Agricultural Systems最新文献

{"title":"Assessing methane and nitrous oxide emissions in lowland rice-soybean cropping systems through crop modeling","authors":"Evandro H. Figueiredo Moura da Silva ,&nbsp;Gerrit Hoogenboom ,&nbsp;Kenneth J. Boote ,&nbsp;Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro ,&nbsp;Cheryl H. Porter ,&nbsp;Santiago Vianna Cuadra ,&nbsp;Silvio Steinmetz ,&nbsp;Carlos E. Pellegrino Cerri","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The southern lowlands of Brazil, characterized by hydromorphic soils suited for flooded paddy rice, play a key role in food security. In recent years, rice-soybean crop rotations have been adopted to improve system profitability and sustainability. However, their implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions lack sufficient investigation in subtropical conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the performance of the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES-Rice and CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean models in simulating grain yield and methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in a rice-soybean rotation system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Field experiments were conducted over four seasons (2019–2023) in Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil. Rice was grown under continuous flooding and soybean under rainfed conditions. The DSSAT v.4.8.2 models simulated yield and GHG emissions, evaluated using normalized bias (nBias), index of agreement (D-statistic), and root mean square error (RMSE).</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>Simulated yields showed good agreement with observations, with average nBias of 8.7 % for rice and 17.3 % for soybean. Average daily CH₄ emissions were 1.73 (measured) and 1.34 kg[C] ha⁻¹ d⁻¹ (simulated) for rice, and 0.05 (measured) and 0.03 kg[C] ha⁻¹ d⁻¹ (simulated) for soybean. D-statistics ranged from 0.71 to 0.94. N₂O emissions were low, with values close to 0.01 kg[N] ha⁻¹ d⁻¹ for rice and near zero for soybean, with D-statistics from 0.52 to 0.82.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The findings revealed distinct differences in CH₄ emissions between rice and soybean phases within the rotation system, and the modeling framework adequately represented these crop-specific emission patterns. The satisfactory performance of the models underscores their potential as robust tools to inform sustainable management practices and guide GHG mitigation efforts in subtropical hydromorphic soil environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 104478"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating projections of the costs of pesticide regulation: Evidence from California's chlorpyrifos withdrawal","authors":"Benjamin W Lee ,&nbsp;Kevi Mace ,&nbsp;James Keeler ,&nbsp;Sam Raburn ,&nbsp;Daniel Schuurman ,&nbsp;Yanan Zheng ,&nbsp;Rachael Goodhue","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Regulations restricting the use of pesticide active ingredients are often enacted because new information on environmental and human health hazards is identified. Restrictions on pesticide use can disrupt pest management programs and cause significant economic impacts depending on the price, availability, and effectiveness of alternative products. When developing policies, regulators often face legal requirements to obtain projections of the costs of potential regulations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Ex-ante analyses are important in guiding policy decisions, but post-hoc evaluation of cost projection methods and results is rarely conducted. Our study aimed to identify how unpredictable changes in pest management practices, product prices, and agricultural systems in response to regulation or external factors may affect the accuracy of projections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluate the accuracy of projections made prior to the 2020 withdrawal of the insecticide chlorpyrifos in California using data from the post-withdrawal period 2020–2022 and identify the relative contributions of changes in crop acreage, pesticide prices, and pesticide use decisions to management costs in six commodities (almond, alfalfa, citrus, cotton, grape, and walnut).</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>We find changes in statewide acreage contributed most to differences between projected and realized costs; increased almond acreage led to underestimated costs, while decreased alfalfa, cotton, and table grape acreage overestimated costs. Increases in pesticide prices contributed most to underestimated costs in citrus, wine grapes, and walnuts. In most cases, the assumption that alternatives would replace chlorpyrifos proportionate to their use prior to withdrawal was accurate.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>We conclude that economic projections of costs of pesticide regulations pre-enactment can adequately represent realized costs and identify ways to enrich ex-ante analyses based on available information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 104474"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying contributions of efficiency-enhanced nitrogen fertilizers to maize production and environment: Evidence for sustainable agriculture policy framework","authors":"Zheng Liu ,&nbsp;Wenli Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhi Wang ,&nbsp;Yao Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiahui Cheng ,&nbsp;Xinbing Wang ,&nbsp;Baoyuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Zaisong Ding ,&nbsp;Guohua Mi ,&nbsp;Congfeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>Maize is crucial for global food security. China's Golden Maize Belt is a major maize production area. However, the sustainability of maize production in this region faces challenges from high nitrogen fertilizer application, low utilization efficiency, and severe nitrogen loss. The use of efficiency-enhanced nitrogen fertilizers, such as controlled-release fertilizer and that containing nitrification inhibitor etc. normally increases nitrogen use efficiency, yet this might have limited economic benefits due to high costs although its benefits in term of ecology and human health could be foreseen.