The Annals of physiological anthropology = Seiri Jinruigaku Kenkyukai kaishi最新文献

{"title":"Work efficiency of paraplegics during arm cranking exercise.","authors":"M Yamasaki,&nbsp;M Irizawa,&nbsp;K Ishii,&nbsp;T Komura","doi":"10.2114/ahs1983.12.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.12.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the level of spinal cord injury on work efficiencies of paraplegics during arm cranking exercise. Subjects were male paraplegics including seven high paraplegics (T3-T8) and seven low paraplegics (T10-L1, 2), and seven normal males. They performed arm cranking exercise at 0 and 30 watts. Work efficiencies of high paraplegics showed a little lower than others, although there were no significant differences among subject's groups. On the other hand, the pulmonary ventilation at a work load of 30 watts significantly increased in high paraplegics in comparison with low paraplegics and normal subjects. The somewhat low work efficiency of high paraplegics was attributable to the increased ventilation which yielded an increase in oxygen uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":77409,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of physiological anthropology = Seiri Jinruigaku Kenkyukai kaishi","volume":"12 2","pages":"79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/ahs1983.12.79","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19358676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Fundamental study regarding the characteristics of wetness under constant average skin temperature].","authors":"T Mochida","doi":"10.2114/ahs1983.12.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.12.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper deals with the characteristics of wetness under constant average skin temperature and its effect on the equal skin temperature lines. From the basic measurements of both environmental parameters and human physiological responses, the following results were obtained: Under the condition of constant activity level, clothing worn, air movement and constant average skin temperature, 1. there is a positive correlation between the wetness and the environmental humidity. 2. there is a negative correlation between the wetness and the air temperature. 3. there is a negative correlation between the wetness and the evaporative heat loss. 4. both the maximum and the minimum wetness values corresponding to each average skin temperature exist. The theoretical examinations regarding the above-mentioned items--the characteristics of wetness under the constant average skin temperature were extended, and we finally obtained the following; the locus of equal skin temperature is not a straight one but a curve on the psychometric chart.</p>","PeriodicalId":77409,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of physiological anthropology = Seiri Jinruigaku Kenkyukai kaishi","volume":"12 2","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/ahs1983.12.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19359979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Hyperbaric physiology of apnoea deep diving (I)].","authors":"K Seki","doi":"10.2114/ahs1983.12.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.12.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77409,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of physiological anthropology = Seiri Jinruigaku Kenkyukai kaishi","volume":"12 1","pages":"39-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/ahs1983.12.39","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19488215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Health effects of ultraviolet radiation].","authors":"T Ohnaka","doi":"10.2114/ahs1983.12.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.12.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) occurs from both natural and artificial sources. The main natural source is the sun. On the other hand, artificial UVR sources are widely used in industry and also used in hospitals, laboratories, etc. because of their germicidal properties. They are even used for cosmetic purposes. UVR can be classified into three regions according to its wavelength: as UVA (320-400nm), UVB (320-280nm) and UVC (280-200nm). The UVC has the greatest health effect on humans among the three. The sun radiates a wide range of spectrum of electromagnetic radiation including the UVR, however the radiation below 290 nm in wavelength does not reach the surface of the earth for effective absorption by the stratospheric ozone layer. As a result, UVR from a natural source consists of only UVA and a part of UVB. On the other hand, artificial UVR sources include UVC region and have serious effects on the human body, especially on the skin and eyes. The health effects of UVR on humans can be beneficial or detrimental, depending on the amount and form of UVR, as well as on the skin type of the individual exposed. It has been acknowledged that a long period of UVR deficiency may have harmful effects on the human body, such as the development of vitamin D deficiency and rickets in children due to a disturbance in the phosphorus and calcium metabolism. Appropriate measures to increase the amount of exposure to UVR, especially to UVB radiation by the use of sun bathing, the exposure to artificial UVR sources, etc. have shown to prevent disease states caused by UVR deficiency. The harmful effects of UVR consist of erythema, sunburn, photodamage (photoaging), photocarcinogenesis, damage to the eyes, alteration of the immune system of the skin, and chemical hypersensitivity. Skin cancer is commonly produced by UVR. In this review, various states of UV from solar radiation and the degree of exposure to UVR are introduced. The benefits and harmful health effects of UVR are discussed in relation to the skin type of humans. The measures of protection from UVR, such as sunscreen preparations, protective clothing against UVR, etc. are also introduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":77409,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of physiological anthropology = Seiri Jinruigaku Kenkyukai kaishi","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/ahs1983.12.