Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research最新文献

{"title":"Gastrointestinal allergy to food: a review.","authors":"T Ahmed,&nbsp;G J Fuchs","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal food allergy still poses a challenge to the clinician because of its variable symptomatology and lack of reliable diagnostic tests. Its prevalence is estimated at 2 approximately 5%, higher in children than in older age-groups. Allergy to food usually diminishes with advancing age. Although a wide variety of foods can cause allergic reactions, cow's milk is the most common cause of food allergy in infants and young children. Depending upon the speed of onset of symptoms, immediate and delayed types of food allergy have been described. Gastrointestinal symptoms in food allergy have been explained by alterations in transport across the intestinal wall (increased secretory and/or decreased absorptive functions), increased permeability, and motility of the intestine. The exact pathogenesis of food allergy is still not clear. However, immediate type of food allergy is believed to be mediated by type I hypersensitivity reaction, involving mast cells and food-specific IgE antibodies. The diagnosis of food allergy is based upon a favorable response to an elimination diet and a response to a challenge with the suspected food. The condition is treated by eliminating the allergenic food from diet for as long as 9-12 months in case of cow's milk allergy. While exclusive breast-feeding for the initial four months or more reduces the chances of development of food allergy, the role of diet restrictions in the mother in reducing the incidence of food allergy in the infant is controversial. Data on food allergy from developing countries are limited. This may be due to lack of diagnosis or less attention given to the condition relative to other diseases including infectious diarrheas and acute respiratory infections. The role of cow's milk allergy in the pathogenesis of persistent diarrhoea, a major problem in the developing world, remains speculative. Frequent intestinal infections and reduced secretory IgA, which are associated with malnutrition, alter intestinal permeability and result in an increased uptake of food antigens. The increased antigenic load combined with factors such as an atopic predisposition may initiate an abnormal mucosal immune response resulting in chronic enteropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":77203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research","volume":"15 4","pages":"211-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20578729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acute infectious diarrhoeas as diseases of the intestinal mucosa.","authors":"J F Desjeux,&nbsp;M Heyman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the intriguing aspects of the acute infectious diarrhoeas is that, while resulting from an infection of the intestinal tract, they only last from a few hours to a few days. The study of the interactions between infectious agents and intestinal epithelium has allowed a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that cause the sudden loss of water and electrolytes, the hallmark of acute diarrhoea. These interactions have also led to formulating oral rehydration solutions used worldwide now. They do not, however, allow understanding the short course of most intestinal infections. For that, one has to consider the intestinal epithelium as part of an anatomical and functional system that, including the many types of cells present in the lamina propria, constitutes the intestinal mucosa. Infectious agents interact with the whole of the mucosa, including the cells of the lamina propria. This leads, among other things, to a change in the functions of the epithelial cells and accelerates their turnover. The pathophysiology of the intestinal mucosa leads to better understand the short and benign course of most intestinal infections. It also leads to better understand the physiology of the intestinal mucosa, and the interactions between the body and its nutritional environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":77203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research","volume":"15 4","pages":"224-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20578665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose-based and rice-based ORS.","authors":"W B Greenough","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research","volume":"15 4","pages":"252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20578670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caretakers' knowledge and preparation abilities of salt-sugar solution in north-eastern Nigeria.","authors":"G O Akpede,&nbsp;B A Omotara,&nbsp;G D Webb,&nbsp;J O Igene","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Awareness and knowledge of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and preparation abilities of salt-sugar solution (SSS) were investigated by means of focus group discussions and complemented by a structured questionnaire survey of mothers in rural and urban areas of north-eastern Nigeria. ORT awareness was high with some intra-regional variations. Perception of ORT function was, however, grossly unrealistic, with a third to four-fifth of mothers expecting ORT to stop diarrhoea. At least one quarter of mothers lacked adequate SSS preparation abilities and the materials and ingredients required for its preparation. Re-evaluation of the content and method of imparting health education messages in ORT promotion is recommended. Such messages should emphasise the function of ORT. It is also recommended that standardised cups for water, salt and sugar measurements be provided to households as a ready means of ensuring the correct preparation of SSS in the home-based management of diarrhoea.