Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Preventing relapses of breast cancer with modified radical mastectomy.","authors":"E Forni,&nbsp;M G Valesi","doi":"10.1007/BF02987174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Better prevention and early detection have improved the percentage of early cancers among all the treated breast tumors to about 40%. After the first demonstration in Milan in 1981 that even conservative surgery can effectively prevent tumor relapses, radical and modified radical mastectomy was compared in 136 and 127 women, respectively. The groups were well stratified as regards age, menopause, T- and N-status. No difference was found in 10-yr survival (58.8 and 59.8%, respectively) or local relapses (9.5 and 10%, respectively) or general relapses. The median disease-free survival was 10 yr in both groups. The results suggest that in T1-T2a, N0-N1b M0 unilateral breast cancer relapses are prevented as effectively with modified radical as with radical mastectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":77257,"journal":{"name":"Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"159-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02987174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12965001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron, free radicals and cancer.","authors":"P Reizenstein","doi":"10.1007/BF02987191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Free radicals, intermediates in the tissue damage caused by radiation, are formed, inter alia, in interactions catalyzed by iron, which synergizes with radiation and some cytostatics (anthracyclins) in causing cell damage. Conversely, iron chelators can counteract cell damage. Similarly, antioxidants can slow atherogenesis, caused in part by oxidative stress and free radicals. Cell damage is also prevented by physiological defense systems like superoxide dismutase, against endogenous free radicals formed by granulocytes, monocytes, etc. Iron can thus induce free radicals which cause DNA double strand breaks and oncogene activation. This is suggested by four epidemiological studies suggesting a higher cancer risk in patients with larger iron stores than in those with small iron stores. In addition to its effect on carcinogenesis, iron can also maintain the growth of malignant cells as well as growth of pathogens. Breast cancer cells, for instance, display 5-15 times more transferrin receptors than normal breast tissue. Iron-carrying transferrin is in fact a growth factor. Hyposideremia in patients with cancer or infection is not a paraphenomenon but a functioning defense mechanism ('nutritional immunity'). If this immunity is broken by iron administration, relapses of diseases like tuberculosis, brucellosis, and malaria have been described. While iron-deficiency anemia should of course be diagnosed, treated and if possible prevented, there are good reasons to avoid over-utilization of medicamental iron.</p>","PeriodicalId":77257,"journal":{"name":"Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy","volume":"8 4","pages":"229-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02987191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12982261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological detection of bone and bone marrow metastases.","authors":"H Jacobsson,&nbsp;H Göransson","doi":"10.1007/BF02987194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone scintigraphy is the primary method for the diagnosis of skeletal metastases. This investigation is sensitive, but the interpretation must be performed in the knowledge that it is also nonspecific. Despite this, a correct diagnosis can usually be achieved. The first-hand supplementary investigation, after a doubtful scintigraphic finding, is radiography. In most cases this is sufficient for a diagnosis. When a scintigraphic abnormality cannot be adequately explained, usually because of a negative radiographic examination, a more sensitive modality must be used. Computerized tomography offers increased sensitivity and specificity, and is primarily used for this purpose. In this way contrast resolution is increased and problems caused by obscuring tissue and complicated anatomy are reduced. Since bone metastases migrate via the active bone marrow an alternative supplementary investigation is bone marrow scintigraphy. Its usefulness is restricted by disturbing activity, from the liver and the spleen, which obscures a significant part of the active marrow, and by the fact that a lesion must be of a certain size to become apparent. Magnetic resonance imaging yields excellent images of the extension of a tumor in soft tissue. Owing to high costs and restricted availability it is still mainly used for preoperative location of metastases.