Journal of neural transmission. General section最新文献

{"title":"The effect of reserpine treatment in vivo upon L-dopa and amphetamine evoked dopamine and DOPAC efflux in vitro from the corpus striatum of male rats.","authors":"D E Dluzen,&nbsp;B Liu","doi":"10.1007/BF01271567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present experiment we tested the effects of L-DOPA and amphetamine upon dopamine and DOPAC efflux in vitro from superfused corpus striatal tissue fragments of male rats who had been pretreated with reserpine. Male rats were treated with reserpine (5 mg/kg) or its vehicle at 24 hours prior to sacrifice and superfusion of the corpus striatum. Two different modes of L-DOPA (5 microM) and amphetamine (10 microM) stimulation, a brief 10-minute and a continuous 60-minute infusion, were tested for their ability to evoke striatal dopamine and DOPAC efflux. Depletion of monoamine storage capacity as achieved with reserpine significantly reduced the amount of basal dopamine and DOPAC released from superfused striatal tissue fragments of male rats. Although basal release rates were significantly reduced, the amount of dopamine and DOPAC released in response to in vitro L-DOPA infusions (10 or 60 minute infusions) was equivalent between reserpine and vehicle treated animals. In contrast, amphetamine stimulated DA release was significantly reduced in male rats treated with reserpine. For both L-DOPA and amphetamine, significantly greater amounts of dopamine were obtained with the 60- versus 10-minute infusion modes. These results demonstrate that the capacity for L-DOPA, but not amphetamine, to evoke dopamine efflux is unaltered under conditions when monoamine storage ability is diminished.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"95 3","pages":"209-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01271567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18863902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nefiracetam on deficits in active avoidance response and hippocampal cholinergic and monoaminergic dysfunctions induced by AF64A in mice.","authors":"E Abe,&nbsp;S Murai,&nbsp;H Saito,&nbsp;Y Masuda,&nbsp;Y Takasu,&nbsp;T Shiotani,&nbsp;H Tachizawa,&nbsp;T Itoh","doi":"10.1007/BF01271565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of nefiracetam [DM-9384; N-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-2-(2-oxo-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide] and of phosphatidylcholine on a step-up active avoidance response, locomotor activities and regional brain cholinergic and monoaminergic neurotransmitters in AF64A-treated mice were investigated. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of AF64A (ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion; 8 nmol/ventricle) impaired acquisition and retention of the avoidance task, and increased vertical and horizontal locomotor activities. Regional levels of acetylcholine, noradrenaline, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were significantly decreased and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels were increased in the hippocampus but not in the septum, cerebral cortex or striatum of AF64A-treated animals. Administration of nefiracetam (3 mg/kg, p.o.) twice daily for 9 days to AF64A-treated animals ameliorated the deficit in active avoidance response in addition to attenuating the increase in locomotor activities. In parallel with these behavioural effects, nefiracetam reversed AF64A-induced alterations in the hippocampal profiles of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurotransmitters and their metabolites. In contrast, administration of phosphatidylcholine (30 mg/kg, p.o.) twice daily for 9 days had no significant effect on the deficit in active avoidance response, despite significantly reversing the decrease in acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus. These results indicate that the effects of nefiracetam on AF64A-induced behavioural deficits are probably due to its ability to facilitate both cholinergic and monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"95 3","pages":"179-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01271565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18866011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodine-123-IBZM-SPECT: studies in 15 patients with pituitary tumors.","authors":"W Pirker,&nbsp;T Brücke,&nbsp;M Riedl,&nbsp;M Clodi,&nbsp;A Luger,&nbsp;S Asenbaum,&nbsp;I Podreka,&nbsp;L Deecke","doi":"10.1007/BF02336144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02336144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) using the Iodine 123 labeled dopamine D2 receptor antagonist S(-)Iodobenzamide [S (-)IBZM] was performed in 15 patients with pituitary tumors. Among them there were five prolactinoma patients with macroadenoma and two acromegalic patients with macroadenoma. Specific binding in the area of the adenoma was only observed in one subject, a macroprolactinoma patient, who was responsive to dopaminergic treatment. None of the other patients, among them one macroprolactinoma patient responsive to dopaminergic