Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of immobilized hepatocytes as liver support.","authors":"Y Miura,&nbsp;T Akimoto,&nbsp;N Yoshikawa,&nbsp;K Yagi","doi":"10.3109/10731199009119632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009119632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocytes isolated from rat liver were immobilized within Ca-alginate. Immobilized hepatocytes could remove ammonia and other toxic substances causing hepatic coma, such as indole, phenol, bilirubin, and short chain fatty acids. Although free hepatocytes lost those activities within 2 days, immobilized hepatocytes maintained those activities for more than 7 days. Immobilized hepatocytes induced tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) in the presence of dexamethasone and dibutyryl-cAMP and retained the ability to induce TAT for more than 7 days. Biologically active form of coagulation factor II, prothrombin could be synthesized and secreted into medium by immobilized hepatocytes. Moreover, immobilized hepatocytes produced glucose from lactate, alanine, fructose, and galactose. Like adult rat liver, growth-related function and liver-specific function in immobilized hepatocytes were reciprocally controlled by cell density. There are both alpha-, and beta-adrenergic receptors in membrane of liver cells, and the adrenergic action of epinephrine is alpha-predominant in adult rat liver. Monolayer-cultured hepatocytes can not maintain alpha-adrenergic response. However, immobilized hepatocytes maintained alpha-adrenergic response as shown in vivo. Those characteristics of immobilized and three-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes are regarded almost the same as liver cells in vivo. Furthermore, therapeutic effect of immobilized hepatocytes on the hepatic failure were confirmed in the experiment using hepatocytes damaged with D-galactosamine. Therefore, it is suggested that immobilized hepatocytes could be applied to a hybrid artificial liver support.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 4","pages":"549-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009119632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13138882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunosorbents for LDL-apheresis.","authors":"S N Pokrovsky,&nbsp;Adamova IYu,&nbsp;G F Benevolenskaya","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low density lipoprotein (LDL) (1,03-1,05 g/ml) was utilized as antigen to obtain polyclonal (PcAb) and monoclonal (McAb) antibodies. Immunosorbents capable of selective removing LDL from human plasma were developed on the basis of the antibodies preparation. The sorbents called \"Immunoliposorber PcAb\" and \"Immunoliposorber McAb\" are currently undergoing clinical trials in the USSR Cardiology Research Center, Acad. of Med. Sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 5","pages":"623-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13254711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biospecific adsorbents on the basis of chloroformate-activated bead cellulose.","authors":"C Rupprich,&nbsp;M Becker,&nbsp;W Büttner,&nbsp;H F Boeden,&nbsp;K L Schröder,&nbsp;A Hänsicke,&nbsp;A Könnecke","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbohydrate-derived polymers are activated by the chloroformate N-chlorocarbonyloxy-5-norbornene-2.3-dicarboximide (ClCOONB). The advantages of this activation method are presented. The application of bead cellulose as adsorbent for biomedical and biotechnological purposes is demonstrated. Examples for immunoglobulin purification, streptavidin isolation, and biotransformation of porcine insulin are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 5","pages":"665-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13254716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A newly developed LDL-binding material.","authors":"E Behm,&nbsp;M Palm,&nbsp;F Loth,&nbsp;D Toewe,&nbsp;O Zschörnig,&nbsp;B Ernst,&nbsp;H Klinkmann","doi":"10.3109/10731199009119619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009119619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Results of in vitro and ex vivo experiments with a newly developed LDL-binding material are presented. This material consists of macroporous bead cellulose which is capable to bind selectively LDL. LDL-cholesterol is considerably decreased after contacts of plasma or serum samples with this bead cellulose. On the other hand high density lipoproteins (HDL) and other plasma components (proteins, enzymes, electrolytes, and metabolic substances) remained high or unchanged. Triglycerides (TG)--transported by very low density lipoproteins--are also bound up to a certain degree. 1 g of the adsorbent wet mass binds at least 20 mg cholesterol. The capacity suffices to decrease two- to threefold increased cholesterol and LDL plasma levels to the low normal range following passage of the sevenfold plasma volume' through two the three LDL adsorbent columns (results of perfusion experiments). In vitro and dog experiments revealed only slight drops of the hemolytic capacities of the classic complement pathway and moderate decreases of the alternative one. But no detectable side effects were noticed in the dog experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 4","pages":"455-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009119619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13436455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances of adsorbents for hemoperfusion in China.","authors":"Y T Yu,&nbsp;C Z Chen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activated charcoal with various coating materials were screened and tested as adsorbents in hemoperfusion. Among them silicon rubber polyurethane, crosslinked agrose, polyvinyl acetate, polyhydroxy ethyl methacrylate showed good blood compatible properties. Various types of resins and carbonized resins with different functional groups, and structures were tested for the adsorption of small molecules i.e. creatinine, barbiturates, middle molecules i.e. VitB12, inulin, cytochrome C and large molecules i.e. unconjugated bilirubin. High adsorption capacities were obtained and uncoated carbonized resins showed satisfactory blood compatible properties. NK-107 a macroporous, non-coated resin is now being manufactured and successfully used clinically on patients for acute detoxification of hypnotic drugs. Polysaccharide dialdehyde and polystyrene derivatives etc. were used for the removal of urea, ammonia, potassium and phosphorus. DNA immune adsorbents were prepared for systemic lupus erythematosus therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 4","pages":"499-505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13437107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroral application of synthetic activated charcoal in USSR.","authors":"V G Nikolaev","doi":"10.3109/10731199009119633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009119633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work presents a review of the enterosorption procedure, spheres of its application, the results achieved and prospects for use in the future. This technique was developed by the author in the late 1970's and is based on peroral