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Alcohol Research : Current Reviews最新文献

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Anxiety and alcohol use disorders: comorbidity and treatment considerations. 焦虑症和酒精使用障碍：合并症和治疗注意事项。
IF 9.4 1区 医学
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Joshua P Smith, Carrie L Randall
{"title":"Anxiety and alcohol use disorders: comorbidity and treatment considerations.","authors":"Joshua P Smith, Carrie L Randall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is relatively common and is associated with a complex clinical presentation. Sound diagnosis and treatment planning requires that clinicians have an integrated understanding of the developmental pathways and course of this comorbidity. Moreover, standard interventions for anxiety disorders or AUDs may need to be modified and combined in targeted ways to accommodate the unique needs of people who have both disorders. Optimal combination of evidence-based treatments should be based on a comparative balance that considers the advantages and disadvantages of sequential, parallel, and integrated approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":7736,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol Research : Current Reviews","volume":"34 4","pages":"414-31"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31357125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of alcohol dependence and withdrawal on stress responsiveness and alcohol consumption. 酒精依赖和戒断对应激反应和酒精消耗的影响。
IF 9.4 1区 医学
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Howard C Becker
{"title":"Effects of alcohol dependence and withdrawal on stress responsiveness and alcohol consumption.","authors":"Howard C Becker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A complex relationship exists between alcohol-drinking behavior and stress. Alcohol has anxiety-reducing properties and can relieve stress, while at the same time acting as a stressor and activating the body's stress response systems. In particular, chronic alcohol exposure and withdrawal can profoundly disturb the function of the body's neuroendocrine stress response system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. A hormone, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which is produced and released from the hypothalamus and activates the pituitary in response to stress, plays a central role in the relationship between stress and alcohol dependence and withdrawal. Chronic alcohol exposure and withdrawal lead to changes in CRF activity both within the HPA axis and in extrahypothalamic brain sites. This may mediate the emergence of certain withdrawal symptoms, which in turn influence the susceptibility to relapse. Alcohol-related dysregulation of the HPA axis and altered CRF activity within brain stress-reward circuitry also may play a role in the escalation of alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent individuals. Numerous mechanisms have been suggested to contribute to the relationship between alcohol dependence, stress, and drinking behavior. These include the stress hormones released by the adrenal glands in response to HPA axis activation (i.e., corticosteroids), neuromodulators known as neuroactive steroids, CRF, the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, and other stress-related molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":7736,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol Research : Current Reviews","volume":"34 4","pages":"448-58"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31357128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stress and alcohol: epidemiologic evidence. 压力与酒精:流行病学证据
IF 9.4 1区 医学
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews Pub Date : 2012-01-01
K M Keyes, M L Hatzenbuehler, Bridget F Grant, Deborah S Hasin
{"title":"Stress and alcohol: epidemiologic evidence.","authors":"K M Keyes,&nbsp;M L Hatzenbuehler,&nbsp;Bridget F Grant,&nbsp;Deborah S Hasin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to stress often is psychologically distressing. The impact of stress on alcohol use and the risk of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) depends on the type, timing during the life course, duration, and severity of the stress experienced. Four important categories of stressors that can influence alcohol consumption are general life stress, catastrophic/fateful stress, childhood maltreatment, and minority stress. General life stressors, including divorce and job loss, increase the risk for AUDs. Exposure to terrorism or other disasters causes population-level increases in overall alcohol consumption but little increase in the incidence of AUDs. However, individuals with a history of AUDs are more likely to drink to cope with the traumatic event. Early onset of drinking in adolescence, as well as adult AUDs, are more common among people who experience childhood maltreatment. Finally, both perceptions and objective indicators of discrimination are associated with alcohol use and AUDs among racial/ethnic and sexual minorities. These observations demonstrate that exposure to stress in many forms is related to subsequent alcohol consumption and AUDs. However, many areas of this research remain to be studied, including greater attention to the role of various stressors in the course of AUDs and potential risk moderators when individuals are exposed to stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7736,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol Research : Current Reviews","volume":"34 4","pages":"391-400"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31357123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identifying genetic variation for alcohol dependence. 鉴定酒精依赖的基因变异。
IF 9.4 1区 医学