</p>","PeriodicalId":77257,"journal":{"name":"Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy","volume":"8 4","pages":"253-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02987194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12982264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eradication of leukaemic marrow and prevention of leukaemia relapse with total body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation.","authors":"F Frassoni","doi":"10.1007/BF02987179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A series of studies was carried out to determine the effect of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on leukaemia. The study aimed at two different, but strictly linked issues: (1) identification of the eradication capability of BMT, and (2) evaluation of the effect of BMT, both in preventing relapse and in producing long-term disease-free survival. Fifty-four patients allografted for leukaemia were evaluated at various intervals, after bone marrow transplantation, for the presence of host haemopoiesis using red-blood-cell and cytogenetic markers. Among 40 patients in remission, 10 showed functional host and donor haemopoiesis (mixed chimerism), while in 30, host haemopoiesis was never detected (complete chimerism). Seven of the 14 evaluable patients who relapsed showed the reappearance of host haemopoiesis at the time of relapse. The records of received doses of TBI indicate that patients who achieved mixed chimerism, either relapsing or not, received significantly lower doses than complete chimeras. However, some patients with complete chimerism received a TBI dose equivalent to the dose received by those with mixed chimerism, suggesting that the TBI dose is not the only factor determining the reappearance of host haemopoiesis. The data on chimerism and relapse suggest that there is heterogeneity in radiosensitivity between normal marrow cells and leukaemic cells, and further, within the different types of leukaemia. The incidence/severity of acute and chronic graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) was significantly higher in complete chimeras than in mixed chimeras suggesting that mixed chimerism may play a role in the development of tolerance; however, it could be the tolerance (i.e. absence of GvHD) which is responsible for the persistence of host haemopoietic cells. One-hundred-and-sixty-eight patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukaemia were analyzed for risk factor associated with relapse. All patients received marrow from an HLA identical sibling after preparation with cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg and total body irradiation (TBI) of 330 cGy on days -3, -2, -1. There was a difference of +/- 18% between the nominal total dose of 990 cGy and the actual received dose as indicated by dosimetric recordings. While interstitial pneumonitis had minimal impact on survival there was a considerable difference in the incidence of relapses. The incidence of relapse was higher in patients receiving less, than in patients receiving more than 1000 cGy respectively and this had a major impact on survival. However, transplant-related mortality was slightly higher in the group of patients receiving higher doses of TBI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77257,"journal":{"name":"Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"189-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02987179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12964869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(131I)meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy and selective venous catheterization after thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma.","authors":"G Lupoli,&nbsp;G Lombardi,&nbsp;N Panza,&nbsp;B Biondi,&nbsp;G Pacilio,&nbsp;S Lastoria,&nbsp;M Salvatore","doi":"10.1007/BF02988565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fifteen patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT), who had persistently elevated levels of serum calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) after total thyroidectomy, were studied in order to localize the sites of the recurrent disease. Routine diagnostic examinations, including ultrasonography (US) and computed axial tomography (CAT), were carried out in all the cases. Scintigraphy with radio-iodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine ((131I)-MIBG) was performed in 13 cases; selective venous catheterization (SVC) to reveal a gradient of CT levels was performed in 12 cases. Ten patients underwent both (131I)-MIBG scintigraphy and SVC. US and CAT revealed the sites of recurrent tumor in only 4 out of the total 15 patients. SVC in basal conditions showed the presence of small metastases in 2 cases, and after intravenous stimulus with pentagastrin in 4 others. The MIBG scan showed metastatic foci of sporadic MCT in 2 patients, residual medullary thyroid tissue in 4 others, and a pheochromocytoma in a previously undiagnosed patient with Sipple's syndrome. More particularly, MIBG scan and SVC showed the localization of residual or metastatic tumor in 10 cases. In all 10 cases, results of the MIBG scan and SVC were confirmed as true positive by subsequent surgery and histopathologic examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77257,"journal":{"name":"Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02988565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13197713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcinogenicity of ultraviolet light","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/BF02988573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988573","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77257,"journal":{"name":"Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02988573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52307664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methotrexate, vinblastine, epidoxorubicin and cisplatin (M-VEC) in patients with locally advanced transitional bladder cancer.","authors":"A Frassoldati,&nbsp;M Federico,&nbsp;F Barbieri,&nbsp;M Brausi,&nbsp;C Pollastri,&nbsp;G Berri,&nbsp;G Castagnetti,&nbsp;P P Palladini,&nbsp;V Silingardi","doi":"10.1007/BF02988861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>M-VEC (methotrexate, vinblastine, epidoxorubicin and cisplatin), a new combined drug regimen in which epidoxorubicin has been substituted to adriamycin to