JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-06-01

引用次数: 0

Overview of proposed revisions to the superfund hazard ranking system. 对超级基金风险排序系统的修订概述。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466564

S Caldwell, A Ortiz

引用次数: 2

EPA sets up two-year pilot program for tracking medical waste. 环保署设立了追踪医疗废物的两年试点计划。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-05-01

引用次数: 0

Health effects of ozone. A critical review. 臭氧对健康的影响。批判性的评论。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466554

M Lippmann

{"title":"Health effects of ozone. A critical review.","authors":"M Lippmann","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466554","url":null,"abstract":"Health and pollution control professionals and the general public need to develop a more complete understanding of the health effects of ozone (O3) because: 1) we have been unable to significantly reduce ambient O3 levels using current strategies and controls; 2) in areas occupied by more than half of the U.S. population, current peak ambient O3 concentrations are sufficient to elicit measurable transient changes in lung function, respiratory symptoms, and airway inflammation in healthy people engaged in normal outdoor exercise and recreational activities; 3) the effects of O3 on transient functional changes are sometimes greatly potentiated by the presence of other environmental variables; and 4) cumulative structural damage occurs in rats and monkeys exposed repetitively to O3 at levels within currently occurring ambient peaks, and initial evidence from dosimetry models and interspecies comparisons indicate that humans are likely to be more sensitive to O3 than rats. The extent and significance of these effects, and the multibillion dollar costs of ambient O3 controls need to be considered in any future revisions of ambient standards and the Clean Air Act. The transient effects of O3 are more closely related to cumulative daily exposure than to one hour peak concentrations, and future revisions of the ambient standard for O3 should take this into account. The effects of long-term chronic exposure to O3 remain poorly defined, but recent epidemiologic and animal inhalation studies suggest that current ambient levels are sufficient to cause premature aging of the lungs. More research is needed to determine the need for a standard with a seasonal or annual average concentration limit.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"39 5","pages":"672-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13802281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 542

Inter-urban comparison of ambient volatile organic compound concentration in U.S. cities. 美国城市环境挥发性有机化合物浓度的城市间比较。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466561

S A Edgerton, M W Holdren, D L Smith, J J Shah

引用次数: 68

Effects of oxidant air pollutants on pulmonary surfactant using two isolation procedures. 两种方法分离氧化性空气污染物对肺表面活性物质的影响。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466547

B J Finlayson-Pitts, L L Sweetman, W J Mautz

{"title":"Effects of oxidant air pollutants on pulmonary surfactant using two isolation procedures.","authors":"B J Finlayson-Pitts, L L Sweetman, W J Mautz","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466547","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately three decades ago, pulmonary surfactant (PS) was shown to lower the surface tension of the liquid layer lining the lung's alveolar surface. It is important in preventing alveolar collapse and pulmonary edema and abnormalities is PS are associated with hyaline membrane disease in newborns and respiratory distress syndrome in adults. A number of studies have investigated the effects of oxidant exposure on the chemical composition of lavage fluids from which cellular debris has been removed by low speed centrifugation; however, few of these studies have incorporated additional centrifugation steps for isolation of PS from the lavage fluid. The goal of our work was to determine whether or not additional centrifugation steps in the isolation of PS from the lavage fluid would alter either the fatty acid composition, or the observed changes in it, on exposure to the combination of the air pollutants, O{sub 3} and NO{sub 2}. We found that both the initial composition and the observed changes on exposure were sensitive to the use of additional sucrose density gradient centrifugation (SDGC) steps.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"39 4","pages":"479-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13864098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Applications of a method for setting air quality standards based on epidemiological data. 基于流行病学数据制定空气质量标准方法的应用。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466542

D E Abbey, G L Euler, J K Moore, F Petersen, J E Hodgkin, A R Magie

{"title":"Applications of a method for setting air quality standards based on epidemiological data.","authors":"D E Abbey, G L Euler, J K Moore, F Petersen, J E Hodgkin, A R Magie","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466542","url":null,"abstract":"A method for setting air quality standards for long-term cumulative exposures of a population based on epidemiological studies has been developed. It uses exposure estimates interpolated from monitoring stations to zip code centroids, each month applied to zip code by month residence histories of the population. Two alternative cumulative exposure indices are used--hours in excess of a threshold, and the sum of concentrations above a threshold. The indices are then used with multiple logistic regression models for the health outcome data to form dose response curves for relative risk, adjusting for covariates. These curves are useful for determination of at what exposure amounts and threshold levels, effects which have both statistical and public health significance begin to occur. The method is applied to a ten year follow-up of a sub cohort of 7,343 members of the National Cancer Institute-funded Adventist Health Study. Up to 20 years of residence history was available. Analysis for prevalence of symptoms was conducted for four air pollutants--total oxidants, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and total suspended particulates. For each pollutant, cumulated exposures were calculated above each of five different thresholds. Statistically significant effects were noted for total suspended particulates, total oxidants, sulfur dioxide, past and passive smoking.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"39 4","pages":"437-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13864096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Environmental litigation. 环境诉讼。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-04-01

G A Rodenhausen

引用次数: 0

Biomedical waste incineration. 生物医学废物焚烧。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-04-01

D P Chang, D Hickman

引用次数: 0

Government agencies directory. 政府机构目录。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-04-01

引用次数: 0

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