Journal of neural transmission. General section最新文献

{"title":"The chemical structure of U99194A.","authors":"S R Haadsma-Svensson, M W Smith, K Svensson, N Waters, A Carlsson","doi":"10.1007/BF01271465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271465","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"99 1-3","pages":"I"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01271465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19559457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short and long-term changes in cerebral [14C]-2-deoxyglucose uptake in the MPTP-treated marmoset: relationship to locomotor activity.","authors":"K K Gnanalingham,&nbsp;N A Milkowski,&nbsp;L A Smith,&nbsp;A J Hunter,&nbsp;P Jenner,&nbsp;C D Marsden","doi":"10.1007/BF01271546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"short-term\" (0.7 +/- 0.1 months post-MPTP) and \"long-term\" effects (36.7 +/- 4.4 months) of MPTP treatment on motor behaviour and [14C]-2DG uptake were investigated in the common marmoset. The subcutaneous administration of MPTP greatly reduced locomotor activity (-94% with respect to controls) and induced motor disability in the \"short-term\" MPTP-treated marmoset group. In the \"long-term\" MPTP group, MPTP treatment did not significantly affect locomotor activity (-27% with respect to controls) and there was partial recovery of motor disability. In the \"short-term\" MPTP group, there were increases in [14C]-2DG uptake in the GPl (+31 to +37%), SNc (+34 to +42%), VTA (+35%), LC (+23%), PPN (+19%) and in the VA (+19%), VL (+20%) and AM (+17%) thalamic nuclei. [14C]-2DG uptake was decreased in the STN (-15%). In the \"long-term\" MPTP group, [14C]-2DG uptake was increased in the GPl (+18%), SNc (+27%), VTA (+25%), PPN (+19%), ventral caudate nucleus (+18 to +23%), NAc (+22%), F.Ctx (+18%) and in the VA (+34%), VL (+28%), AV (+33%) and AM (+24%) thalamic nuclei. [14C]-2DG uptake was unchanged in the STN. The increase in metabolic activity of the surviving DA neurones and/or the reactive gliosis may account for the initial increase in [14C]-2DG uptake in the SNc and VTA. On the other hand, in the \"long-term\" MPTP-treated animals the increase in [14C]-2DG uptake in the SNc (though less than in the \"short-term\" MPTP group), ventral caudate and NAc may reflect the regenerative changes in the dopaminergic system in these areas. Despite the behavioural recovery, [14C]-2DG uptake remained elevated in the target areas for medial pallidal output (the thalamic nuclei and PPN). However, the attenuation of the changes in [14C]-2DG uptake in the GPl and STN of \"long-term\" MPTP-treated marmosets suggest that the striato-GPl and GPl-STN outputs closely reflect motor function in this primate model of Parkinson's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"101 1-3","pages":"65-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01271546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19670333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidepressant-like effects of SR 57227A, a 5-HT3 receptor agonist, in rodents.","authors":"M Poncelet,&nbsp;A Perio,&nbsp;J Simiand,&nbsp;G Gout,&nbsp;P Soubrie,&nbsp;G Le Fur","doi":"10.1007/BF01276504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have investigated the effect of SR 57227A, a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist which crosses the blood brain barrier, on three rodent models in which antidepressants are active. In the forced swimming test, SR 57227A dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility in mice and rats after i.p. administration. (ED50 = 14.2 mg/kg i.p. in mice, and 7.6 mg/kg i.p. in rats.) The compound was also active in both species after oral administration. In a time-course study in mice, SR 57227A (20 mg/kg p.o.) produced a significant effect lasting 6 h. SR 57227A (1 and 3 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the elevation of the escape failures in the learned helplessness model in rats by 50-60% on the last two days of the avoidance task, and reduced isolation-induced aggressivity in mice by 50 to 85%, an effect which was antagonised by zacopride (1 mg/kg i.p.). These results suggest that the stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors can produce antidepressant-like effects in behavioral tests in rodents.