</p>","PeriodicalId":77203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research","volume":"15 4","pages":"232-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20578666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliography on diarrhoeal diseases.","authors":"M S Khan,&nbsp;M al Mamun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research","volume":"15 4","pages":"257-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20578671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enteric bacterial pathogens in stools of residents of urban and rural regions in Nigeria: a comparison of patients with and without diarrhoea and controls without diarrhoea.","authors":"C L Obi,&nbsp;A O Coker,&nbsp;J Epoke,&nbsp;R N Ndip","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 2,400 stool samples comprising 1,200 from patients with diarrhoea (600 each from urban and rural area) and 1,200 similarly divided controls were obtained from school children and clinic attendants of government and private clinics around three designated study centres of Edo, Lagos and Cross River states, Nigeria. These were screened for the prevalence of bacteria that could cause diarrhoea. Diarrhoea cases in urban areas had a high prevalence rate for Campylobacter spp. (28%), followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (22%), Salmonella spp. (17%), Shigella spp. (14%), Aeromonas spp. (5%), and Yersinia enterocolitica (4%), whereas in rural areas E. coli was the most frequently encountered pathogen (18%), followed by Salmonella spp. (16%), Aeromonas spp. (15%), Shigella spp. (9%), Campylobacter spp. (8%), and Plesiomonas shigelloides (8%). A similar distribution but with lower rates was noted for controls in both urban and rural areas, however, no P. shigelloides was isolated. Results highlight a possible difference between the prevalence of enteric bacteria in rural and urban areas and reveals the strong association of Aeromonas and Plesiomonas species with cases of diarrhoea in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":77203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research","volume":"15 4","pages":"241-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20578667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of main features in children with cholera O1 and O139 in Yangon, Myanmar, 1996.","authors":"K N Oo,&nbsp;M Thida,&nbsp;N N Aye","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research","volume":"15 4","pages":"250-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20578669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast-feeding promotion in a diarrhoea programme in rural communities.","authors":"A A Davies-Adetugbo,&nbsp;K Adetugbo,&nbsp;Y Orewole,&nbsp;A K Fabiyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast-feeding promotion is an important intervention for the control of infant diarrhoea. This study assesses the impact of a breast-feeding counselling programme on the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding in rural communities in Nigeria. Mothers attending primary care facilities because their infants had acute diarrhoea were randomised into two groups. The study group (n = 82) received individual, focused breast-feeding counselling, while the controls (n = 79) had routine advice for diarrhoea. Both groups were monitored and followed with home visits to determine infant-feeding practices. The results showed marked increases in exclusive breast-feeding prevalence for the intervention group at day 7 (49% vs. 6% control; p < 0.0001) and day 21 (46% vs. 8%; p < 0.0001). Moreover, diarrhoea re-occurrence at day 21 was less in the intervention group (12%) than controls (18%). It is concluded that focused breast-feeding counselling can increase exclusive breast feeding and reduce the prevalence of diarrhoea in rural communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":77203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research","volume":"15 3","pages":"161-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20398267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO Vaccine Research Developing Steering Committee: diarrhoeal diseases.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research","volume":"15 3","pages":"184-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20398272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent diarrhoea in Nigerian children aged less than five years: a hospital-based study.","authors":"O Sodeinde,&nbsp;A A Adeyemo,&nbsp;R A Gbadegesin,&nbsp;O G Ademowo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To identify possible risk factors for persistent diarrhoea, 307 children with acute diarrhoea presenting at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria over a 10-month period from July 1993 to April 1994 were followed up prospectively until the resolution of the illness. The children were aged 6-60 months. In 36 (11.7%) of them, diarrhoea became persistent (i.e. lasted more than 14 days). This hospital frequency of 11.7% of persistent diarrhoea is, as expected, higher than the figures from previous community-based studies of diarrhoea from Nigeria. The major factor associated with persistent diarrhoea was poor nutritional status. Mean z scores of weight-for-height and weight-for-age were significantly lower in the persistent diarrhoea group, while mean z scores of height-for-age were similar in the two groups. The frequencies of occurrence of undernutrition, marasmus and kwashiorkor were also higher in the persistent diarrhoea group. Therefore, in common with studies from other regions of the world, malnutrition is an important risk factor for persistent diarrhoea in this group of Nigerian children. The implication of these findings is that reduction in the prevalence of malnutrition may be associated with reduction in the proportion of acute diarrhoeal episodes that eventually progress to persistent diarrhoea.</p>","PeriodicalId":77203,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research","volume":"15 3","pages":"155-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20402070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}