{"title":"Development of Lunar Soil Simulant for Sintering Experiments","authors":"I. A. Agapkin, E. M. Sorokin, E. V. Matveev","doi":"10.1134/S0038094624602202","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0038094624602202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lunar regolith is considered as a primary raw material for potential infrastructure construction on the Moon. To test additive manufacturing methods, it is necessary to create lunar regolith simulants that replicate its chemical and mineralogical composition. Among terrestrial materials, volcanic ash shows the closest resemblance to regolith. The ash from the Tolbachik volcano possesses chemical and mineral composition similar to lunar regolith. A soil simulant has been developed, featuring a chemical and mineralogical composition that combines both mare and highland characteristics of lunar regolith. Testing of this simulant was performed using laser sintering technology. Successful sintering experiments with Tolbachik volcano tephra enabled production of a component with an average microhardness value of 630 HV.</p>","PeriodicalId":778,"journal":{"name":"Solar System Research","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Radiotomography Algorithms for the Study of Electron Clouds in the Ionosphere and Structures in the Dusty Plasma using Low-Orbital Satellite Systems","authors":"A. M. Krot, I. E. Savinykh","doi":"10.1134/S0038094624602196","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0038094624602196","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The processes of dispersion and absorption accompanying the propagation of an electromagnetic wave lead to the fact that the radio signal slows down and weakens when passing through electron plasma in the ionosphere as well as through dusty plasma. The article solves the problem of restoring both the electron concentration in the ionosphere and dusty plasma particle concentration based on radio signals from satellite systems. The derivation of analytical relations for determining the total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere (as well as the total particle content (TPC) in the dusty plasma) is considered based on the retranslation of radio signals of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) on two frequencies using a small-sized CubeSat retransmission satellite. Methods for calculating TEC both from direct satellite signals and based on cross-retransmission using a small-sized retransmission satellite are considered. In spite of the investigations of electron plasma in ionosphere and dusty plasma are based on different principles, this paper shows that mathematical basis of the radio tomography and the restoration algorithms for its implementation occur the same for these cases under consideration. Analytical relations are given and calculation algorithms are described. As a result, two computational radiotomography algorithms and respective software have been built using various tomography restoration methods, namely, the slice theorem and the method of back projection.</p>","PeriodicalId":778,"journal":{"name":"Solar System Research","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimate of Core-Powered Mass-Loss of Primary Atmosphere of the Mini-Neptune (Ocean Planet) HD 207496b","authors":"R. A. Evdokimov, V. I. Shematovich","doi":"10.1134/S0038094624602172","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0038094624602172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study presents modeling results of the primary atmosphere loss for the young mini-Neptune HD 207496b under the influence of thermal flux from its core, with a significant mass fraction of water in its composition. For exoplanet HD 207496b, (Barros et al., 2023) considered two internal structure scenarios: (1) a rocky (iron–silicate) core surrounded by a hydrogen–helium envelope, and (2) an ocean world with an iron core, silicate mantle, and extended water mantle. Both scenarios demonstrate potentially high efficiency of hydrogen–helium atmosphere loss through photoevaporation. Evdokimov and Shematovich (2025) evaluated the escape of the primary hydrogen–helium envelope via an alternative mechanism—thermal flux from the core. Their results showed that for a rocky core with a primordial hydrogen–helium atmosphere under the adopted model parameters, this mechanism proves insufficiently effective and should not significantly impact the gaseous envelope’s evolution. This work demonstrates that if HD 207496b currently represents a rocky core covered by a water mantle with a steam atmosphere (ocean world), the thermal flux from the planetary interior could have driven substantial loss of its primary hydrogen–helium atmosphere within the first few to tens of millions of years of evolution. The remaining primary gaseous envelope would subsequently undergo erosion via photoevaporation. Thus, HD 207496b’s evolutionary history may have included distinct phases dominated by different atmospheric loss mechanisms. The study reveals that atmospheric loss efficiency strongly depends on both the core radius and its internal energy. These parameters require refinement and are linked to interior structure models (including subsurface temperature profiles) as well as potential additional energy sources—core compression, radiogenic heating, and tidal heating.