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Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences最新文献

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Paying informal caregivers. 付钱给非正式的看护者。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-12-01
S Lingsom
{"title":"Paying informal caregivers.","authors":"S Lingsom","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of economic incentives in informal care exchanges is examined in the context of Norway's highly but not fully developed welfare state. Informal care has traditionally been unpaid. This may be changing. A random sample of 490 urban, working and lower middle class persons, 70 years of age and over, has shown that the majority feel that long-term help from neighbors should be paid and a substantial minority feel that adult children should be paid for short-term help as well. One in five elderly recipients of informal care reported paying for help. The observed gap between pro-payment attitudes and current payment practices suggests that there may be obstacles hindering the elderly from paying informal caregivers. Payment appears to be related to the legitimacy of requesting assistance which, in a welfare state, involves the use of formal supports to minimize informal care burdens.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 3","pages":"117-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14357559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health status and medical consumption of rural and urban elderly. 城乡老年人健康状况与医疗消费。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-12-01
R J Perenboom, C J Lako, E G Schouten
{"title":"Health status and medical consumption of rural and urban elderly.","authors":"R J Perenboom,&nbsp;C J Lako,&nbsp;E G Schouten","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health status and medical consumption by the elderly seem to be dependent on the place of residence. Several studies have shown that rural elderly are less healthy, but make less use of health services than urban elderly. In this study it has been found that in The Netherlands differences in health and use of health services between both groups are very small, but also that rural elderly have a better health than urban elderly and that these rural elderly make less use of health services. Explanations for this phenomenon cannot be found in differences in income, social contacts, social participation or care delivery systems. Migration also cannot explain the differences. Possible explanations are sought in the urbanization of the rural area. The small differences might be due to the operationalization of the concept urbanization.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 3","pages":"124-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14357560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intermittent care for old patients--when should it be offered? 老年患者的间歇性护理——何时提供?
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-12-01
H Berthold, S Landahl, A Svanborg
{"title":"Intermittent care for old patients--when should it be offered?","authors":"H Berthold,&nbsp;S Landahl,&nbsp;A Svanborg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An inventory was made among 229 elderly individuals in out- and in-patient care, community care and social welfare. The aim was to investigate the patients' possibilities and interest for intermittent nursing home care in order to avoid or postpone permanent institutional care. The patients were assessed as to physical and mental health and social conditions. Intermittent care was thought to be appropriate for 81 of these patients (35%). After an interview of the patients and cohabiting relatives, 21 patients (9%), mainly out-patients, took a positive interest in this form of care. The in-patients were mostly too ill, and patients in community care found intermittent care interesting but were not prepared for this form of rehabilitation and preferred to wait despite risk of acute deterioration. The most suitable and interested patients and relatives were found among those in day hospital and those on the waiting list for geriatric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 3","pages":"135-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14357562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of selective attention in the visuo-spatial memory of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type. 选择性注意在阿尔茨海默型痴呆患者视觉空间记忆中的作用。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-12-01
I A Stuart-Hamilton, P M Rabbitt, A Huddy
{"title":"The role of selective attention in the visuo-spatial memory of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type.","authors":"I A Stuart-Hamilton,&nbsp;P M Rabbitt,&nbsp;A Huddy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The visuo-spatial memories of groups of dements suffering from Alzheimer's disease (DAT) and multi-infarct dementia (MID) were compared with those of low-IQ but non-dementing elderly volunteers. In contrast to the other two groups, the DAT subjects were hindered when extra visual information was available as a memory aid. Similarly, DAT subjects' performance on a visual search task was worsened when the displays were made more varied. The concept that DAT patients' visuo-spatial memory problems may be due to a failure of selective attention is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 3","pages":"129-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14357561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-rated health among the elderly. A comparative analysis of health status measures, leisure activities and social contacts in age/sex groups. 老年人自评健康状况。年龄/性别群体的健康状况测量、休闲活动和社会交往的比较分析。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-12-01
D Pilpel, S Carmel, D Galinsky
{"title":"Self-rated health among the elderly. A comparative analysis of health status measures, leisure activities and social contacts in age/sex groups.","authors":"D Pilpel,&nbsp;S Carmel,&nbsp;D Galinsky","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A comparative analysis of self-rated health (SRH) by demographic characteristics, health status measures, leisure activities and social contacts was performed in four age/sex groups of elderly. The relative contribution of each group of variables to the explained variation in SRH was assessed using multiple regression analyses. A stratified sample drawn in an Israeli city led to 606 structured home interviews. The results show that: 1) for all groups the strongest correlates with SRH are health status measures, 2) for all groups the weakest correlates with SRH are demographic variables, 3) a significant relationship is found between SRH and age at immigration only for younger males, and 4) the explanatory power of social contacts and leisure activity variables varies significantly among the different groups. These factors explain relatively more of SRH in the younger age groups, and especially among younger males. Such findings suggest careful analyses of concepts in different socio-demographic groups for theoretical reasons and for purposes of planning health promotion community programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 3","pages":"110-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14357682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relationship between depression and agitation in nursing home residents. 养老院居民抑郁与躁动的关系。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-12-01
J Cohen-Mansfield, M S Marx
