Progress in AIDS pathology最新文献

{"title":"The AIDS autopsy: comparison of intravenous drug abusers with non-intravenous drug abusers.","authors":"R Schinella, B Chaitin, E Gross","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77597,"journal":{"name":"Progress in AIDS pathology","volume":"1 ","pages":"219-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13636096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection of the lung in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): by in situ DNA hybridization.","authors":"C P Frydman, I J Bleiweiss, O H Yoo, J Jagirdar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77597,"journal":{"name":"Progress in AIDS pathology","volume":"1 ","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13706244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural markers and interferon levels in HIV-positive individuals treated with D-penicillamine.","authors":"J M Orenstein, R S Schulof","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77597,"journal":{"name":"Progress in AIDS pathology","volume":"1 ","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13630083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The histopathology of HIV infection: an overview.","authors":"R K Brynes, E P Ewing, V V Joshi, W C Chan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77597,"journal":{"name":"Progress in AIDS pathology","volume":"1 ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13637687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemistry of human immunodeficiency virus in the central nervous system and an hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of AIDS meningoencephalomyelitis.","authors":"R H Rhodes,&nbsp;J M Ward","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early events of HIV infection of the CNS are not yet clear. HIV infection in most recent cases, generally shows a prolonged interval between diagnosis and death. HIV infection, months to years before the patient's death, may or may not result in early neurologic symptoms. AIDS patients with spinal cord symptoms often show a sudden onset of long tract signs and a temporally related altered mental status indicating the appearance of both myelitis and encephalitis. Immunohistochemical localization of the HIV cell-surface receptor protein, CD4, and of HIV antigens in cerebral and lymph node venular endothelial cells suggests that a natural occurrence or induction of CD4 protein in some endothelial cells allows transmission of HIV from circulating infected white blood cells preferentially to certain tissues through endothelial cell infection. HIV immunolocalization is present in perivascular astrocytes, particularly in long white matter tracts, and on the surface of oligodendrocytes. HIV immunoreactivity is mostly in macrophages and multinucleated cells in a typical autopsy case, but this may be due to the clearing of HIV antigen from early sites of infection by the hematogenous cells. Not all immunoreactivity for HIV antigens is necessarily due to HIV gene products. Cross reacting epitopes, such as that of HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 and neuroleukin, may be \"seen\" not only by antibodies on tissue sections, but by an AIDS patient's immune system, thus targeting a CNS antigen for immune-complex formation. Evidence for hypersensitivity disease in the CNS in AIDS includes the frequent findings of demyelination, perivenous chronic inflammation, chronic vasculitis, and perivenous hemorrhages. The white matter demyelination so frequently reported in all areas of the CNS in AIDS could be the result of a combination of factors that include direct HIV vasculitis, opportunistic infections, and hypersensitivity responses. The blood-brain barrier is breached when immune-related antigens interact on CNS vascular endothelial cells. Perhaps the CD4 antigen, which responds to interaction with antigen-presenting cells and enhances cellular immune activity, is induced or increased in the CNS in association with immune activity and in the presence of a leaky blood-brain barrier. Therefore, with or without HIV in the CNS, hypersensitivity disease, including demyelination, may be the result of long-standing activity of the immune system in AIDS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":77597,"journal":{"name":"Progress in AIDS pathology","volume":"1 ","pages":"167-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13636093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and neoplasia.","authors":"J H Beckstead","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77597,"journal":{"name":"Progress in AIDS pathology","volume":"1 ","pages":"201-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13636094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural analysis of germinal centers in lymph nodes of patients with HIV-1-induced persistent generalized lymphadenopathy: evidence for persistence of infection.","authors":"K Tenner-Rácz,&nbsp;P Rácz,&nbsp;S Gartner,&nbsp;J Ramsauer,&nbsp;M Dietrich,&nbsp;J C Gluckman,&nbsp;M Popovic","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Germinal centers play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-induced lymphadenopathy. Cell-free retrovirus particles, gag proteins of HIV-1, and cells expressing viral RNA can be detected in these areas of the lymph node. In the present study, the ultrastructural changes and the interactions of virus with different cell types of the germinal centers were investigated. We compared the alterations of lymph nodes obtained shortly after seroconversion with those seen in longstanding lymphadenopathy. The results demonstrated that germinal centers were already infected in the early phase of the disease. However, the number of cell free virions was low. During the course of the disease, large amounts of cell free virions accumulated in the germinal centers. The persistence of germinal center infection for up to 2 years was demonstrated by detecting retrovirus particles in repeated biopsy specimens. In addition, the presence of numerous small, moderately electron dense structures that might represent defective particles of HIV-1 and influence the course of the disease were described. HIV-1 was found to replicate in lymphocytes, macrophages, and follicular dendritic cells. Quite possibly, a genomic shift may occur at the time of transmission of the virus to a novel target cell, thus, germinal centers may be one of the anatomic sites where HIV-1 acquires the ability to develop into a variant with preferential tropism for a given cell type.</p>","PeriodicalId":77597,"journal":{"name":"Progress in AIDS pathology","volume":"1 ","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13636099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropathology of HIV infection: adults versus children.","authors":"L R Sharer,&nbsp;E S Cho","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lower incidence of complicating opportunistic and reactivated latent infections in the CNS of children with HIV infection has resulted in a \"cleaner\" system, allowing better appreciation of the lesions associated with primary HIV brain infection. The most striking differences that we have seen in the CNS of children, when compared to adults with regard to primary HIV infection, have been the following: More florid inflammation and more frequent MGC in the children; more frequent localization of MGC in the cerebral cortex in children; more basophilic mineralization in the children; more perivascular brown pigment in the adults; and more obvious white matter changes in the adults. It has been noted that the median survival time for children under one year of age with AIDS is significantly less than that for older children (6.5 months vs. 19.7 months). Thus the tempo of HIV infection would seem to be more rapid in children, particularly young children. Our own neuropathological observations would support the hypothesis of a more fulminant CNS disease in children, in keeping with the well-known phenomenon of increased virulence of viral infections in the immature central nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":77597,"journal":{"name":"Progress in AIDS pathology","volume":"1 ","pages":"131-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13637689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor disorders in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.","authors":"A Nath,&nbsp;J Jankovic","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77597,"journal":{"name":"Progress in AIDS pathology","volume":"1 ","pages":"159-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13637690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyradiculopathy and sensory ganglionitis due to cytomegalovirus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).","authors":"G N Budzilovich,&nbsp;A Avitabile,&nbsp;G Niedt,&nbsp;S N Aleksic,&nbsp;M K Rosenblum","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77597,"journal":{"name":"Progress in AIDS pathology","volume":"1 ","pages":"143-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13706241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}