</p>","PeriodicalId":778,"journal":{"name":"Solar System Research","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S0038094624602172.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum to: Pulkovo Observations of the Major Planets, Their Satellites and Pluto","authors":"E. V. Pitjeva, D. A. Pavlov","doi":"10.1134/S0038094625600301","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0038094625600301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":778,"journal":{"name":"Solar System Research","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Flux of Differentiated Meteorites to the Earth","authors":"K. A. Lorenz, A. M. Abdrakhimov, D. A. Sadilenko","doi":"10.1134/S0038094624602044","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0038094624602044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The meteorites of th<b>e</b> SNC group are presumed to be of Martian origin. The meteorites of the HED group (Howardites, Eucrites, Diogenites) are believed to come to Earth from the asteroid Vesta and asteroids of its family (Vestoids). The flux of differentiated SNC and HED meteorites to the Earth was estimated based on an analysis of distribution of meteorite falls and finds by mass. The fluxes of the SNC (50 pc/yr, 70 kg/yr) and HED (800 pc/yr, 260 kg/yr) meteorites are comparable in mass to the lunar meteorite flux (90 pc/yr, 110 kg/yr) despite very favorable conditions for transporting ejecta from lunar craters to the Earth compared to Mars and the asteroid belt. The amount of ejecta from Mars craters potentially capable of reaching the Earth is about two orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding amount of the Moon ejecta generated over the same time period. But the transport velocity of matter from the Moon to the Earth is also higher by about two orders of magnitude. It may be the main factor that levels the fluxes of matter from these bodies. The similarity of fluxes from the Moon and from an even more distant body, Vesta, is most likely due to the formation on Vesta and Vestoids at low gravity of a larger mass of crater ejecta moving to heliocentric orbits intersecting with the Earth’s orbit. The relative content of HED meteorites of different types in the flux to the Earth corresponds to the data of spectral mapping of Vesta’s surface by the Dawn spacecraft. The flux of SNC meteorites does not match the composition of the Mars surface as studied by Mars rovers and orbiting spacecraft. In general, the fluxes of matter from Mars and Vesta as well as from the Moon did not affect the composition of the Earth’s crust during its formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":778,"journal":{"name":"Solar System Research","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. T. Basilevsky, A. S. Krasilnikov, Yuan Li, G. G. Michael
{"title":"Comparison of the Surface Morphology of the Floors of Craters near the Pole and at Mid-Latitudes of the Moon","authors":"A. T. Basilevsky, A. S. Krasilnikov, Yuan Li, G. G. Michael","doi":"10.1134/S0038094624601671","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0038094624601671","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The surface morphology of the permanently shadowed floors of near-polar craters Faustini, Shoemaker, and Haworth and the regularly illuminated floors of craters Macrobius and Boss was studied on the basis of the photogeologic analysis of images acquired with the ShadowCam onboard the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter and the Narrow Angle Cameras of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LROC NAC), as well as with the use of the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) measurement data. It has been shown that craters with diameters from tens to hundreds of meters dominate the surface morphology of the floors of all five craters studied. On the inner slopes of the craters, both shadowed in near-polar craters and regularly illuminated in nonpolar craters, an undulating surface texture resembling an elephant hide is observed. On the floors of craters Macrobius and Boss, there are gently sloping hills, while such hills are absent on the floors of craters Faustini, Shoemaker, and Haworth; i.e., the floors of the studied near-polar craters are flatter on the scale of a few kilometers. On the floors of near-polar craters, craters with lobate rims are observed. Formation of these rims are apparently connected with the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O ice in the target material. Craters of this kind represent only a few percent of the total number of craters considered. They are located in different places of the studied areas and differ in size, which apparently suggests that water ice in the target material is unevenly distributed over the area and depth of occurrence. On the floors of craters Macrobius and Boss, there are rare craters, which somewhat resemble the lobate morphology. This observation requires further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":778,"journal":{"name":"Solar System Research","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. P. Shcherbina, N. N. Kiselev, N. V. Karpov, E. A. Zhuzhulina
