The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement最新文献_第9页

Symptom rating scales and outcome in schizophrenia. 精神分裂症的症状评定量表和预后。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-08-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.191.50.s7

Ann M Mortimer

{"title":"Symptom rating scales and outcome in schizophrenia.","authors":"Ann M Mortimer","doi":"10.1192/bjp.191.50.s7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.50.s7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Symptom rating scales are now well established in schizophrenia research but their scores are not the same as outcome.Aims: To appraise the usefulness of symptom rating scales in evaluating the outcome of people with schizophrenia.Method: Literature on the use of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) in schizophrenia research was studied.Results: Scales were designed to make diagnoses, to categorise patients, syndromes or both, and to demonstrate antipsychotic efficacy, as well as to measure outcome. There is much redundancy both between and within scales. Early work suggests limited concurrent validity with external outcome variables. Data are at best ordinal and there are particular difficulties in equating outcome with percentage changes in scores. The concept of remission, which uses absolute item score thresholds with a duration criterion, is a promising outcome measure.Conclusions: Symptom rating scale scores can only comprise a limited part of outcome measurement. Standardised remission criteria may present advantages in outcome research.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"50 ","pages":"s7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.191.50.s7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27088690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 121

Developmental trajectories associated with juvenile sexually abusive behaviour and emerging severe personality disorder in childhood: 3 - year study. 青少年性虐待行为与儿童期出现的严重人格障碍相关的发展轨迹:3年研究。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-05-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.190.5.s27

Eileen Vizard, Nicole Hickey, Eamon McCrory

{"title":"Developmental trajectories associated with juvenile sexually abusive behaviour and emerging severe personality disorder in childhood: 3 - year study.","authors":"Eileen Vizard, Nicole Hickey, Eamon McCrory","doi":"10.1192/bjp.190.5.s27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.190.5.s27","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Little is known about the developmental trajectories of juveniles presenting with sexually abusive behaviour or emerging severe personality disorder traits.Aims: To investigate whether ;age at onset' of sexually abusive behaviour and whether emerging severe personality disorder traits are associated with specific developmental profiles.Method: A retrospective file review of 280 juveniles presenting with sexually abusive behaviour was conducted and follow-up Offenders Index data were analysed.Results: Juveniles with early onset (<11 years) of sexually abusive behaviour had higher levels of psychosocial adversity and early childhood antisocial behaviour compared withthose with late onset. Emerging severe personality disorder traits were associated with higher levels of psychosocial adversity, antisocial behaviour, convictions and predatory sexually abusive behaviour.Conclusions: Preliminary evidence supports the existence of distinct developmental trajectories within this population and points to a key role for traits of emerging severe personality disorder.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"49 ","pages":"s27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.190.5.s27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26697707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Assessment and treatment of violence-prone forensic clients: an integrated approach. 评估和治疗有暴力倾向的法医委托人:综合办法。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-05-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.190.5.s66

Stephen C P Wong, Audrey Gordon, Deqiang Gu

{"title":"Assessment and treatment of violence-prone forensic clients: an integrated approach.","authors":"Stephen C P Wong, Audrey Gordon, Deqiang Gu","doi":"10.1192/bjp.190.5.s66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.190.5.s66","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A risk-reduction treatment programme complemented by a focused assessment, both guided by the risk-need-responsivity principles, is suggested as the preferred treatment for violence-prone individuals with personality disorder.Aims: Violence Reduction Programme (VRP) and Violence Risk Scale (VRS) were used to illustrate the design and implementation of such an approach. Participants from a similarly designed Aggressive Behaviour Control Programme were used to illustrate the principles discussed and to test programme efficacy.Method: The VRS was used to assess risk/need and treatment readiness, and DSM-III/IV psychiatric diagnoses of 203 federal offenders.Results: Participants had a high probability of violent recidivism and many violence-linked criminogenic needs, similar to offenders with high PCL-R scores. Most had antisocial personality disorder and substance use disorders; in terms of treatment-readiness, most were in the contemplation stage of change. Outcome evaluation results support the objectives of the VRP.Conclusions: Integrating risk-need-responsivity principles in assessment and treatment can provide useful guidelines for intervention with violence-prone forensic clients with personality disorder.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"49 ","pages":"s66-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.190.5.s66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26697627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 124

Precision of actuarial risk assessment instruments: evaluating the 'margins of error' of group v. individual predictions of violence. 精算风险评估工具的精确性:评估群体与个人暴力预测的“误差范围”。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-05-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.190.5.s60

