{"title":"CNS involvement in leukaemia. An autopsy study of 100 consecutive patients.","authors":"M Bojsen-Møller, J L Nielsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The central nervous system has been examined in a consecutive autopsy material of 100 adult patients with acute (N = 67) or chronic (N = 33) leukaemia. In all patients the disease was active at the time of death, infiltrating several organs, and in 45% of the cases CNS was involved. 81% of the patients with ALL had leukaemic infiltrates in CNS, and in the total AML group they were seen in 46% (P less than 0.05). A comparison between the subtypes of the AML group revealed CNS involvement in 39% of M1 + M2 and in 69% of M4 + M5 (P less than 0.05). Only in a single case of CML was the central nervous system affected, whereas 8 of 16 patients with CLL has CNS involvement. Furthermore, other pathological findings such as haemorrhages and infarcts were registered at the time of death in 33% of all patients. Terminal neurological symptoms could be ascribed either to leukaemia, other CNS pathology or a combination of both. The rate of CNS involvement is higher than reported in similar studies, and it is supposed that this may partly be ascribed to the inclusion of the spinal cord in this investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77652,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology","volume":"91 4","pages":"209-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17631249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DNA cytometry of primary breast cancer. Comparison of microspectrophotometry and flow cytometry, and different preparation methods for flow cytometric measurements.","authors":"S D Fosså, E Thorud, S Vaage, M C Shoaib","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 18 biopsy specimens from human breast carcinoma a comparison was made between DNA measurements obtained by microspectrophotometry (MSP) of Feulgen-stained nuclei in imprints and flow cytometry (FCM) of nuclei stained with ethidium bromide. For each specimen FCM was performed both with ethanol-fixed cells and unfixed cells. In addition, single cell suspensions were made from other 11 fresh mammary cancer biopsies. Parts of these suspensions were analysed both by MSP (Feulgen-stained smears) and FCM (ethanol-fixed, mitramycin-stained cells). The MSP histograms show selected tumour cells and tumour-like cells. This explains the higher proportion of cells with DNA content above the 2 c level. A good agreement was found between the results obtained by MSP and FCM with regard to the ploidy of the DNA stemline(s). FCM of fixed cells (multiple-step procedure) yielded a slightly lower proportion of diploid cells than FCM of the unfixed cells (one-step procedure), probably owing to loss of small cells during the different preparation steps. It is concluded that the results from DNA-histograms obtained from MSP and FCM can be compared as to DNA-stemline ploidy of the cell population but not as to the proportion of cells with non-diploid DNA-content.</p>","PeriodicalId":77652,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology","volume":"91 4","pages":"235-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17918342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tumours in Iceland. 7. Malignant epithelial tumours of the lung. A histological classification, epidemiological considerations and relation to smoking.","authors":"J Hallgrímsson, H Thórarinsson, H Tulinius","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All malignant epithelial tumours of the lung submitted for a histological diagnosis in Iceland during the 20 years, 1955-1974, and available for review, were typed histologically according to the World Health Organization Classification originally published in 1967 and later revised and republished in 1981. The series includes 355 tumours, 217 from males and 138 from females, and 78 per cent of all registered malignant tumours of the lung. Among males the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma was about equal and adenocarcinoma was in the third place. Among females the incidence of adenocarcinoma was the highest and that of small cell carcinoma in second place, other types being much less frequent. During the period there was a rise in the incidence of all the major histological types in both sexes and the greatest rise was in adenocarcinoma, where the incidence doubled in males and tripled in females. Among European nations the incidence of lung carcinoma is the lowest for Icelandic males and the highest for Icelandic females. There is a close correlation between the sale of cigarettes and the incidence of lung carcinoma in Iceland. Among those lung carcinoma patients with known smoking histories, all with small cell carcinoma, almost all with squamous cell carcinoma and four out of five with adenocarcinoma were smokers.</p>","PeriodicalId":77652,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology","volume":"91 3","pages":"203-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17366768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H O Nielsen, K Lauritsen, M G Hansen, L A Christiansen
{"title":"Gastrin production following antrectomy. A study on the occurrence of gastrin-producing cells and the serum gastrin response to feeding.","authors":"H O Nielsen, K Lauritsen, M G Hansen, L A Christiansen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fifteen patients were studied 3 to 35 years after antrectomy, with a gastroduodenal (Billroth I (BI)) anastomosis in 8, and a gastrojejunal (Billroth II (BII)) anastomosis in 7. The investigations included gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin response to feeding and immunohistochemical search for gastrin-producing cells in gastric remnant mucosal biopsies. All of the patients had hypochlorhydria. The gastrin response to feeding was minimal. Apart from a significantly higher value of serum gastrin 3 hours post-prandial in BI operated as compared to BII operated patients, no greater differences were found in the gastrin production between the two groups of patients. No gastrin-producing cells could be identified in the gastric remnant, not even in areas of pseudopyloric metaplasia. It is concluded that the gastrin production following antrectomy is caused by extragastric G-cells; these cells are poorly stimulated by food, and do not respond to hypochlorhydria with hypergastrinaemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":77652,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology","volume":"91 3","pages":"161-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17909782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histopathological grading in soft-tissue tumours. Relation to survival in 261 surgically treated patients.","authors":"O Myhre-Jensen, S Kaae, E H Madsen, O Sneppen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A system for histopathological grading of malignancy in soft-tissue sarcoma is described in detail, and the importance of the grade of tumour in predicting survival is demonstrated in a consecutive series of 261 surgically treated patients with sarcoma of the somatic soft tissue. Mitosis index is the main discriminating criterion. Delay in fixation, for instance in large specimens, may cause an artificially low mitosis index calling for the need of other criteria, too, reflecting grade of malignancy: cellularity, anaplasia, number of pycnotic and/or fragmented nuclei. There is a significant difference in survival between the three grades, 10 years