reduce the toxicity of the original M-VAC chemotherapy, has been tested in 23 patients with locally advanced transitional cell bladder cancer (TCBC) (stage T2-T4 No Mo). After two to four courses, an objective response was observed in 19 patients, with 13 clinical complete responses. Seven patients underwent cystectomy after chemotherapy: one patient had no residual tumor on bladder specimens, five patients had a surgical eradication of the disease, while one patient had only a partial resection. Eight relapses of bladder carcinoma were observed, three among the surgically treated patients and five among patients who did not undergo cystectomy, with a median time-to-relapse of 9.7 months. Progression-free survival at 24 months was 52.3%. M-VEC regimen appears to be effective in locally advanced TCBC, with acceptable toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":77257,"journal":{"name":"Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy","volume":"8 2","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02988861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12912153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in cancer incidence, survival and mortality in northern Sweden 1960-1986.","authors":"P Lenner,&nbsp;H Jonsson,&nbsp;O Gardfjell","doi":"10.1007/BF02988862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of cancer on a population may be measured in several ways. Incidence, relative survival and mortality are frequently utilized for this purpose. Incidence and relative survival are, however, often influenced by changes in the diagnostics of incident cancer, particularly by an altered rate of detection of non-fatal cancer. Mortality, as traditionally studied, is often influenced by changes of death causes diagnostics or of coding routines. In an attempt to overcome some of these difficulties, the concept of excess mortality was suggested, which is independent of death cause diagnoses or coding routines, as well as of the rate of detection of non-fatal cancer. In order to elucidate time trends in the overall effects of cancer we analysed incidence, survival and mortality from all cancer in the northern region of Sweden 1960-1986. An increasing age-adjusted cancer incidence was paralleled by an improvement in relative survival, whereas age-adjusted cancer mortality was mainly unchanged, at least when studied as excess mortality. We interpreted these findings as due mainly to an increased detection of non-fatal cancer, and to an unchanged occurrence rate of fatal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":77257,"journal":{"name":"Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy","volume":"8 2","pages":"105-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02988862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12913086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interphase cell death as related to the cell cycle of melphalan-treated human myeloma cells.","authors":"J O Fernberg,&nbsp;R Lewensohn,&nbsp;S Skog","doi":"10.1007/BF02988855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of melphalan on cell loss, cell growth and cell-cycle traverse was studied on the human myeloma cell line RPMI 8226. Melphalan treatment resulted in arrest of cells in late S- and G2-phases in a population of unsynchronized cells. At high concentrations of melphalan (e.g. 40 microM), cell loss was noticed during the first cell cycle after melphalan treatment in addition to the aforementioned arrest of cells in late S and G2. The cell loss after melphalan treatment was further analysed in cells enriched for G1-phase. Cell death in this population of cells occurred between 24 and 48 hr after treatment as the cells were in S and moving over to G2.</p>","PeriodicalId":77257,"journal":{"name":"Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy","volume":"8 2","pages":"63-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02988855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12913089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5-Fluorouracil (FU) and mitomycin C (MMC) in the management of colorectal carcinoma. Part II. In vitro activity of the two drugs in short-term tumor cultures.","authors":"F Franchi,&nbsp;C Barone,&nbsp;P Seminara,&nbsp;G Codacci-Pisanelli,&nbsp;M Codacci-Pisanelli,&nbsp;G M Ferri,&nbsp;C Garufi,&nbsp;A Grieco,&nbsp;V Pagani","doi":"10.1007/BF02988857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eighty-seven colorectal adenocarcinomas from untreated patients were investigated by short term tumor cultures to test in vitro sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C. This study reports the preliminary results of a multistep program aimed at the prospective clinical application of the assay. At present this in vitro experience was performed in parallel with a clinical trial carried out with the same drugs. The in vitro activity of the two anticancer agents is in agreement with the response rate reported in monochemotherapy; our data would suggest an increase of responses using the combination of fluorouracil and mitomycin in comparison to single drug therapy. A low cosensitivity rate and a high number of cases sensitive to one drug but resistant to the other, account for the use of this test as screening of active drugs in the individual patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":77257,"journal":{"name":"Medical oncology and tumor pharmacotherapy","volume":"8 2","pages":"75-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02988857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12913091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}