Self-care in health and in illness.

This paper focuses on self-care, both expectations and actual behaviours, as health behaviour and as illness behaviour among a random sample of elderly individuals living in the community in a Canadian city (n = 743). The conceptualization of both health and illness behaviour follows Mechanic's (1,2) definition of illness behaviour as selective, interpretive, and evaluative. The data reveal a gap between intentions and behaviours, with elderly individuals de-emphasizing the importance of self-care and overemphasizing the importance of professional contact in their intentions compared with their behaviours. Further, self-care as health and as illness behaviour are uncorrelated with one another. Virtually all individuals engage in some health maintenance behaviours. Approximately two-thirds engage in self-care or do nothing as an initial response to common ailments. While different correlates emerge for each, health beliefs are significantly related, irrespective of whether it is health or illness behaviour.