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Arpana Agrawal, Laura J Bierut
{"title":"Identifying genetic variation for alcohol dependence.","authors":"Arpana Agrawal,&nbsp;Laura J Bierut","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers are using various strategies to identify the genes that may be associated with alcoholism. The initial efforts primarily relied on candidate gene and linkage studies; more recently, however, modern advances in genotyping have resulted in widespread use of genome-wide association studies for alcohol dependence. The key findings of the earlier studies were that variations (i.e., polymorphisms) in the DNA sequences of the genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (i.e., the ADH1B gene), aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (i.e., the ALDH2 gene), and other alcohol-metabolizing enzymes mediate the risk for alcoholism; moreover, these polymorphisms also have an impact on the risk of alcohol-related cancers, such as esophageal cancer. In addition, a gene encoding one of the receptors for the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) known as GABRA2 seems to have a role in the development of alcohol dependence. Genome-wide association studies now offer a host of emerging opportunities, as well as challenges, for discovering the genetic etiology of alcohol dependence and for unveiling new treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7736,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol Research : Current Reviews","volume":"34 3","pages":"274-81"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3662475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31032892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Childhood trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol dependence. 童年创伤、创伤后应激障碍和酒精依赖。
IF 9.4 1区 医学
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Kathleen T Brady, Sudie E Back
{"title":"Childhood trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol dependence.","authors":"Kathleen T Brady,&nbsp;Sudie E Back","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early-childhood trauma is strongly associated with developing mental health problems, including alcohol dependence, later in life. People with early-life trauma may use alcohol to help cope with trauma-related symptoms. This article reviews the prevalence of early-childhood trauma and its robust association with the development of alcohol use disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. It also examines the potential biological mechanisms by which early adverse experiences can result in long-lasting changes in neurobiology underlying this vulnerability, as well as pharmacological and behavioral interventions. Recent investigations highlight the importance of assessing trauma among patients with alcohol use disorders and the positive benefits associated with the application of integrative psychosocial interventions that target both trauma-related symptoms and alcohol dependence.</p>","PeriodicalId":7736,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol Research : Current Reviews","volume":"34 4","pages":"408-13"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31357124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bridging Animal and Human Models: Translating From (and to) Animal Genetics. 桥接动物和人类模型:翻译从(和)动物遗传学。
IF 9.4 1区 医学
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Amanda M Barkley-Levenson, John C Crabbe
{"title":"Bridging Animal and Human Models: Translating From (and to) Animal Genetics.","authors":"Amanda M Barkley-Levenson,&nbsp;John C Crabbe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetics play an important role in the development and course of alcohol abuse, and understanding genetic contributions to this disorder may lead to improved preventative and therapeutic strategies in the future. Studies both in humans and in animal models are necessary to fully understand the neurobiology of alcoholism from the molecular to the cognitive level. By dissecting the complex facets of alcoholism into discrete, well-defined phenotypes that are measurable in both human populations and animal models of the disease, researchers will be better able to translate findings across species and integrate the knowledge obtained from various disciplines. Some of the key areas of alcoholism research where consilience between human and animal studies is possible are alcohol withdrawal severity, sensitivity to rewards, impulsivity, and dysregulated alcohol consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":7736,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol Research : Current Reviews","volume":"34 3","pages":"325-35"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3589126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31031223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of gene-environment interaction on alcohol use disorders. 基因-环境相互作用对酒精使用障碍的影响。
IF 9.4 1区 医学
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Danielle M Dick, Kenneth S Kendler