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"102 2","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01276504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19720924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of monoamine uptake inhibitors given early postnatally on monoamines in the brain stem, caudate/putamen and cortex, and on dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the caudate/putamen.","authors":"I Hilakivi,&nbsp;L Ahtee,&nbsp;J O Rinne,&nbsp;T Taira,&nbsp;L M Attila,&nbsp;P Marjamaki","doi":"10.1007/BF01276509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rats were treated with desipramine 5 mg/kg, nomifensine 10 mg/kg, zimelidine 25 mg/kg or with 0.9% sodium chloride once a day during the second and third weeks after birth, and brain stem, caudate/putamen and cortical monoamines, and caudate/putamen dopamine D1 (3[H]SCH 23390) and D2 (3[H]spiroperidol) receptor binding were measured when rats were at two months of age. In the brain stem, the concentration of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl glycol was increased in nomifensine rats and the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased in zimelidine rats. In the caudate/putamen, the concentrations of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid and the ratio of homovanillic acid to dopamine were increased in desipramine rats; neither 3[H]SCH 23390 nor 3[H]spiroperidol binding were affected by any of the three monoamine uptake inhibiting antidepressants studied. In the cortex, the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased in desipramine and zimelidine rats. The findings suggest that desipramine but not nomifensine increases the metabolism of dopamine in the caudate/putamen and nomifensine but not desipramine increases the metabolism of norepinephrine in the brain stem, and furthermore that the metabolism of serotonin is affected by desipramine as well as by zimelidine. It is possible that also treatment of women with these drugs during late pregnancy causes long-lasting changes in the brain of human fetus.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"102 2","pages":"139-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01276509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19720929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuronal protective and rescue effects of deprenyl against MPP+ dopaminergic toxicity.","authors":"R M Wu,&nbsp;D L Murphy,&nbsp;C C Chiueh","doi":"10.1007/BF01276865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intranigral infusion of 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+, 2.1-16.8 nmol) dose-dependently injured nigral neurons as reflected by reduced dopamine levels in the ipsilateral striatum four days after the infusion of this toxic metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Coadministration of deprenyl (4.2 nmol) with MPP+ into the substantia nigra protected against MPP(+)-induced moderate (20-50%) but not severe (over 70%) nigral injury as reflected in striatal dopamine reductions. However, supplementary treatment with deprenyl (0.25 mg/kg, s.c., twice daily for 4 days) after intranigral infusion of MPP+ significantly rescued nigral neurons from more severe damage caused by a higher MPP+ does (8.4 nmol) manifested by a lesser striatal dopamine decrease (-31%) compared to the non-deprenyl treated group (-70%). Thus, in addition to the blockade of bioactivation of MPTP, deprenyl can protect and/or rescue nigral neurons from MPP(+)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. These in vivo data add further evidence to suggest that deprenyl, a putative and clinically unproven neuroprotective agent, may be of value in slowing the progressive nigral degeneration in \"early\" Parkinson's disease, but may prove to be less so in its terminal stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"100 1","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01276865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19721620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of [3H]inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate recognition sites in human cerebellar membranes.","authors":"A Garlind,&nbsp;R F Cowburn,&nbsp;C J Fowler","doi":"10.1007/BF01271533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The characteristics of specific [3H]Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 binding sites in human cerebellar membranes were determined in this study. Binding rapidly reached steady state, possessed a pH optimum of 4.5-5.1 and was greater in the absence of BSA than in its presence. Heparin inhibited both specific and pseudospecific binding of the ligand, whereas only the specific binding was inhibited by non-radioactive Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. Calcium at a concentration of 1 mM, reduced binding by 27%. Competition studies with other inositol phosphates showed specificity for Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 with a pI50 value of 6.87 and a Hill coefficient of 0.27, indicating two sites. Ins(1,2,5,6)P4, Ins(1,3,4,6)P5, Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 displaced binding with IC50 values ranging from 0.1-1 microM, Ins(1,2,5,6)P4 and Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 being the most potent. Ins(1,4)P2 and Ins(1,5,6)P3 had lesser effects on binding. Rosenthal analysis of [3H]Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 saturation binding data at low ligand concentrations gave a KD of 27 nM and a Bmax of 33 pmol/mg protein. It is concluded that [3H]Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 binding sites in human cerebellar membranes have similar characteristics to these sites reported in the literature in animal cerebellar tissue, but are in greater abundance.