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19490433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A survey on physiological strains of asbestos abatement work wearing protective clothing in summer].","authors":"Y Tochihara,&nbsp;T Ohnaka,&nbsp;Y Nagai,&nbsp;T Muramatsu","doi":"10.2114/ahs1983.12.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.12.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the health hazard of asbestos fibers has been widely recognized, the number of asbestos abatement projects in schools has increased rapidly. Most of these projects were planned during summer vacation from school. However, in Japan, it is hot and humid in summer. Moreover, the workers have to wear impermeable protective clothing because of the asbestos exposure risk. The purpose of this survey is to study the workload of asbestos abatement work by measuring physiological reactions. Physiological strains of 12 male workers and working conditions during asbestos abatements work in two schools were measured in August in 1988 and in 1989. Body weight loss by the work of all workers was measured, and heart rate, rectal temperature and skin temperatures at five sites of some of them were measured every minute. In both workplaces, the workers wore disposable coveralls with hoods and shoes covers and protective masks. Air temperature in the workplaces was between 24.6 degrees C and 28.8 degrees C, and air humidity was between 85% and 96%. The high humidity was result of covering the floor, ceiling and wall of the workplaces were covered with vinyl seats, and sprinkling the asbestos fibers with water to lower the amount of asbestos in the air. Working hours of asbestos abatement were between 46 minutes and 95 minutes. Sweat rates were between 217 g/h and 605 g/h. These values were greater compared to the estimate values when work was done wearing commonly used light clothing. Heart rates during asbestos abatement work did not exceed 150 beats/min in one school where the temperature was 25 degrees C-27 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77409,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of physiological anthropology = Seiri Jinruigaku Kenkyukai kaishi","volume":"12 1","pages":"31-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/ahs1983.12.31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19488214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Studies on development of evaluation method for wood-based floors. Part 1. Evaluating the attenuational capacity of human locomotor system due to the acceleration at several parts of the human body].","authors":"T Doi,&nbsp;M Miyano,&nbsp;S Watanuki,&nbsp;Y Nakane","doi":"10.2114/ahs1983.12.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.12.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experiments were conducted to compare the impact on several parts of the body caused by the striking of the heel during human gait. In these experiments, five kinds of wood flooring that have differing levels of light weight-impact sound insulating efficiency were used. The obtained results were as follows: 1) The generated acceleration of calcaneus varied with the difference of flooring. According to the regression analysis, the open polygonal relationship between bound back coefficient of floor and acceleration of calcaneus was determined. 2) The impact force given to the calcaneus propagated from the heel to the forehead after most of the force being absorbed at the ankle and the knee. We found direct correlation between the subjective feeling of floor pliabilty and the force to the leg. Therefore, it was suggested that the measurement of the force to the ankle and the knee was important in evaluating the efficiency of floors.</p>","PeriodicalId":77409,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of physiological anthropology = Seiri Jinruigaku Kenkyukai kaishi","volume":"12 1","pages":"11-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/ahs1983.12.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19490434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of aerobic exercise training on internal body fat in obese women].","authors":"T Masuda,&nbsp;K Imai,&nbsp;Y Muraoka,&nbsp;S Komiya","doi":"10.2114/ahs1983.12.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.12.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A group of 11 obese women (from 13% of ideal weight and higher) volunteered to participate in a study designed to reduce weight in a 92-day program of aerobic exercise. Before and after the weight reduction period, body fat indices were measured by deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution and by skinfold anthropometry. Changes in internal body fat and subcutaneous fat were calculated. Mean weight loss was 3.6 +/- 1.2 kg, and internal body fat and subcutaneous fat were 1.8 +/- 1.3 kg (21.2%) and 3.0 +/- 0.9 kg (16.0%), respectively. Highly significant correlation were obtained between changes in internal body fat and total body fat (r = 0.856, p < 0.001). However, changes in internal body fat were not significantly associated with changes in waist to hip ratio (WHR). In the present study, we found that changes in total body fat were significantly related to changes in internal body fat during treatment of obesity with aerobic exercise. However, changes in internal body fat were not valid estimates of changes in body fat distribution in relation to changes in WHR.