treatment showed specific binding in the area of the tumor. IBZM-binding in the striatum was found to be significantly lower in the group of pituitary tumor patients as compared to controls. The results show that D2 receptors in pituitary adenomas can be visualized using SPECT. However, the sensitivity of IBZM-SPECT appears to be too poor to visualize PRL- and GH- secreting macroadenomas in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"97 3","pages":"235-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02336144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18871362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the subregional distributions of the monoamine vesicular transporter and dopamine uptake complex in the rat striatum and changes during aging.","authors":"I Leroux-Nicollet,&nbsp;J Costentin","doi":"10.1007/BF01277946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01277946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have studied the heterogeneous distribution of the vesicular monoamine transporter, labelled with 3H dihydrotetrabenazine (3H TBZOH) and the dopamine uptake complex, labelled with 3H GBR12783 in the rat striatum. The ratio TBZOH/GBR12783 was higher in the anterior part of the striatum than in the caudal part. This discrepancy could not be explained by the contribution of serotoninergic innervation to 3H TBZOH binding, since the ratio TBZOH/citalopram was also higher in the anterior striatum than in the caudal striatum. The monoamine vesicular transporter and the dopamine uptake complex were more abundant in the lateral regions than in the regions situated near the midline. In the caudal striatum, the ventral part was richer in vesicular transporter than the dorsal part. In aged rats (30 months), a significant decrease in the density of both transporters was noticed in the middle part of the striatum. In the anterior part of the striatum, the ratio TBZOH/GBR12783 was elevated in aged rats compared to adult ones. This could participate in a functional adaptation of the partially diminished population of dopaminergic neurons during aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"97 2","pages":"93-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01277946","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18871459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors in human spinal cord: changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","authors":"A Adem,&nbsp;J Ekblom,&nbsp;P G Gillberg,&nbsp;S S Jossan,&nbsp;A Höög,&nbsp;B Winblad,&nbsp;S M Aquilonius,&nbsp;L H Wang,&nbsp;V Sara","doi":"10.1007/BF01277964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01277964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurotrophic factors are important for neuronal survival and maintenance in the adult nervous system. The regional distribution of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors in human spinal cords from controls and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients was studied by immunohistochemistry and quantitative autoradiography. When comparing 125I-IGF-1 binding in the different spinal levels of normal spinal cord the same distribution pattern was found in which the binding was highest in the central canal > dorsal horn > ventral horn > white matter. In the ALS cases although a general upregulation of IGF-1 receptors was observed throughout the spinal cord, significant increases were observed in the cervical and sacral segments compared to controls. IGF-1 receptor immunoreactivity showed a similar pattern to that for 125I-IGF-1 binding, with immunoreactivity being found in the gray matter of the spinal cord and enhanced immunoreactivity occuring in ALS patients compared to controls. In agreement with the distribution of IGF-1 receptors, IGF-1 immunoreactivity was found within the gray matter of the spinal cord. The cartography of IGF-1 receptors in the normal spinal cord as well as the change of these receptors in diseased spinal cord may be of importance in future treatment strategies of ALS.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"97 1","pages":"73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01277964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18884829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tiagabine inhibits haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesias in rats.","authors":"X M Gao,&nbsp;T Kakigi,&nbsp;M B Friedman,&nbsp;C A Tamminga","doi":"10.1007/BF01283031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01283031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic administration of haloperidol to male Sprague Dawley rats for 6 months at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg/day produces oral dyskinesias in a significant percent of the treated group. This has been used as an animal model of tardive dyskinesia in several laboratories, because the rat movements display characteristics reminiscent of the human dyskinetic condition. Previously, we have reported a reduction in these haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesias with the coadministration of a direct acting