{"title":"Results of Polarimetric Monitoring of Near-Earth Asteroids at the 2.6-m KrAO Telescope and the 2-m Telescope of the Terskol Peak Observatory","authors":"M. P. Shcherbina, N. N. Kiselev, N. V. Karpov, E. A. Zhuzhulina","doi":"10.1134/S0038094624601968","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0038094624601968","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article presents preliminary results of polarimetric monitoring of near-Earth asteroids (NEA), carried out with 2.6-meter telescope of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and the 2-meter telescope of the Terskol Peak Observatory. As part of the observations, 19 phase dependences of NEA polarization were obtained, and for such data were obtained for the first time for 17 asteroids, which significantly supplemented the existing polarimetric database. Near-Earth asteroids can be observed at large phase angles, which allows us to significantly expand our knowledge of the phase dependences of asteroids of different spectral classes—S, C and E. An asteroid with an extremely high degree of polarization, 25 330 (1999 KV4), has been discovered, reaching 38.5% at a phase angle of 75.7°, which suggests the presence of sublimation-dust activity. In addition, asteroids 52768 and 159402 exhibited similar orbital parameters and polarization values, suggesting that they are parts of the same parent body.</p>","PeriodicalId":778,"journal":{"name":"Solar System Research","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S0038094624601968.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of the Preliminary Orbit in the Coplanar Case","authors":"V. B. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.1134/S0038094624602068","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0038094624602068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An algorithm for finding a solution to determine a preliminary orbit with a very small inclination to the ecliptic plane is proposed. The method proposed by the author is based on solving a system of transcendental equations for three variables. Solutions to the system are found by searching for the minima of the objective function using the Nelder–Mead method for a simplex. As an example, the results of determining the orbit of asteroid 255 447 (2005 YN24) are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":778,"journal":{"name":"Solar System Research","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenqi Wang, Zhongmiao Sun, Bin Guan, Jianguo Yan, Jean-Pierre Barriot
{"title":"Simulation Analysis of Precise Orbit Determination of Cislunar Space Probe Based on Two-Way Range-Rate and Laser Ranging","authors":"Zhenqi Wang, Zhongmiao Sun, Bin Guan, Jianguo Yan, Jean-Pierre Barriot","doi":"10.1134/S0038094625600015","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0038094625600015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the future, cislunar space will become a hot spot for human space science research. Precise orbit determination of cislunar space probes can provide a guarantee for the implementation of exploration missions and space debris early warning. Currently traditional two-way range-rate observation are dominant tracking mode for the cislunar space probes. High-precision laser ranging is a potentially important tool to carry out orbit determination in cislunar space. By designing simulation schemes using only two-way range-rate and the combination of two-way range-rate and laser ranging, the orbit determination accuracies of the circumlunar orbits and the Earth–Moon libration points’ orbits are compared and analyzed, the results show that the incorporation of laser ranging data obviously improves the orbit determination accuracy. The laser ranging data enhances the precision of orbit determination for both the circumlunar circular and large eccentricity elliptical orbits, achieving accuracy within tens of centimeters. Similarly, it refines the accuracy of the distant retrograde orbit (DRO) and orbits around the Earth–Moon libration points to within tens of meters. The more laser ranging data we collect, the more significant the improvement in accuracy will be. It can be considered that laser ranging has an important application value in the precise orbit determination of cislunar space probes.</p>","PeriodicalId":778,"journal":{"name":"Solar System Research","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determining the Physical Masses of Exoplanets Observed by Radial Velocity Measurements: A Review of Methods and Solutions, Results, and New Questions from Published Data","authors":"A. G. Demin, V. I. Ananyeva, A. V. Tavrov","doi":"10.1134/S0038094624601622","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0038094624601622","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A review of scientific publications devoted to the mathematical problem of transition from distributions of minimum masses of exoplanets discovered by the radial velocity method to their distribution by physical masses is presented. The methods for solving this problem, both analytical and numerical, are described, and the results obtained are discussed. In conclusion, some unresolved issues requiring further discussion are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":778,"journal":{"name":"Solar System Research","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}