</p>","PeriodicalId":77409,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of physiological anthropology = Seiri Jinruigaku Kenkyukai kaishi","volume":"12 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/ahs1983.12.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19488213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Physical fitness and motor ability in obese boys 12 through 14 years of age].","authors":"H K Kim,&nbsp;Y Matsuura,&nbsp;K Tanaka,&nbsp;A Inagaki","doi":"10.2114/ahs1983.12.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.12.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excess body fat has generally been considered to be an influential factor to physical fitness and motor ability in obese boys. However, little information is available on the physical fitness and motor ability in obese boys. The purpose of this study was to clarify characteristics of physical fitness and motor ability in obese boys. The subjects were three hundreds and five boys aged 12-14 years. Nineteen physical fitness and motor ability items were tested and skinfold thickness was measured at six sites. Bioelectrical impedance was measured using a tetrapolar impedance plethysmograph (Selco SIF-891). Body density was calculated from the formula of Kim et al. The results of comparison clearly indicated that the obese group was significantly poorer in 1,500-m run, 5-min run, 50-m run, running long jump and many other variables, but was superior only in back strength. To analyze the factorial structure in boys, principal factor analysis was applied to the correlation matrix which was calculated with 19 variables, and then five factors were extracted. The obese group was significantly poorer in total body endurance and muscular endurance than the non-obese group. From these results, it was confirmed that the excess body fat could be one of the most important factors that affects the state of many physical fitness and motor ability elements in obese boys. However, the relationships between physical fitness, motor ability and the degree of fatness seem to be rather complicated. A great deal of data should be accumulated for more detailed analysis on the influence of the excess body fat in obese boys.</p>","PeriodicalId":77409,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of physiological anthropology = Seiri Jinruigaku Kenkyukai kaishi","volume":"12 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/ahs1983.12.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19490435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chronic hypoxia on skeletal muscle fiber type in adult male rats.","authors":"H Takahashi,&nbsp;K Kikuchi,&nbsp;H Nakayama","doi":"10.2114/ahs1983.11.625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.11.625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of chronic hypoxia on muscle fiber distribution were investigated in 10-week-old male Wistar rats. Samples of the soleus and the plantaris muscles were extracted after the animals were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (10% O2) for 4 weeks. Histochemical myosin-based classification of skeletal muscle fibers was used. There was no evidence of transformation between different fiber types in either muscles. These results differ from those of previous studies. The rats used in those studies were younger, and it is difficult to distinguish the conversion of fiber types that occurs during normal development from other factors. These data suggest that chronic hypoxia does not affect muscle fiber type in adult rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":77409,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of physiological anthropology = Seiri Jinruigaku Kenkyukai kaishi","volume":"11 6","pages":"625-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/ahs1983.11.625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12647328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The physical mechanisms of the perception of dampness in fabrics.","authors":"Y Li,&nbsp;A M Plante,&nbsp;B V Holcombe","doi":"10.2114/ahs1983.11.631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.11.631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The detection of dampness in hygroscopic materials has been investigated both by subjective tests and by the application of a model of the physical mechanisms involved. Subjects were asked to rate the degree of dampness of a range of materials of different moisture contents after a short period of contact with the inner forearm. Skin and fabric inner surface temperatures were recorded. It was found that highly hygroscopic wool fabrics were perceived as being dryer and maintained a higher temperature at the skin surface than polyester, a less hygroscopic fabric, during fabric-skin contact. A physical model of the sorption/desorption process in hygroscopic materials has been developed from knowledge of fibre sorption kinetics and used to study the physical processes which take place at the skin-fabric interface during transient contact. These predictions agree well with the subjective responses and the measured temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":77409,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of physiological anthropology = Seiri Jinruigaku Kenkyukai kaishi","volume":"11 6","pages":"631-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2114/ahs1983.11.631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12646540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}