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of efficiency-enhanced nitrogen fertilizers in maize production, further developing a policy framework for sustainable agriculture.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>A split-plot field experiment was conducted with nitrogen fertilizer types as the main plots (including no nitrogen application, application of common urea and application of mixture with 50 % common urea and 50 % controlled-release urea), and nitrification inhibitor as the sub-plots (including no application and application of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate). Maize productivity, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen-saving potential, greenhouse gas emissions, and eco-economic benefits were measured.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>The efficiency-enhanced nitrogen fertilizers significantly increased maize productivity by 3.1 %–11.4 % and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency by 7.3 %–26.8 % compared with common urea, with the controlled-release urea having a more prominent effect on grain yield. They also significantly reduced global warming potential by 11.0 %–24.7 % and greenhouse gas intensity by 10.2 %–29.1 %. However, the combined application of controlled-release urea and nitrification inhibitor had a subadditive effect on greenhouse gas mitigation. Addition of nitrification inhibitor leads to similar economic input (34.3 versus 34.5 $ ha⁻¹) from the farmer, lower ecological premium paid by the government and the public (105.8 versus 151.0 $ ha⁻¹), and a higher return on investment (4.2 versus 2.5) in maize production compared with controlled-release urea, which is therefore readily acceptable to all parties involved. Although the combined use of efficiency-enhanced nitrogen fertilizers brought ecological benefits of 248.9 $ ha⁻¹, farmers needed economic support from the government and the public of 97.9 and 104.9 $ ha⁻¹.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>This study is novel in comprehensively quantifying the impacts of the efficiency-enhanced nitrogen fertilizers on maize production and greenhouse gas emission, and proposes a cost-sharing policy framework for sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 104488"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree species selection for ecosystem services and resilience in agroforestry systems","authors":"Tom Staton ,&nbsp;Kate Beauchamp ,&nbsp;Alice Broome ,&nbsp;Laurence G. Smith ,&nbsp;Tom D. Breeze","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Agroforestry systems have generated significant interest from research, policy and practice for their potential to deliver multiple ecosystem services alongside food production. However, information on tree species selection to maximise benefits and minimise risks is highly fragmented.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluates how tree species in agroforestry systems influence ecosystem services and resilience to climate change and biotic threats, focussing on a UK context.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A rapid literature review assessed 33 tree species and 17 attributes related to ecosystem services and resilience, selected with input from 28 stakeholders. We analysed correlations among attributes of tree species relating to ecosystem services and resilience and identified synergies and trade-offs. We used cluster analysis to define functional groups of tree species.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>Nine species clusters were identified, each with distinct benefits and risks in terms of ecosystem services and resilience attributes. Taxonomically similar species tended to have similar ecosystem service and resilience attributes. Correlation analysis identified trade-offs between the value of tree species to wildlife and projected future range. We identify further research needs to understand and communicate the role of tree species selection for agroforestry systems, particularly with regard to soil-related factors such as acidification, nutrient and organic matter accumulation, and pollution mitigation.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Species selection at farm and local levels should be guided by local ecosystem service and resilience priorities alongside management objectives. At regional and national levels, we advocate for a taxonomically diverse range of species to support multifunctional, resilient agroforestry systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 104476"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritizing climate-smart agricultural technologies for coastal Bangladesh: A multicriteria assessment","authors":"Shamim Mia ,&nbsp;Nawshin Tabassum Roja ,&nbsp;Md Abdus Sattar ,&nbsp;Rayhan Ahmed ,&nbsp;Md Isfatuzzaman Bhuyan ,&nbsp;Md Rafiqul Islam ,&nbsp;Aparajita Badhan ,&nbsp;Md Kamrul Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>Climate change is one of the challenges that severely affects agricultural production. The effect of climate change in the coastal areas of Bangladesh is already evident due to salinity, flooding, and cyclones. Although climate-smart agricultural (CSA) technologies can help farmers fight against the changing climate, location-specific assessment guidelines are lacking for suitable CSA selection.