GABA agonist progabide. Here, we have tested an indirect acting GABA agonist, tiagabine, coadministered with haloperidol, for its effect on the oral dyskinesias. At a dosage of 75 mg/kg/day tiagabine significantly inhibited the onset of vacuous chewing movements (VCMs), decreasing the average movement severity from 11.2 +/- 2.0 to 4.4 +/- 1.4, compared with a placebo rate of 1.3 +/- 0.5 (VCMs/5 min). These data support the proposition that an effective, potent GABAmimetic coadministered with haloperidol, will block the onset of rat oral dyskinesias. This conclusion has important implications for the treatment and prevention of tardive dyskinesia in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"95 1","pages":"63-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01283031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18856977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral reciprocal organisation in man: focus on IA interneurone.","authors":"M Sabatino,&nbsp;P Sardo,&nbsp;G Ferraro,&nbsp;G Caravaglios,&nbsp;V La Grutta","doi":"10.1007/BF01277926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01277926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The H reflex of flexor carpi radialis and radial-induced reciprocal inhibition were recorded in normal subjects during conditioning stimulation of the contralateral median or radial nerves. It was found that stimulation of the contralateral median nerve enhanced the degree of reciprocal inhibition exerted by the radial nerve on the median nerve, while contralateral radial nerve stimulation reduced the reciprocal inhibition exerted by the extensor on the flexor. In two subjects in which a pure extensor H reflex was recorded specular features were observed following contralateral median and radial stimulation. These findings are considered to be the electrophysiological manifestation of contralateral modulation of reciprocal inhibition, which is likely to act at the level of the IA interneurone.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"96 1","pages":"31-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01277926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18856981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifications of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic activities after intracerebroventricular administration of prolactin.","authors":"M L Hernández,&nbsp;J J Fernández-Ruiz,&nbsp;M Navarro,&nbsp;R de Miguel,&nbsp;M Cebeira,&nbsp;L Vaticón,&nbsp;J A Ramos","doi":"10.1007/BF01277929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01277929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of prolactin (PRL) on the presynaptic activity and post-synaptic sensitivity of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. In addition, the effects of PRL on in vitro release of dopamine (DA) from perifused striatal fragments were examined. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and D2 receptor density in the striatum decreased after i.c.v. PRL administration; this was accompanied by an increase in D2 receptor affinity. These effects occurred after i.c.v. administration of PRL to normoprolactinemic rats, although normally they did not appear after administration to animals with pituitary grafting-induced hyperprolactinemia. Thus, in these animals, i.c.v. PRL failed to decrease TH activity and D1 and D2 receptor densities to a significant extent. In the case of D2 receptors, this was probably due to the fact that pituitary grafting-induced hyperprolactinemia itself was able to reduce the density of this receptor. No changes were observed in DA or L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) contents after i.c.v. administration of PRL to both normo-and hyperprolactinemic animals. Basal and K(+)-evoked DA release in vitro from perifused striatal fragments of normoprolactinemic rats were not affected by the addition of PRL, whereas this hormone enhanced K(+)-evoked DA release when added to perifused striatal fragments from hyperprolactinemic animals. In the limbic forebrain, i.c.v. administration of PRL to normoprolactinemic animals produced a decrease in DA and DOPAC contents and D1 receptor density. Interestingly, none of these effects appeared when PRL was injected to hyperprolactinemic animals. In summary, our results suggest a possible inhibitory role of PRL on the activity of both the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic neuronal systems. These inhibitory effects were reflected in the decreases elicited in a set of neurochemical parameters, indicating either presynaptic activity or postsynaptic sensitivity, after i.c.v.