic balance and present happiness were emphasized. The LSS, proved to be easy to use, its reliability was good, and the correlations between the sum score of LSS and the questions concerning life satisfaction in the interviews suggested fairly good validity. To further evaluate the validity and applicability of the scale, we need further studies in different types of elderly populations.","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 2","pages":"69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14357677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early retirement and work after retirement. Implications for the structure of the work society. 提前退休，退休后再工作。对工作社会结构的影响。

Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-04-01

H J Freter, M Kohli, J Wolf

引用次数: 0

Quality of life in old age. A population study of elderly in Copenhagen. 老年生活质量。哥本哈根老年人的人口研究。

Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-04-01

K H Sørensen, H D Pedersen

引用次数: 0

Age structure, the life course and "aged heterogeneity": prospects for research and theory. 年龄结构、生命历程与“年龄异质性”:研究与理论展望。

Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-04-01

D Dannefer, R R Sell

{"title":"Age structure, the life course and \"aged heterogeneity\": prospects for research and theory.","authors":"D Dannefer, R R Sell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A widespread generalization in the study of aging is that old people are the most heterogeneous of any age group on a wide variety of characteristics. This phenomenon has several implications for thinking about aging. First, if cohorts or age strata vary systematically in their distributions on a given characteristic, then the dominant practice of comparing them primarily on measures of central tendency may obscure significant aspects of aging. Second, attention to systematic differences in variability points to the need to distinguish life-course, cohort and period dynamics in the production of patterns of variability. From a life-course perspective the construction of intracohort trajectories of variability for successive cohorts can disentangle these potentially confounded processes. Examining intracohort variability as outcome, we consider several hypothetical trajectories of variability, describe the kinds of processes likely to underlie each, and suggest hypothetical examples of characteristics to which each may apply. Finally, we consider the possible influence of age strata differences in intrastratum variability upon other aspects of social structure and upon individual aging.","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14311032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Home care and intermittent care--a realistic alternative to nursing-home care? 家庭护理和间歇性护理——疗养院护理的现实选择?

Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-04-01

H Berthold, S Landahl, A Svanborg

引用次数: 0

Change in subjective age among the elderly: an eight-year longitudinal study. 老年人主观年龄的变化:一项为期8年的纵向研究。

Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-04-01

K S Markides, L A Ray

引用次数: 0

ADL-reduction and need for technical aids among 70-year-olds. From the population study of 70-year-olds in Göteborg. 70岁老人的adl降低和技术辅助需求。来自Göteborg对70岁老人的人口研究。

Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-04-01

G Gosman-Hedström, A Aniansson, G B Persson

{"title":"ADL-reduction and need for technical aids among 70-year-olds. From the population study of 70-year-olds in Göteborg.","authors":"G Gosman-Hedström, A Aniansson, G B Persson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Six hundred and nineteen persons from the population study of 70-year-olds \"The intervention study of the elderly in Göteborg\" (IVEG) were examined. They were interviewed in their home environment concerning their ability to manage activities of daily living (ADL), and the definition \"ADL-reduction\" is based on seven of these ADL-measurements. One third of the 70-year-old population had reduced ADL-capability, some only slightly. Joint disorders, paresis and congestive heart failure were the most common problems among the ADL-reduced subjects. Forty-three per cent of the ADL-reduced subjects (19% of total) received help with their personal care and/or housekeeping. One third had technical aid, mostly quite simple and inexpensive. Half were provided with new technical aids. The need for technical aids and home help service was noted and intervention undertaken as and when necessary. The needs were correlated to physical activity and performance in functional tests. The results do not illustrate the occurrence of handicap but are aimed at illustrating the special needs that elderly people may have in their normal surroundings.","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14311034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A study of loneliness among a national sample of Swedish elderly. 瑞典老年人的孤独研究。

Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-04-01

L C Mullins, H L Sheppard, L Andersson

引用次数: 0