Michael G. Aman, Carolyn J. Field, Geoffrey D. Bridgman
{"title":"City-wide survey of drug patterns among non-institutionalized mentally retarded persons","authors":"Michael G. Aman, Carolyn J. Field, Geoffrey D. Bridgman","doi":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80068-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80068-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This was a survey of 1,012 non-institutionalized mentally retarded persons living in a medium-sized metropolitan area. The sample was drawn from special schools and two service agencies in Auckland that serve preschool and adult retarded people. These are the main organizations serving this population in Auckland, and collectively they include a large proportion of non-institutionalized retarded individuals in this city. A comprehensive summary of current medication was obtained for each subject. A variety of demographic, medical, social, and sleep data were collected and, where appropriate, information was gathered regarding time elapsed since the last seizure. Two percent of preschoolers, 3% of special school students, and 14% of adults were receiving psychotropic drugs. Anticonvulsant drugs were prescribed for 31% of preschoolers, 17% of special school cases, and 18% of the adults. A large proportion of the demographic, medical, and social/ sleep variables were associated with drug prescription patterns. These factors were discussed with respect to other surveys, and possible explanations were offered to account for their relationship to pharmacotherapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77671,"journal":{"name":"Applied research in mental retardation","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 159-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80068-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15126284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John M. Parrish, Brian A. Iwata, Robert B. Johnston
{"title":"Training professionals to record proceedings of interdisciplinary team conferences","authors":"John M. Parrish, Brian A. Iwata, Robert B. Johnston","doi":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80073-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80073-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77671,"journal":{"name":"Applied research in mental retardation","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 247-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80073-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15127047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-concept measurement in mentally retarded adults: A micro-analysis of response styles","authors":"Andrea G. Zetlin, M. Jean Heriot, Jim L. Turner","doi":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80065-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80065-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory were administered orally to 46 mentally retarded adults employed in a sheltered workshop. In-depth analysis of transcripts of the taped testing sessions revealed that the majority of the item responses were ambiguous and not readily scorable within the standardized procedures. Characterization of the problematic response patterns indicated assorted qualifications, contradictory assertions, and responses which had little relevance to the item content. Of those factors that might account for these ambiguous responses, it appears that social desirability, acquiescence, personal agendas, recipient design errors, and lack of item comprehension are among the most salient.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77671,"journal":{"name":"Applied research in mental retardation","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 113-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80065-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15126281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edward A. Konarski Jr., Charles R. Crowell, Leo M. Duggan
{"title":"The use of response deprivation to increase the academic performance of EMR students","authors":"Edward A. Konarski Jr., Charles R. Crowell, Leo M. Duggan","doi":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80019-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80019-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research was designed to evaluate the proposed advantages of response deprivation s the basis for establishing reinforcement schedules in applied sellings. In Experiment 1, response deprivation was used to improve the cursive writing of six EMR children, using math as the contingent response. The results suggested that writing improved in schedules that produced response deprivation and when the children were given corrective feedback on their performances. In Experiment 2, reversibility of reinforcement was investigated in four EMR children working on math and writing tasks. The students were sequentially presented two reinforcement schedules that produced response deprivation; however, the instrumental and contingent responses were reversed from the first to the second. Consistent with the response deprivation view, the results indicated an increase in instrumental responding in both schedules, which suggests that reversibility of reinforcement can be achieved simply by changes in schedule requirements. In summary, the results of both experiments offered support for response deprivation as an alternative method of producing reinforcement in educational settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77671,"journal":{"name":"Applied research in mental retardation","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 15-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80019-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15108319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A multielement analysis of contingent versus contingent-interrupted music","authors":"L. Dawn Allen, Mary C. Bryant","doi":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80024-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80024-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A multielement design was employed to evaluate the comparative effects of contingent music and contingent-interrupted music procedures. Two profoundly mentally retarded children who attended a community day training center participated. During the contingent music procedure, access to brief periods of listening to music was contingent upon the display of a specified criterion of appropriate behavior. Alternately, during the contingent-interrupted music procedure, access to music was provided at the beginning of the session, and it remained on until an inappropriate behavior occurred. The two procedures were implemented to decrease crying and increase unsupported sitting. The multielement design required that each procedure and a baseline condition be alternated across sessions. Results demonstrated that the contingent-interrupted music procedure was more effective for both reducing crying and increasing proper sitting. Implications for research with music as a reinforcer were discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77671,"journal":{"name":"Applied research in mental retardation","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 87-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80024-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15108322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Lifestyle Satisfaction Scale (LSS): Assessing individuals' satisfaction with residence, community setting, and associated services","authors":"Laird W. Heal , Janis Chadsey-Rusch","doi":"10.1016/0270-3092(85)90022-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0270-3092(85)90022-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Satisfaction of mentally retarded persons with their quality of life is an important outcome measure of deinstitutionalization. The Lifestyle Satisfaction Scale (LSS) was developed to assess mentally retarded persons' satisfaction with their residence and its community setting and associated services. An acquiescence sub-scale makes it possible to correct satisfaction scores for acquiescence bias. Empirical data indicate that this experimental version of the LSS has internally consistent subscales and good test-retest and interrater reliabilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77671,"journal":{"name":"Applied research in mental retardation","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 475-490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0270-3092(85)90022-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15185476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increasing independent mobility skills for a woman who was severely handicapped and nonambulatory","authors":"Ruth I. Walker, R. Timm Vogelsberg","doi":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80069-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80069-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a woman who was nonambulatory and severely handicapped was taught to get out of her wheelchair and cruise around a table. She was provided with instructional feedback, repeated practice, and appropriate social reinforcement to acquire the cruising skill. Repeated practice was provided when she was unable to perform the behavior independently. Data were collected on the following behavior clusters: Look (look forward, hold on to the chair, and slide forward); <em>Put</em> (put your feet down, stand up, and put your hands down); and Move (move your feet, move your hands, repeat, and sit down). The results of the multiplebaseline/withdrawal design indicated that instructional feedback, repeated practice, and appropriate social reinforcement were sufficient to teach the cruising skill. Future research was suggested in instructional feedback, repeated practice, and appropriate social reinforcement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77671,"journal":{"name":"Applied research in mental retardation","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 173-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80069-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14290496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computerized instruction of beginning receptive language skills","authors":"Jason R. Dura","doi":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80064-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80064-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77671,"journal":{"name":"Applied research in mental retardation","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages I-VI"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0270-3092(85)80064-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56141822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guest reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0270-3092(85)90029-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0270-3092(85)90029-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77671,"journal":{"name":"Applied research in mental retardation","volume":"6 4","pages":"Page 501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0270-3092(85)90029-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137080270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}