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"100 2","pages":"101-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01271533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19924821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homocysteinemia is a common feature of schizophrenia.","authors":"B Regland,&nbsp;B V Johansson,&nbsp;B Grenfeldt,&nbsp;L T Hjelmgren,&nbsp;M Medhus","doi":"10.1007/BF01271539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia have increased homocysteine levels that are unrelated to psychopharmacological medication or nutrient deficiency in folate or cobalamin. This supports the hypothesis that inherent methylation deficiency is involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"100 2","pages":"165-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01271539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19925390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of age on the GH response to sumatriptan administration in man.","authors":"V Coiro,&nbsp;R Volpi,&nbsp;C Davoli,&nbsp;G Caffarri,&nbsp;P Chiodera","doi":"10.1007/BF01271556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was undertaken in order to assess the influence of aging on the serotonergic control of GH secretion in humans. For this purpose, 6 mg 5-HT1D-serotonergic receptor agonist sumatriptan (or placebo during control tests) was injected subcutaneously in a group of 9 young (26-40 yr old) and a group of 9 elderly male subjects (64-80 yr old). Sumatriptan-induced plasma GH rise was recorded during the next 2 hours. Plasma ACTH levels were also measured. The administration of the placebo was without effects in all subjects. Sumatriptan induced a striking increase in plasma GH levels in the younger group, whereas it slightly increased GH secretion in the older group (f = 9.59, p < 0.02). Plasma ACTH levels showed a similar physiological decline in all subjects during tests, regardless of sumatriptan treatment. These data show impaired serotonergic stimulatory regulation of GH secretion in elderly subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"101 1-3","pages":"195-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01271556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19669633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in conflict behaviour and in plasma corticosterone levels.","authors":"D Pericić,&nbsp;N Pivac","doi":"10.1007/BF01271558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The levels of plasma corticosterone and conflict behaviour were followed in male and female water deprived Wistar rats exposed to the punished (0.2 or 0.8 mA) drinking test. The unpunished drinking, performed under familiar or unfamiliar conditions, and plasma corticosterone levels of these male and female rats were determined. Plasma corticosterone was elevated in water-deprived rats compared to rats under normal conditions. In all cases plasma corticosterone levels were considerably higher in water deprived females than in males. The highest levels in both sexes were obtained following drinking punished with 0.8 mA shocks. While the unpunished drinking did not differ between the two sexes, the punished drinking was significantly lower in females than in males. Although female rats displayed less punished licks and had higher plasma corticosterone levels than males, there was no correlation between the two parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"101 1-3","pages":"213-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01271558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19669635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of a full-length cDNA clone for human GTP cyclohydrolase I type 1 from pheochromocytoma.","authors":"T Nomura,&nbsp;M Ohtsuki,&nbsp;S Matsui,&nbsp;C Sumi-Ichinose,&nbsp;H Nomura,&nbsp;Y Hagino,&nbsp;K Iwase,&nbsp;H Ichinose,&nbsp;K Fujita,&nbsp;T Nagatsu","doi":"10.1007/BF01271561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the existence of three different cDNA forms of human GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH I) have been reported (Togari et al., 1992), the full-length sequence of any human GCH I cDNA involving poly (A) tail has not yet been documented. In the present study, we first isolated a full-length cDNA clone encoding human GCH I type 1 from human pheochromocytoma cDNA library. The length of the cDNA insert was 2,921 base pairs including poly (A) tail. RNA blot analysis showed a single mRNA species of 4.0 kb in human pheochromocytoma tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"101 1-3","pages":"237-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01271561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19669638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}