Stephen D Hart, Christine Michie, David J Cooke

{"title":"Precision of actuarial risk assessment instruments: evaluating the 'margins of error' of group v. individual predictions of violence.","authors":"Stephen D Hart, Christine Michie, David J Cooke","doi":"10.1192/bjp.190.5.s60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.190.5.s60","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Actuarial risk assessment instruments (ARAIs) estimate the probability that individuals will engage in future violence.Aims: To evaluate the ;margins of error' at the group and individual level for risk estimates made using ARAIs.Method: An established statistical method was used to construct 95% CI for group and individual risk estimates made using two popular ARAIs.Results: The 95% CI were large for risk estimates at the group level; at the individual level, they were so high as to render risk estimates virtually meaningless.Conclusions: The ARAIs cannot be used to estimate an individual's risk for future violence with any reasonable degree of certainty and should be used with great caution or not at all. In theory, reasonably precise group estimates could be made using ARAIs if developers used very large construction samples and if the tests included few score categories with extreme risk estimates.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"49 ","pages":"s60-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.190.5.s60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26697626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 344

Understanding the structure of the psychopathy checklist - revised: an exploration of methodological confusion. 理解精神病检查表的结构-修订:对方法论混乱的探索。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-05-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.190.5.s39

David J Cooke, Christine Michie, Jennifer Skeem

引用次数: 148

Altered memory and affective instability in prisoners assessed for dangerous and severe personality disorder. 被评估为危险和严重人格障碍的囚犯的记忆改变和情感不稳定。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-05-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.190.5.s20

Tim Kirkpatrick, Eileen Joyce, John Milton, Conor Duggan, Peter Tyrer, Robert D Rogers

{"title":"Altered memory and affective instability in prisoners assessed for dangerous and severe personality disorder.","authors":"Tim Kirkpatrick, Eileen Joyce, John Milton, Conor Duggan, Peter Tyrer, Robert D Rogers","doi":"10.1192/bjp.190.5.s20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.190.5.s20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Previous studies of borderline personality disorder report neuropsychological impairments in several domains, including memory. No studies have compared memory functioning in high-risk prisoners with borderline personality disorder with similar prisoners with other personality disorders.Aims: To explore mnemonic impairments in prisoners undergoing personality assessment as part of the dangerous and severe personality disorder initiative or detained in a medium secure facility.Method: We investigated memory function in 18 prisoners with borderline personality disorder and 18 prisoners with other personality disorders.Results: Prisoners with borderline personality disorder exhibited a pattern of multi-modal impairments in the immediate and delayed recall of verbal and visual information, with some association with affective instability. These deficits were not associated with the severity of personality disturbance.Conclusions: These data suggest that memory deficits have some specificity in relation to the constituent traits of borderline personality disorder and indicate that neuropsychological assessment may be a source of useful adjunctive information for distinguishing between the cognitive and psychological difficulties of individual prisoners.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"49 ","pages":"s20-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.190.5.s20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26697706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Critical developments in the assessment of personality disorder. 人格障碍评估的重要进展。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-05-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.190.5.s51

Peter Tyrer, Natalie Coombs, Fatema Ibrahimi, Anand Mathilakath, Priya Bajaj, Maja Ranger, Bharti Rao, Raana Din

{"title":"Critical developments in the assessment of personality disorder.","authors":"Peter Tyrer, Natalie Coombs, Fatema Ibrahimi, Anand Mathilakath, Priya Bajaj, Maja Ranger, Bharti Rao, Raana Din","doi":"10.1192/bjp.190.5.s51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.190.5.s51","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The assessment of personality disorder is currently inaccurate, largely unreliable, frequently wrong and in need of improvement.Aims: To describe the errors inherent in the current systems and to indicate recent ways of improving personality assessment.Method: Historical review, description of recent developments, including temporal stability, and of studies using document-derived assessment.Results: Studies of interrater agreement and accuracy of diagnosis in complex patients with independently established personality status using document-derived assessment (PAS-DOC) with a four personality cluster classification, showed very good agreement between raters for the flamboyant cluster B group of personalities, generally good agreement for the anxious/dependent cluster C group and inhibited (obsessional) cluster D group, but only fair agreement for the withdrawn cluster A group. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 71%.Conclusions: Personality function or diathesis, a fluctuating state, is a better description than personality disorder. The best form of assessment is one that uses longitudinal repeated measures using a four-dimensional system.","PeriodicalId":77411,"journal":{"name":"The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement","volume":"49 ","pages":"s51-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1192/bjp.190.5.s51","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26697625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 156

Dangerous and severe personality disorder: antecedents and origins. 危险和严重的人格障碍:前世和起源。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-05-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.190.5.s8

Anthony Maden

引用次数: 41

Dangerous and severe personality disorder and in need of treatment. 危险严重的人格障碍，需要治疗。

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-05-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.190.5.s3

Paul E Mullen

引用次数: 25

Persistent violent offending: what do we know? 持续暴力犯罪:我们知道什么?

The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement Pub Date : 2007-05-01 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.190.5.s12

Sheilagh Hodgins

引用次数: 52