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This paper aims for a comprehensive multicriteria assessment (MCA) to identify the most suitable CSA technologies under diversified agro-ecological and economic conditions in the Barishal region. We evaluated suitability by synthesizing physical resources, climatic conditions, potential hazards, and farmers' capacities with scores based on expert consultation.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>An index-based MCA approach was used by estimating a weighted scoring technique (40 % soil, 20 % climate, 20 % hazard avoidance, and 20 % economic feasibility). Data were collected from literature review, government reports, expert opinions, and Bangladesh Meteorological Department.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>The CSA technologies, such as mixed farming, floating bed vegetable cultivation, flood-tolerant crop varieties, water harvesting, and ‘sorjan’ farming method are more suitable for Barishal region. The performance of these CSA practices varied with agro-ecological conditions. The findings provide a practical tool for selection of suitable CSA technologies in coastal agro-ecosystems.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>Given the vital role of the MCA framework for prioritizing CSA, this tool can be used for CSA policy planning, extension services, and climate-resilient sustainable agricultural development in coastal Bangladesh and similar geological and climatological contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 104489"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying global food trade: A net caloric content approach to food trade network analysis","authors":"Xiaopeng Wang ,&nbsp;Chengyi Tu ,&nbsp;Shuhao Chen ,&nbsp;Sicheng Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Fan ,&nbsp;Samir Suweis ,&nbsp;Paolo D'Odorico","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>As the global population increases and the per capita demand for resource-intensive diets rises, the resulting surge in food demand places greater pressure on the global food system, intensifying its reliance on trade. While much of the existing literature has primarily focused on bilateral trade relationships between countries—many of which are over a decade old—with limited recent contributions.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This study presents a novel framework for analyzing global food trade dynamics by conceptualizing food trade in terms of net caloric content. Unlike previous approaches that focus primarily on trade volume, our method accounts for the net caloric value of food exchanges, providing deeper insights into the nutritional balance and food security of countries.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>Using directed, weighted networks to model net caloric flows between countries from 1986 to 2023, we highlight the significant role of nutritional considerations in food security and trade policy. We further employ network metrics—such as connectivity, heterogeneity, modularity, and node correlation similarity—to explore the structural dynamics of global net food calorie trade networks.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>The analysis reveals substantial heterogeneity in trade patterns, with specific countries emerging as key exporters and importers of calories. Our findings also show that the global food trade network has become increasingly integrated, with growing connectivity facilitating the redistribution of food calories, yet also increasing vulnerability to global disruptions.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>The study underscores the importance of incorporating nutritional balance into the discussion of food security, offering a more holistic understanding of global food trade dynamics and highlighting the need for more robust policies to ensure food security in an increasingly interconnected world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 104475"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the feasibility of achieving agricultural development targets in alignment with the development blueprint of Kon Tum Province, Vietnam","authors":"Hoang Ha Anh ,&nbsp;Dang Nguyen Dong Phuong ,&nbsp;Tran Minh Da Hanh ,&nbsp;Phan Thi Ha ,&nbsp;Nguyen Kim Loi","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>Kon Tum provincial government has released long-term development plans aimed at transforming primary crops into specialized cultivation zones. However, the justification behind establishing these figures as future goals for the province remains unaddressed. It is imperative that policy implementation steers clear of unrealistic objectives that could potentially clash with other development priorities, induce changes in land use, and neglect the crucial interplay between production expansion and environmental as well as social factors. Despite its significance, the evaluation of agricultural development aligned with sustainable plans often goes overlooked.