JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466624

B D Ostro, M J Lipsett, N P Jewell

{"title":"Predicting respiratory morbidity from pulmonary function tests: a reanalysis of ozone chamber studies.","authors":"B D Ostro, M J Lipsett, N P Jewell","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466624","url":null,"abstract":"Some consequences of acute exposure to ozone are best measured in studies of human respiratory responses in controlled exposure chambers. These studies typically examine relationships between exposures to alternative pollutant concentrations and indicators of lung function as measured by spirometry, such as forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1. However, the association of respiratory morbidity with these changes in lung function is not well established. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between ozone-related changes in pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms, data from several clinical studies have been reanalyzed. Logistic regression models were used to determine the quantitative relationship between changes in FEV1 and the probability of a mild or moderate lower respiratory symptom. Models were developed that corrected for repeated sampling of individuals and both population-averaged and subject-specific effects were determined. The results indicate the existence of a strong and consistent quantitative relationship between changes in lung function and the probability of a respiratory symptom. Specifically, a 10 percent reduction in FEV1 is associated with a 15 percentage point increase in the probability of a mild, moderate or severe lower respiratory symptom and a 6 percentage point increase in the probability of a moderate or severe lower respiratory symptom.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"39 10","pages":"1313-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466624","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13728686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Alteration in carboxyhemoglobin concentrations during exposure to 9 ppm carbon monoxide for 8 hours at sea level and 2134 m altitude in a hypobaric chamber. 在海平面和海拔2134米的低压舱内暴露于9 ppm一氧化碳8小时时，碳氧血红蛋白浓度的变化。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466626

S M Horvath, J F Bedi

{"title":"Alteration in carboxyhemoglobin concentrations during exposure to 9 ppm carbon monoxide for 8 hours at sea level and 2134 m altitude in a hypobaric chamber.","authors":"S M Horvath, J F Bedi","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466626","url":null,"abstract":"Seventeen non-smoking young men served as subjects to determine the alteration in carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentrations during exposure to 0 or 9 ppm carbon monoxide for 8 hours (CO) at sea level or an altitude of 2134 meters (7000 feet) in a hypobaric chamber. Nine subjects rested during the exposure and 8 exercised for 10 minutes of each exposure hour at a mean ventilation of 25 L (BTPS). All subjects performed a maximal aerobic capacity test at the completion of their respective exposures. Carboxyhemoglobin concentrations fell in all subjects during their exposures to 0 ppm CO at sea level or 2134 m. During the 8-h exposures to 9 ppm CO, COHb rose linearly from approximately 0.2 percent to 0.7 percent. No significant differences in uptake were found whether the subjects were resting or intermittently exercising during their 8-h exposures. COHb levels attained were similar at both sea level and 2134 m. Maximal aerobic capacity was reduced approximately 7-10 percent consequent to altitude exposure during 0 ppm CO exposures. These values were not altered following exposure for 8 h to 9 ppm CO in either the resting or exercising subjects.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"39 10","pages":"1323-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13728687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Time-resolved identification and measurement of indoor air pollutants by spectroscopic techniques: gaseous nitrous acid, methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid. 用光谱技术对室内空气污染物的时间分辨识别和测量:气态亚硝酸、甲醇、甲醛和甲酸。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466629

J N Pitts, H W Biermann, E C Tuazon, M Green, W D Long, A M Winer

引用次数: 40

Indoor exposure to airborne particles and nitrogen dioxide during an air pollution episode. 空气污染期间室内暴露于空气中的颗粒物和二氧化氮。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-10-01

G Hoek, B Brunekreef, P Hofschreuder

引用次数: 0

The impact of add-on catalytic devices on pollutant emissions from unvented kerosene heaters. 附加催化装置对无排气煤油加热器污染物排放的影响。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466617

M G Apte, G W Traynor, D A Froehlich, H A Sokol, W K Porter

引用次数: 5

Valveless sampling of ambient air for analysis by capillary gas chromatography. 毛细管气相色谱分析用环境空气无阀取样。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466612

E R Stephens

引用次数: 4

Health effects of ozone. Critical review discussion papers. 臭氧对健康的影响。关键的评论讨论文件。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466603

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of canisters for measuring emissions of volatile organic air pollutants from hazardous waste incineration. 有害废物焚化中挥发性有机空气污染物排放测量罐的评价。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466614

A R Gholson, J F Storm, R K Jayanty, R G Fuerst, T J Logan, M R Midgett

{"title":"Evaluation of canisters for measuring emissions of volatile organic air pollutants from hazardous waste incineration.","authors":"A R Gholson, J F Storm, R K Jayanty, R G Fuerst, T J Logan, M R Midgett","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466614","url":null,"abstract":"Regulation to control air emissions of toxic organic compounds require the collection and analysis of effluent gas from low level sources such as hazardous waste incinerators. The standard SW-846 Method specifies the use of Tenax and Tenax/charcoal adsorbent traps for collection of volatile organics from incinerators. This study evaluates passivated stainless steel canisters as an alternative to adsorbent traps to eliminate some of the problems associated with adsorbent sampling. Initially the stability of 18 nonpolar, volatile organic compounds was determined in Summa-treated stainless steel canisters with greater than 100 ppmv HCl and saturated with water vapor. All 18 components were stable for a two-week period; however, an interference caused a 10-fold increase in the FID response of trichloroethylene, toluene, and chlorobenzene. No interference of the ECD response was found for any of the 11 compounds detected with the ECD including trichloroethylene. A pilot scale incinerator was sampled using canisters, and the destruction efficiency of 1,1,1-trichloroethane was determined at a concentration of less than 0.5 ppbv while determining 1,1-dichloroethylene, the major product of incomplete combustion, at a concentration of 8000 ppbv from the same sample.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"39 9","pages":"1210-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466614","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13728691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Potentially allergenic airborne particles in the vicinity of a yeast and penicillin production plant. 酵母菌和盘尼西林生产厂附近可能引起过敏的空气传播颗粒。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466594

L Preller, A Hollander, D Heederik, B Brunekreef

引用次数: 3

The need for a more robust ozone air quality standard. 需要更严格的臭氧空气质量标准。

JAPCA Pub Date : 1989-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466591

D P Chock

{"title":"The need for a more robust ozone air quality standard.","authors":"D P Chock","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466591","url":null,"abstract":"The present National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone has many statistical problems, including use of extreme values which have inherent large fluctuations, a compliance test that can gradually lower the target of the design value below the standard level, and inconsistencies between the number-of-exceedances criterion and the design value. The above problems can be avoided or minimized by using a more robust statistic, such as the 95th percentile, and applying a statistical compliance test, without sacrificing the stringency of the standard. Analysis of EPA's ozone data shows that the annual 95th percentiles and their three-year means have less variability than the annual second highest values and the fourth highest values in three years, respectively. At t test for the mean of the annual 95th percentiles is proposed for compliance testing not only to preserve the averaging concept of the present standard, but also to take account of ozone concentration fluctuations in order to increase the stability of the compliance status of a site or a Metropolitan Statistical Area. A procedure is provided to adjust the level of the 95th-percentile standard so that the stringency of the present standard is preserved.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"39 8","pages":"1063-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13933455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

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