-administered PRL. This observation supports the hypothesis of a possible neuromodulatory role for an extrapituitary PRL on the activity of these neurons, although the fact that most of these effects did not appear when i.c.v. administration was performed in hyperprolactinemic rats also suggests that they are influenced by peripheral PRL levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"96 1","pages":"63-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01277929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18856985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral significance of phasic changes in mesolimbic dopamine-dependent electrochemical signal associated with heroin self-injections.","authors":"E A Kiyatkin","doi":"10.1007/BF01294787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01294787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-speed chronoamperometry with monoamine-selective carbon fiber electrodes was used in rats to monitor, during 5-6 consecutive daily sessions, changes in DA-dependent electrochemical signal in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) during intravenous heroin (0.1 mg/kg) self-administration (SA) behavior and passive repeated drug injections performed with a temporal scheme similar to that in the SA experiment. In trained animals, biphasic signal fluctuations time-locked to the individual lever-presses were found to accompany all but the first daily SAs. The signal gradually increased by 30-40 nM for the 10 minutes preceding the SA, reached a peak at the moment of lever-press and decreased abruptly by approximately 40 nM for 3-4 min after heroin SA. The cycle then repeated, reaching a new peak at the moment of the next lever-press. Rapid bi-directional fluctuations in signal associated with individual heroin SAs were superimposed on substantial tonic increase in signal baseline (400-500 nM). This increase quickly developed after presentation of heroin-related light cue and the first SA, was relatively stable during all subsequent SAs and decreased towards the baseline after the last SA of a session. Changes in signal baseline induced by repeated heroin SAs depended strongly upon the signal's basal level (r = -0.787); that signal preferentially increased when its basal values were low (0-300 nM), and decreased when signal was tonically elevated (> 600 nM). Repeated passive heroin injections also induced biphasic signal fluctuations and a similar tonic increase in signal baseline. Although a transient signal decrease (25 nM for 2-4 minutes) followed by a prolonged signal increase occurred after each but not the first passive injection, the gradual pre-injection signal acceleration was absent. Although DOPAC, a principal DA metabolite, may significantly contribute to the tonic increase in electrochemical signal seen during SA session, the changes in extracellular DA may be the main contributor to both the rapid signal increases preceding drug-taking and the transient signal decreases following heroin SA. If so, the present findings suggest that activation of mesolimbic DA cells and increase in DA transmission may be involved in the mediation of motivational and/or activational components of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior. An acute termination of previous drug- and behavior-associated DA activation with a transient inhibition of DA release, immediately following heroin SA may correlate with the drug's rewarding action, representing a part of a mechanism regulating drug-taking behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"96 3","pages":"197-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01294787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18825144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of D-cycloserine and (+)-HA-966 on the locomotor stimulation induced by NMDA antagonists and clonidine in monoamine-depleted mice.","authors":"M L Carlsson,&nbsp;G Engberg,&nbsp;A Carlsson","doi":"10.1007/BF01271568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01271568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have previously observed that an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist in combination with the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine produces a marked locomotor stimulation in monoamine-depleted mice. In this paper we report on how the partial glycine agonists D-cycloserine (high intrinsic activity) and (+)-HA-966 [(+)-3-amino-1-hydroxypyrrolid-2-one; low intrinsic activity] affect this response; the interaction with both an uncompetitive and a competitive NMDA antagonist was investigated. (+)-HA-966 was found to counteract the locomotor stimulation produced by clonidine combined with either an uncompetitive (MK-801 = dizocilpine) or a competitive [D-CPPene = 3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid] NMDA antagonist. D-cycloserine potentiated the locomotor stimulation produced by either NMDA antagonist combined with clonidine, although statistical significance was achieved only in the case of MK-801. If the present hyperactivity model has any relevance for psychosis the prediction based on the present results would be that d-cycloserine, contrary to current hopes, might not be so effective in schizophrenia, whereas (+)-HA-966 might be an interesting candidate.</p>","PeriodicalId":77215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural transmission. General section","volume":"95 3","pages":"223-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF01271568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18863903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}