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This study's research objectives are two-fold. Firstly, it aims to construct a comprehensive model to scrutinize the interplay of factors within Kon Tum's agricultural sector, encompassing socioeconomics and environmental elements. Secondly, to assess the feasibility of realizing cultivation zones in alignment with Kon Tum province's development targets under future climate, population, and economic development scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>Utilizing a system dynamics model, the study simulates the agricultural system in Kon Tum from 2010 to 2100 across five scenarios. The model comprises several interconnected subsystems representing climate, agriculture, social aspects, and economic factors.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>The findings indicated that only coffee and rubber production were projected to meet their respective future targets among the five key crops identified for development. Paddy, cassava, and fruit crops would fall short of their designated cultivation areas. Additionally, without strategic interventions, agriculture's contribution to the province's GDP was estimated to diminish to only 15 % by 2050. Moreover, there would be an observable gradual transition of Kon Tum's workforce from agriculture to other economic sectors, although agriculture still creates work opportunities for at least 34 % of the labor force.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>This research underscores the importance of setting realistic agricultural development goals considering climate risks, food demands, workforce dynamics, and economic advancements. The findings offer insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to devise effective strategies for sustainable agricultural development in Kon Tum and similar regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 104485"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-resilient optimization of spatially targeted conservation practices for cost-effective rice paddy management","authors":"Dong-Hyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Younggu Her ,&nbsp;Taeil Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>Rice paddies are crucial for global food security, requiring significant water and management, and their efficiency is highly sensitive to climate variability. Climate change poses challenges to water availability and the effectiveness of conservation practices in rice systems.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This study seeks to address the existing research gap in understanding the impacts of climate change on rice paddy hydrology and management efficiency. The goal is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Agricultural Conservation Practices (ACPs) under climate projections, optimizing practices that reduce nitrogen loads, maximize environmental benefits, and remain economically viable.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>The study developed the SWAPX model by integrating the APEX-Paddy and SWAT models to simulate rice paddy hydrology and watershed drainage. Four Global Climate Models (GCMs) were used to project future climate conditions, and a sequential algorithm identified cost-effective conservation strategies to reduce nitrogen and resource use.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSTIONS</h3><div>Results revealed that targeting conservation practices in specific subbasins reduced costs, lowered nitrogen loads, and conserved rice productivity. The effectiveness of these practices varied under different climate scenarios, highlighting the need for adaptive management strategies. Optimizing conservation efforts in high-impact subbasins can ensure cost-effective, sustainable practices.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>This research offers insights into adaptive management strategies for mitigating climate change impacts on rice paddy hydrology and water quality. The findings provide practical guidance for policymakers and farmers to design cost-effective, climate-resilient agricultural systems that sustain productivity and reduce environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 104486"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the impact of COVID-19 on climate smart agriculture strategies of smallholder farmers in coastal Bangladesh","authors":"T.S. Amjath-Babu ,&nbsp;Md. Mamun-ur-Rashid ,&nbsp;Sumona Shahrin ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Krupnik","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104472","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Context&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) strategies of smallholder farmers include intensification, diversification, alteration of farming practices, and transformation to other enterprises, along with mitigation of greenhouse gases and temporary or permanent migration. The determination of CSA strategies relies on livelihood capitals, namely physical, natural, human, social, financial, information, and technological capitals of smallholder farmers. The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted shifts in CSA strategies, with variations dependent on these capitals.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study aims at developing a conceptual and methodological framework to understand external disruptions like the impact of COVID-19 on CSA adoption and how the livelihood capitals and environmental conditions influence these impacts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study develops a composite indicator of the changes in CSA strategies and links them to indicators of human, physical, financial, social, natural, and information capital through quantitative regression models.