survival with surgical treatment alone is 97%, 57% and 29% for grades 1, 2 and 3 respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":77652,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology","volume":"91 2","pages":"145-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17895858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ploidy and proliferation patterns in colo-rectal adenocarcinomas related to Dukes' classification and to histopathological differentiation. A flow-cytometric DNA study.","authors":"B Tribukait, C Hammarberg, C Rubio","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cellular DNA pattern in 66 colo-rectal adenocarcinomas was studied by means of flow-cytometric DNA analysis. The degree of ploidy and the proportion of cells in S-phase were related to the clinical stage according to Dukes' classification and to the histological differentiation. Multiple cell populations were found in about 60 per cent of the tumours but more frequently in advanced clinical stages. According to the DNA index the cell populations were bimodally distributed with one peak in the diploid-peridiploid region and one peak in the tri- to tetraploid region. In the second group there was a higher frequency of more advanced tumours as compared to the first. The proportion of cells in S-phase was higher in pure diploid tumour cell populations of all clinical stages as compared to normal mucosa but lower as compared to peridiploid and aneuploid cell populations with high DNA index. High as well as low S-phase values may occur in all clinical stages, but a significant higher mean value was found for Dukes' C compared to Dukes' B tumours. Distant metastases occur at all DNA indices and with various S-phase values. In conclusion, tumours of different clinical stages and histological differentiation may be subdivided according to DNA index, to the existence of single or multiple cell populations and to the proportion of cells in S-phase. The biological significance of this subdivision can only be evaluated by means of clinical follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":77652,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology","volume":"91 2","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17895860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Segmental localization of kallikrein-like pro-phe-arg-naphthylester esterase in the rat nephron.","authors":"K Kimura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A synthetic substrate for kallikrein, pro-phe-arg-naphthylester, was used in order to identify histochemically kallikrein-like enzyme-containing segments of the nephron in the rat kidney. The localization was technically facilitated by comparing sections histochemically incubated with neighbouring freeze-dried sections and by semiquantitative evaluation of the enzyme activity performed. In the proximal tubules, the enzyme activity increased from the first segment to the third segment which exhibited the most pronounced activity encountered. In the proximal convoluted tubules the enzyme activity was present mainly in the deep half of the cortex. This was generally weaker in the other segments of the nephron where enzyme activity was present. In the descending thin limb of Henle, weak activity was noticed in a few initial segments. However, in the ascending thick limb of Henle, more pronounced enzyme activity was shown. In the macula densa, the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct, very weak activity was observed in a few segments. Below the demarcation between the outer stripe and the inner stripe of the medulla, no enzyme activity was noticed. This is the first description of the exact tubular localizations of kallikrein-like enzyme activity in the nephron.</p>","PeriodicalId":77652,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology","volume":"91 1","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17606620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Campylobacter enterocolitis. An important differential diagnosis in ulcerative colitis.","authors":"A Vesterby, U Baandrup, N O Jacobsen, K Albertsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77652,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology","volume":"91 1","pages":"31-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17879856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) in gastric adenocarcinomas. Morphologic patterns and their relationship to a histogenetic classification.","authors":"K Nielsen, P S Teglbjaerg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) was studied in 92 consecutive cases of gastric adenocarcinoma, using the two-layer conjugated immunoperoxidase technique. Three characteristic patterns of CEA localization were identified. Type I: Intracytoplasmatic granules covering the entire cytoplasm of the malignant cells. Type II. Linear or granular deposits along the glycocalyx or in the apical cytoplasm of the malignant cells. Type III: Tumour cells negative for CEA or only showing a very weak reaction in a few cells. These CEA patterns were significantly related to the histogenetic classification of gastric adenocarcinomas proposed by Mulligan & Rember. The majority of the \"mucus cell carcinomas\" showed the type I CEA pattern. \"Intestinal cell carcinomas\" predominantly showed the type II CEA pattern and the \"pyloro-cardiac gland carcinomas\" the type III CEA pattern. The significance of the CEA patterns in respect of the histogenetic classification is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77652,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology","volume":"90 6","pages":"393-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17252285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H J Aho, T J Nevalainen, V T Havia, R J Heinonen, A J Aho
{"title":"Human acute pancreatitis: a light and electron microscopic study.","authors":"H J Aho, T J Nevalainen, V T Havia, R J Heinonen, A J Aho","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The histology and ultrastructure of resected pancreas from seven patients suffering from acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis were studied. Special attention was paid to necrotic acini and zymogen granules. Acinar cells in the border of necrotic and non-necrotic parenchyma contained lipid droplets, autophagic vacuoles, bundles of intermediate filaments and degenerated cell organelles, including zymogen granules, PAS-positive material derived from secretory proteins was situated in dilated acinar lumina and in the interstitium, and proved to be fibrillar in fine structure. There were thrombosed vessels and extravasated erythrocytes at the border of the parenchymal necrosis. Bundles of intermediate filaments were often the only identifiable structures in the severely necrotic acinar cells. The amount of lipid was decreased in damaged fat cells. Older fat necroses were surrounded by myofibroblasts. It was concluded that acinar and fat cells undergo concomitant necrosis in the inflamed pancreas, zymogen granules degenerate in the acinar cells at the border of necrotic and non-necrotic areas, and secretory proteins may be displaced in the interstitium outside acinar lumina. Myofibroblasts participate in the healing of autodigestive injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":77652,"journal":{"name":"Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology","volume":"90 5","pages":"367-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18163926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}