American Journal on Addictions最新文献

{"title":"Rise of illicit medetomidine use: A worrisome trend.","authors":"Nikhil Sood","doi":"10.1111/ajad.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Medetomidine is a sedative approved by the FDA for veterinary use, but it is not authorized for human use. Its increasing presence alongside illegal opioids like fentanyl contributes to a rise in fatal overdoses across the U.S. While it is more potent than xylazine, knowledge surrounding medetomidine's role as an adulterant remains limited. This review investigates existing human data regarding its illicit use and overdose symptoms and highlights the evolving issue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review compiles case reports, law enforcement findings, and human studies to assess the role of medetomidine in opioid overdoses. We emphasize overdose symptoms, treatment challenges, and clinical outcomes, drawing from cases in U.S. cities experiencing rising overdose rates associated with this sedative.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review reveals a troubling trend of increasing fatalities related to medetomidine adulteration, particularly in urban areas. Medetomidine's sedative effects complicate the management of opioid overdoses, often leaving many cases unrecognized due to the overlap of symptoms. The rising incidents of seizures and deaths underscore the urgent need for public health action.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>The growing use of medetomidine as an opioid adulterant calls for further research, increased awareness among healthcare professionals and emergency responders, and enhanced diagnostic screening methods. Specific treatment protocols for medetomidine overdoses are crucial, and laboratory testing should be expanded to identify this substance.</p><p><strong>Scientific significance: </strong>This review highlights the growing prevalence of medetomidine, which has surpassed xylazine also in some areas, and advocates for strengthened public health efforts to address this emerging crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7762,"journal":{"name":"American Journal on Addictions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working under the influence of cannabis amongst medical cannabis patients with chronic pain","authors":"Carol A. Lee PhD,&nbsp;Devin C. Tomlinson PhD,&nbsp;Kipling M. Bohnert PhD,&nbsp;Erin E. Bonar PhD,&nbsp;Lara N. Coughlin PhD,&nbsp;Mark A. Ilgen PhD","doi":"10.1111/ajad.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajad.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cannabis use is increasing in the United States, and, on average, those consuming medical cannabis report more frequent cannabis use than those who use recreationally. The present analyses focus on the prevalence and correlates of working under the influence of cannabis (WUIC) amongst individuals with chronic pain who use cannabis medically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults were recruited from medical cannabis certification clinics in Michigan and individuals who were employed in the past 6 months were included in the analytic sample (<i>N</i> = 362). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions were estimated to examine factors associated with WUIC. Descriptive analyses examined WUIC by types of employment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WUIC was reported by 34% (<i>n</i> = 123) of employed medical cannabis patients. After adjusting for other factors, older age and having episodes of 6+ drinks were significantly associated with lower odds of WUIC. History of driving under the influence of cannabis, reporting three+ hours high on cannabis per day, and using 0.5 oz+ of cannabis per week were all significantly associated with higher odds of WUIC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amongst individuals who use cannabis for pain and are in the workforce, WUIC is relatively common. This may be particularly concerning in jobs that are safety-sensitive. Prevention efforts for WUIC might focus on those who use cannabis several times per day and might consider how to balance the needs for pain management with workplace-related roles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Scientific Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study extends knowledge around the prevalence and characteristics of individuals using medical cannabis who engage in WUIC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7762,"journal":{"name":"American Journal on Addictions","volume":"34 4","pages":"415-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajad.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated rate of suicide risk in individuals with opioid use disorder","authors":"Max Spaderna MD,&nbsp;Elana Rosenthal MD,&nbsp;Sun Jung Kang PhD,&nbsp;Rahwa Eyasu MSN, FNP,&nbsp;Emade Ebah MPH,&nbsp;Onyinyechi Ogbumbadiugha MPH,&nbsp;Phyllis Bijole MA,&nbsp;Amelia Cover CRNP,&nbsp;Ashley Davis CRNP,&nbsp;Meredith Zoltick MSN, MPH,&nbsp;Sita Kottilil,&nbsp;Julia Mount BS,&nbsp;Catherine Gannon BA,&nbsp;Jasmine Stevens BS,&nbsp;Grace Garrett BS,&nbsp;Meghan Derenoncourt BS,&nbsp;Tina Liu AB,&nbsp;Lisa Horowitz PhD, MPH,&nbsp;Maryland Pao MD,&nbsp;Sarah Kattakuzhy MD, MPH","doi":"10.1111/ajad.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajad.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Few studies have longitudinally investigated suicide risk (SR) in opioid use disorder (OUD). This investigation administered three screening tools to individuals with OUD to compare rates of and variables associated with SR over 12 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>121 individuals meeting criteria for OUD within the past 3 years were administered Item #9 of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-Item-9), the twelfth item of DSM-5-TR Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Measure (CCSM-Item-12), and the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) to detect SR at Day 0 and Months 6 and 12. A partitioned generalized methods of moment (GMM) model identified variables associated with SR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At Day 0, screen-positive rates for SR were 30% for ASQ, 12.4% for PHQ-Item-9, and 4.1% for CCSM-Item-12. Rates were similar at Months 6 and 12. Variables significantly associated with SR by PHQ-Item-9 were intentional overdose history (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), poor sleep (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), meeting criteria for psychosis (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), and meeting criteria for mania (<i>p</i> = .005). Variables significantly associated with SR by ASQ were intentional overdose history (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), female gender (<i>p</i> = .003), meeting criteria for psychosis (<i>p</i> = .001), and total PHQ-9 score (<i>p</i> = .032). Too few participants endorsed SR by CCSM-Item-12 to be included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the OUD population, screening positive for SR was unchanged over 1 year, but detection rates varied by screening tool. History of intentional opioid overdose is independently associated with screening positive for SR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Scientific Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first study to evaluate SR in the OUD population using more than one screening tool, and to show an association of history of intentional opioid overdose with SR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7762,"journal":{"name":"American Journal on Addictions","volume":"34 4","pages":"440-449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajad.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug overdose and suicidal intentionality among young adults in methadone treatment","authors":"Yifrah Kaminer MD,&nbsp;Simon Zhornitsky PhD","doi":"10.1111/ajad.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajad.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The United States has been experiencing a deadly epidemic of fatal drug overdose (OD), including among emerging/young adults. We aimed to examine intentional OD (IOD) among young adults receiving methadone maintenance treatment for opioid use disorders (OUD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-three participants (18–26 years old) with OUD completed measures of drug use, OD, depression, and suicidal behavior. Between-group differences were analyzed using independent samples <i>t</i>-test and χ² test for continuous and dichotomous data, respectively. Regression analysis was employed to predict the magnitude of intent to die before the most recent OD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-two percent of the sample had a history of a suicide attempt (SA). Of those, 78% reported &gt;1 IOD. Participants with SA history had a significantly higher depression severity (<i>p</i> = .01), were younger at the onset of opioid use (<i>p</i> = .04) and were less likely to be Hispanic (<i>p</i> = .03) relative to those without SA history. The magnitude of intent to die before the most recent OD was predicted by (a) number of lifetime SAs (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), (b) likelihood that participant thought they would OD before their most recent OD (<i>p</i> = .009), and (c) number of days using illicit opioids in the last 30 (<i>p</i> = .02).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Scientific Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings indicate a high prevalence of IOD among young adults enrolled in clinical services. Awareness of suicidal intent as a predictor of OD would improve prevention-intervention methods for the reduction of morbidity and mortality among them. This is the first reported study to examine IOD among emerging/young adults with OUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7762,"journal":{"name":"American Journal on Addictions","volume":"34 4","pages":"433-439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Become a AAAP Member","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ajad.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Click on the PDF file for live links</p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":7762,"journal":{"name":"American Journal on Addictions","volume":"34 2","pages":"267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajad.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symposium II","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ajad.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.70002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7762,"journal":{"name":"American Journal on Addictions","volume":"34 2","pages":"251-252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Reviewer List","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ajad.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.70010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7762,"journal":{"name":"American Journal on Addictions","volume":"34 2","pages":"120-121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for Special Issue Papers 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ajad.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Click on the PDF file for live links</p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":7762,"journal":{"name":"American Journal on Addictions","volume":"34 2","pages":"261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajad.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORN Consultant Recruitment - Join A National Public Health Alliance","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ajad.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Click on the PDF file for live links</p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":7762,"journal":{"name":"American Journal on Addictions","volume":"34 2","pages":"268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajad.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AAAP 2024 Self-Assessment Exam Now Available","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ajad.13588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.13588","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Click on the PDF file for live links</p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":7762,"journal":{"name":"American Journal on Addictions","volume":"34 2","pages":"269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajad.13588","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}