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results and conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The results unraveled varied impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on climate-smart agriculture in Bangladesh. The findings revealed that among the climate-smart agricultural strategies, intensification efforts were least affected, diversification showed a mixed picture, whereas seasonal migration experienced a significant negative impact. Ownership of physical capital, such as machinery, enhanced intensification, given the shortage of hired machinery and labor services during the pandemic period. Similarly, information capital, as reflected in mobile phone ownership, played a decisive role in improving farm productivity and income. Level of income loss during COVID period and difficulties in accessing credit increased migration while size of loan increased diversification. Canal irrigation access increased intensification and migration and reduced diversification.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Significance&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In response to the COVID-19 crisis, the government of Bangladesh has supported activities that favored the intensification of production of major crops. It appears to be successful in maintaining the intensity of staple crop cultivation despite the substantial impacts of COVID-19. It is observed that the rate of change in uptake of resilience-building agricultural practices, greenhouse gas mitigation practices and transformation to aquaculture from agriculture were stalled during the COVID-19 pandemic years. The results argue for policies to improve how finance is provided, extension services are delivered, and cellular mobile access is ensured, especially for marginal and women farmers. Difficulties in accessing loans increased migration and larger sized loans pushed farmers to diversification. Therefore, schemes to restructure farm credit need to be explored. To enhance migration as an adaptation strategy during p","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 104472"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reshaping agricultural production systems: Trade-offs and implications for sustainable intensification and environment management","authors":"Van Touch ,&nbsp;Ariane Utomo ,&nbsp;Nicholas Harrigan ,&nbsp;Caitlin Finlayson ,&nbsp;Andrew McGregor ,&nbsp;Katharine McKinnon ,&nbsp;Thong Anh Tran ,&nbsp;Le-Anne Bannan ,&nbsp;Daniel K.Y. Tan ,&nbsp;Phan Sophanara ,&nbsp;Panhaleak Chay ,&nbsp;Sophea Yous ,&nbsp;Kirt Hainzer ,&nbsp;Brian R. Cook","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>As global food production is projected to double to meet future food demand, reshaping agricultural systems to balance productivity with environmental sustainability is a critical challenge. Cambodia, where smallholder farming dominates and rural communities face increasing socioeconomic and environmental pressures.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This study aims to provide empirical evidence on viable intensification strategies for smallholders in Northwest Cambodia which enhance food security, reduce poverty, and promote environmental sustainability, offering practical insights to address these global priorities through locally grounded solutions.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>This study integrates demographic-socioeconomic data from a census of 997 upland households and farming practices from 46 maize plots to assess trade-offs and to navigate pathways for sustainable and resilient agricultural production.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>The analysis reveals moderate-investment practices, defined by targeted and efficient input application, were highly effective, achieving yields comparable to high-investment practices (characterised by intensive chemical application), while significantly reducing environmental costs (US$134.79 per hectare) compared to low-investment practices (which applied inputs minimally). If extended, this reduction could translate to annual environmental cost savings of US$700,597 in Cambodia and US$1.16 billion across Southeast Asia. Additionally, these practices reduced production costs by US$116 per hectare and increased profits by US$23 per hectare, resulting in annual profit gains of US$707,200 in Cambodia and US$198 million across Southeast Asia. Both low- and high-investment strategies exhibited inefficiencies and higher environmental costs, underscoring the importance of balanced resource use. The analysis further uncovers critical challenges faced by smallholders, including financial constraints, climate variability, and technical knowledge gaps, which hinder their capacity to adopt sustainable practices.</div></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><div>This study contributes to the global discourse on sustainable intensification by demonstrating moderate-investment practices can optimise farm profitability and environmental sustainability. By addressing the triple challenges of climate variability, resource constraints, and technical knowledge gaps, these findings offer actionable strategies for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers aiming to develop sustainable and resilient agricultural systems that align with global sustainability goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 104484"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}