{"title":"The impact of gene-environment interaction on alcohol use disorders.","authors":"Danielle M Dick,&nbsp;Kenneth S Kendler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes three types of gene-environment interactions and the challenges inherent in interpreting these interactions. It also reports on what is known about gene-environment interactions in the field of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Twin studies of the interaction of genetic and environmental influences on AUDs have resulted in relatively consistent findings and have suggested general mechanisms for interaction effects. These studies generally find that environments that exert more social control (e.g., higher parental monitoring, less migratory neighborhoods, etc.) tend to reduce genetic influences, whereas other environments allow greater opportunity to express genetic predispositions, such as those characterized by more deviant peers and greater alcohol availability. Conversely, the gene-environment literature that has been developed surrounding specific genes has focused largely on the role of stress as a moderator of genetic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7736,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol Research : Current Reviews","volume":"34 3","pages":"318-24"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3606909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31031221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immune function genes, genetics, and the neurobiology of addiction. 免疫功能基因、遗传学和成瘾的神经生物学。
IF 9.4 1区 医学
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Fulton T Crews
{"title":"Immune function genes, genetics, and the neurobiology of addiction.","authors":"Fulton T Crews","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The neuroimmune system (i.e., the immune system and those components of the nervous system that help regulate immune responses), and in particular the innate immune system, play a role in the development of addictions, including alcoholism, particularly in the context of stressful situations. Certain cells of the neuroimmune system are activated both by stress and by environmental factors such as alcohol, resulting in the induction of genes involved in innate immunity. One of the molecules mediating this gene induction is a regulatory protein called nuclear factor-κB, which activates many innate immune genes. Innate immune gene induction in certain brain regions (e.g., the frontal cortex), in turn, can disrupt decision making, which is a characteristic of addiction to alcohol and other drugs. Likewise, altered neuroimmune signaling processes are linked to alcohol-induced negative affect and depression-like behaviors and also regulate alcohol-drinking behavior. Moreover, the expression of several genes and proteins involved in innate immunity is enhanced in addicted people. Finally, specific variants of multiple innate immune genes are associated with the genetic risk for alcoholism in humans, further strengthening the connection between increased brain innate immune gene expression and alcohol addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":7736,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol Research : Current Reviews","volume":"34 3","pages":"355-61"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31031226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing the genetic risk for alcohol use disorders. 评估酒精使用障碍的遗传风险。
IF 9.4 1区 医学
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Tatiana Foroud, Tamara J Phillips
{"title":"Assessing the genetic risk for alcohol use disorders.","authors":"Tatiana Foroud,&nbsp;Tamara J Phillips","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The past two decades have witnessed a revolution in the field of genetics which has led to a rapid evolution in the tools and techniques available for mapping genes that contribute to genetically complex disorders such as alcohol dependence. Research in humans and in animal models of human disease has provided important new information. Among the most commonly applied approaches used in human studies are family studies, case-control studies, and genome-wide association studies. Animal models have been aimed at identifying genetic regions or individual genes involved in different aspects of alcoholism, using such approaches as quantitative trait locus analysis, genome sequencing, knockout animals, and other sophisticated molecular genetic techniques. All of these approaches have led to the identification of several genes that seem to influence the risk for alcohol dependence, which are being further analyzed. Newer studies, however, also are attempting to look at the genetic basis of alcoholism at the level of the entire genome, moving beyond the study of individual genes toward analyses of gene interactions and gene networks in the development of this devastating disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7736,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol Research : Current Reviews","volume":"34 3","pages":"266-72"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31032891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alcohol and stress in the military. 军队里的酒精和压力
IF 9.4 1区 医学
Alcohol Research : Current Reviews Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Jeremiah A Schumm, Kathleen M Chard
{"title":"Alcohol and stress in the military.","authors":"Jeremiah A Schumm,&nbsp;Kathleen M Chard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although research has independently linked stress experienced by military personnel to both alcohol use and posttraumatic stress disorder, more recently researchers have noted that there also is a significant overlap between stress reactions and alcohol use in veterans and active-duty service members. This overlap seems to be most understood in individuals who have experienced combat or military sexual trauma. This article will provide a brief review of some potential causal mechanisms underlying this relationship, including self-medication and genetic vulnerability models. It also addresses the possible implications for assessment and treatment of military personnel with co-occurring disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":7736,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol Research : Current Reviews","volume":"34 4","pages":"401-7"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31355632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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