administration of high doses of synthetic activated carbons. This review also summarises new experimental and clinical reports by Soviet researchers who studied the use of enterosorption procedure in liver and biliary tract diseases, endogenous intoxications, acute intestinal infections, renal pathologies and immuno-dependent diseases, metabolism in aged animals, in oncologic patients, abstinence syndrome in alcohol and drug-abuse patients. The peroral application of activated carbons has been known for a long time. The most extensive list of usage of activated carbons has been presented by Adler in the first quarter of this century. The powdery activated charcoal usually was prescribed in doses of 2-10 g per day, since larger doses caused nausea, vomiting and constipation, and that demanded simultaneous usage of cathartics. The Carbon sorption therapy, soon became neglected owing to development of potent antibacterial preparations, and probably due to depleted enteric content of the components which are necessary for the organism. Later, carbon sorption therapy was investigated for use in uremia. In 1979, the author of this article proposed the use of oral administration of high doses (up to 100-150 g/day) of synthetic activated carbons with diameters 0.2-1.0 mm, derived through pyrolysis of various polymeric resins. The reasons for this approach which we termed enterosorption, were good adsorptive properties, smooth surface, strength and uniformal nature of synthetic carbon adsorbents, causing practically no symptoms of enteropathy which are typical for high doses of powdery carbons. We have described our earlier clinical results of this approach. Since that time the number of studies has substantially increased in the USSR. Accordingly, the author deemed it expedient to attempt a review of the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 4","pages":"555-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009119633","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13437116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red blood cell substitutes. Selected papers from an international symposium. 1989, San Francisco. Proceedings.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 2","pages":"133-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13516719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphologic effects of hypervolemic administration of DBBF hemoglobin in the rat.","authors":"C B Clifford,&nbsp;D A Wessels,&nbsp;C D Smith","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conscious rats were given either 14 g/dl bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate cross-linked hemoglobin (DBBF-Hb) in lactated Ringer's (LR) as an intravenous bolus (40, 50, or 60% of blood volume), 12.5 g/dl human serum albumin (HSA) in LR as a control for oncotic effects, or LR as a control for injection volume. The high dose HSA and DBBF-Hb rats experienced pulmonary edema after injection; one rat in each of these groups died soon after dosing. Rats were killed after 48 hours for histopathology. Only the 60% HSA and the 50% and 60% DBBF-Hb rats had treatment-related lesions. In the liver, randomly distributed mononuclear cell aggregates occasionally surrounded a necrotic hepatocyte. Liver lesions in 60% DBBF-Hb rats were the largest and most numerous, but in all groups were qualitatively similar. Hearts from HSA and DBBF-Hb rats had similar mild inflammatory lesions. We conclude that bolus administration of DBBF-Hb causes morphologic lesions in rats only at volumes sufficient to cause pulmonary edema. Hepatic and cardiac changes with high volumes of DBBF-Hb resembled those in rats given a corresponding bolus of HSA, suggesting that vascular overload with a hyperoncotic solution, rather than cytotoxicity of DBBF-Hb, caused the injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 2","pages":"321-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13519427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephrotoxicity of hemoglobin solutions.","authors":"M Feola,&nbsp;J Simoni,&nbsp;R Tran,&nbsp;P C Canizaro","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nephrotoxicity is a problem of hemoglobin solutions (HbS) that still awaits full elucidation and correction. Therefore, a study was conducted using five HbS with different characteristics to replace 1/3 of blood volume in five groups of rabbits. All HbS contained bovine Hb, 6.5 g/dl, dissolved into a balanced electrolyte solution. HbS-I was Hb incompletely purified of stromal phospholipids and environmental bacterial endotoxins, and uncrosslinked; HbS-II was pure Hb non crosslinked; HbS-III was completely purified and crosslinked; HbS-IV was like HbS-III, but with pH 8.4; and HbS-V was like HbS-III, with the addition of mannitol. The effects of blood replacement with these solutions were studied on: (a) PAH clearance (expression of renal plasma flow); (b) endogenous creatinine clearance (expression of glomerular filtration); (c) fractional excretion of sodium and (d) urine/plasma osmolarity (expressions of tubular function). Histological changes were assessed after 24 hours. Significant alterations were observed in decrescent order following the administration of HbS-I, -II and -III, while HbS-IV and -V were well tolerated. These results suggest that the nephrotoxicity of Hb solutions can be prevented by the following steps: (1) complete purification of Hb; (2) complete crosslinking; and (3) protection of the kidney by alkalinization of the urine and/or the addition of mannitol.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 2","pages":"233-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13269985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver support system used sorbent urethane sheet embedded with powdered charcoal.","authors":"H Kawanishi,&nbsp;T Tsuchiya,&nbsp;A Hirabayashi,&nbsp;R Shinhara,&nbsp;M Yamanoue","doi":"10.3109/10731199009119630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009119630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Requirements to be met by an artificial liver support system are the abilities to perform the function of the liver, i.e., to support the functions of protein synthesis, detoxification, and phagocytosis. At present there are no artificial liver support that can satisfy all these conditions other than the detoxification and protein synthesis by removal and supply in plasma exchange. This mode of treatment poses various problems, including the disadvantage of requiring a great amount of plasma (1). Noting the adsorption performance of powdered charcoal, we have developed a new type of adsorbent for clinical application (UPC, BESPORE, Japan Medical Supply Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan) that consists of powdered charcoal immobilized and encapsulated on a blood-biocompatible sheet. UPC is capable of purifying middle to large molecular weight and protein-bound substances, which have been relatively difficult to achieve with conventional blood purification (Fig.1).</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 4","pages":"535-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009119630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13437113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}