{"title":"Relationship between depression and agitation in nursing home residents.","authors":"J Cohen-Mansfield,&nbsp;M S Marx","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nursing staff and social workers independently rated the manifestations of agitation and depression in 408 nursing home residents. The role of dementia was also investigated. The relationship between agitation (3 factors: aggressive, physically nonaggressive, and verbally agitated) and depression (2 factors: social functioning and depressed affect) was examined. While residents who manifested either aggressive behavior (e.g., hitting, cursing) or physically nonaggressive behaviors (e.g., general restlessness, pacing) tended to be more cognitively impaired, aggressive behaviors were negatively related to the social functioning aspect of depression, and physically nonaggressive behaviors were not related to either aspect of depression. Verbally agitated individuals were more cognitively intact and displayed depressed affects. It is conceivable that depressed affect was perceived only in verbally agitated residents since these persons were able to communicate their depression to caregivers. This result raises questions concerning the meaningfulness of depression measurements in noncommunicative residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 3","pages":"141-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14357563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determinants and predictors of heavy alcohol consumption among aging Finnish men. 芬兰老年男性大量饮酒的决定因素和预测因素
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-12-01
S L Kivelä, A Nissinen, S Punsar, P Puska, M Karvonen
{"title":"Determinants and predictors of heavy alcohol consumption among aging Finnish men.","authors":"S L Kivelä,&nbsp;A Nissinen,&nbsp;S Punsar,&nbsp;P Puska,&nbsp;M Karvonen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim was to identify socioeconomic, health behaviour, and health factors associated with or predicting heavy alcohol consumption in late middle age (55-74 years) or in old age (65-84 years). The material included a follow-up study of two cohorts of Finnish males resident either in eastern or south-western Finland. The main variables associated with heavy alcohol consumption in late middle age were: relatively young age and heavy smoking. The main associated variables in old age were good mental and physical capacity, occurrence of chronic bronchitis, the absence of certain cardiac diseases, and heavy smoking. Heavy smoking was the main predictor of heavy alcohol consumption 5-25 years later; alcohol consumption 10 years earlier was also an important predictor. Some regional differences were found in associated or predictive variables. The results suggest that, with the exception of alcohol consumption itself and heavy smoking, socioeconomic, health and other health behaviour factors are not very important in explaining or predicting heavy alcohol consumption among aging Finnish men. Drinking and smoking habits were closely related in these aging or aged men.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 3","pages":"103-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14357681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-care in health and in illness. 健康和疾病方面的自我照顾。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-08-01
N L Chappell, L A Strain, M Badger
{"title":"Self-care in health and in illness.","authors":"N L Chappell,&nbsp;L A Strain,&nbsp;M Badger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper focuses on self-care, both expectations and actual behaviours, as health behaviour and as illness behaviour among a random sample of elderly individuals living in the community in a Canadian city (n = 743). The conceptualization of both health and illness behaviour follows Mechanic's (1,2) definition of illness behaviour as selective, interpretive, and evaluative. The data reveal a gap between intentions and behaviours, with elderly individuals de-emphasizing the importance of self-care and overemphasizing the importance of professional contact in their intentions compared with their behaviours. Further, self-care as health and as illness behaviour are uncorrelated with one another. Virtually all individuals engage in some health maintenance behaviours. Approximately two-thirds engage in self-care or do nothing as an initial response to common ailments. While different correlates emerge for each, health beliefs are significantly related, irrespective of whether it is health or illness behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 2","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14357680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Earnings inequality over the work career. 职业生涯中的收入不平等。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-08-01
S H Beck
{"title":"Earnings inequality over the work career.","authors":"S H Beck","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One common finding in analyses of inequality is that older workers exhibit higher levels of inequality than younger workers (excluding very young workers). The common assumption has been that this is an \"aging\", or more specifically, experience, effect, but this has rarely been investigated. In terms of a substantive explanation of such an aging effect, only the human capital perspective presents an explicit theory of why earnings inequality increases with age. This perspective is reviewed and criticized and an alternative perspective, based on a structural approach, is presented. A \"restricted cohort analysis\" is undertaken with the use of PSID data on earnings and wages from the early 1970s and early 1980s. The analysis generally supports the notion that as cohorts age over the work career earnings dispersion increases, although period and cohort effects may also be present. Within-cohort inequality was decomposed using broad occupational classes, with the results showing that age differences are partly due to increasing earnings/wage differentials between occupations. Discussion centers around implications of these findings for future research on income and earnings inequality/determination and the impact of aging on these economic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 2","pages":"54-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14199117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Older Canadians in Florida. The social networks of international seasonal migrants. 佛罗里达州的加拿大老年人。国际季节性移民的社会网络。
Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences Pub Date : 1988-08-01
V W Marshall, C F Longino
{"title":"Older Canadians in Florida. The social networks of international seasonal migrants.","authors":"V W Marshall,&nbsp;C F Longino","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focuses on selected aspects of the social networks of older Canadians who are seasonal migrants to Florida, using a large respondent pool solicited from the readership of a newspaper serving the Canadian population in Florida. Findings such as the high rate of home ownership and the geographic stability of their Florida destination indicate the degree of integration in Florida. The respondent's contact with family members is relatively high while in Canada but considerably lower when in Florida. However, for a minority of respondents, a seasonal migration brings them closer to family members. This reduction of family contact is compensated by new friendships formed in the predominantly age-homogeneous residential environment of Florida. It is clear that older Canadians who winter in Florida have strong social networks when they are away from home.</p>","PeriodicalId":77914,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive gerontology. Section B, Behavioural, social, and applied sciences","volume":"2 2","pages":"63-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14357676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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