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Infectious agents and disease最新文献

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The malaria sporozoite's journey into the liver. 疟疾孢子进入肝脏的过程。

Infectious agents and disease Pub Date : 1996-06-01

P Sinnis

{"title":"The malaria sporozoite's journey into the liver.","authors":"P Sinnis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perhaps the most challenging event of the malaria parasite's lifecycle is the sporozoite's journey to the hepatocyte. Because few parasites are injected by the mosquito, they must be efficiently and rapidly targeted to hepatocytes, where they will invade and develop into merozoites, the form of the parasite infective for red blood cells. Little is known about how sporozoites make their way to the liver and subsequently invade hepatocytes. Some evidence suggests that they are initially trapped by Kupffer cells and then transported to hepatocytes. Other findings support the hypothesis that sporozoites home to hepatocytes directly. We have found that the major surface protein of malaria sporozoites, the CS protein, binds to the basolateral domain of hepatocytes and, when injected intravenously into mice, is rapidly cleared from the circulation by the liver. Whether sporozoites are arrested in the liver by the same mechanisms as CS protein is not known, although preliminary data suggests this may be the case. Other sporozoite proteins are also likely to be involved in hepatocyte invasion. TRAP or SSP2, found on the parasite surface and in micronemes, binds to hepatocytes in a similar pattern as CS protein. There is evidence demonstrating its involvement in invasion, although it is not known whether it functions in the initial sequestration of the parasites by the liver or in subsequent invasion events.</p>","PeriodicalId":77176,"journal":{"name":"Infectious agents and disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"182-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19774403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

M cells as portals of infection: clinical and pathophysiological aspects. M细胞作为感染门户:临床和病理生理方面。

Infectious agents and disease Pub Date : 1996-06-01

Y Fujimura, R L Owen

引用次数: 0

Immunosuppression in tuberculosis. 结核病的免疫抑制。

Infectious agents and disease Pub Date : 1996-03-01

J J Ellner

引用次数: 0

New approaches to identification of antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 结核分枝杆菌抗原鉴定的新方法。

Infectious agents and disease Pub Date : 1996-03-01

R S Wallis

引用次数: 0

Pulmonary immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus. 肺对结核分枝杆菌和人类免疫缺陷病毒的免疫反应。

Infectious agents and disease Pub Date : 1996-03-01

E A Rich

引用次数: 0

Regulation of the human immune response in tuberculosis. 结核病中人体免疫反应的调控。

Infectious agents and disease Pub Date : 1996-03-01

I Tsuyuguchi

引用次数: 0

Cytokine circuits in tuberculosis. 结核中的细胞因子回路。

Infectious agents and disease Pub Date : 1996-03-01

Z Toossi

引用次数: 0

The role of T-cell subsets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. t细胞亚群在结核分枝杆菌感染中的作用。

Infectious agents and disease Pub Date : 1996-03-01

W H Boom

{"title":"The role of T-cell subsets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.","authors":"W H Boom","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the last 10 years, studies of the immune response to M. tuberculosis in humans and animal models have increased our understanding of the complex roles of T-cell subsets in protection against tuberculosis. Although CD4+ T cells remain the dominant and critical T-cell subset, others, such as gamma delta and CD8+ T cells, probably have important complementary roles. Since all three subsets are sources of IFN-gamma and competent cytotoxic effector cells, in vivo kinetics and differences in antigen processing/recognition likely will define how each T-cell subset functions in different phases of the immune response to M. tuberculosis. In addition, individuals may differ in terms of the dominance of CD8+ and gamma delta T cells as accessory T-cell populations. In some, gamma delta T cells; in others, CD8+ T cells; or both T-cell subsets may complement CD4+ T-cell function. Future studies in animal models (with human cells obtained from sites of infection such as lung or lymph node), characterizations of the antigen repertoire, and longitudinal immunoepidemiological studies should define more clearly how different T-cell subsets contribute to protection against M. tuberculosis. Such studies may determine how failure of T-cell subset function results in reactivation or progressive primary tuberculosis. Enhanced understanding of the function of, and antigen recognition by, T-cell subsets in M. tuberculosis infection also is necessary for the development of improved diagnostic tests and vaccines for tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77176,"journal":{"name":"Infectious agents and disease","volume":"5 2","pages":"73-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19693595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DNA vaccines: what can we expect? DNA疫苗:我们能期待什么?

Infectious agents and disease Pub Date : 1996-01-01

C A Siegrist, P H Lambert

引用次数: 0

Acellular pertussis vaccines: a turning point in infant and adolescent vaccination. 无细胞百日咳疫苗:婴儿和青少年疫苗接种的转折点。

Infectious agents and disease Pub Date : 1996-01-01

R Rappuoli

{"title":"Acellular pertussis vaccines: a turning point in infant and adolescent vaccination.","authors":"R Rappuoli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whooping cough, an infectious disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis, is a life-threatening disease that cannot be controlled by antibiotic treatment or other procedures of modern medicine. Immunization, using a vaccine made of heat-killed bacteria, has been the only way to prevent the disease and keep the infection under control. However, the high reactogenicity of the whole-cell vaccine available so far has made vaccination very controversial, and vaccine use has been restricted to the minimum doses strictly necessary to protect infants during the first few years of life, when the disease is most dangerous. This policy left unsolved the problem of controlling the circulation of the pathogens that are still spreading undisturbed in the population, even after decades of vaccine use. Today, the introduction of acellular vaccines that are efficacious and virtually free of side effects suggests that the new vaccines can be used safely to immunize not only infants, toddlers, and preschool children, but also adolescents and adults, making possible the complete control of the disease and infection, so that policies addressing the eradication of the disease become feasible. The absence of constraints for the use of pertussis vaccine will allow the rational design of the optimal combinations of vaccines for each age.</p>","PeriodicalId":77176,"journal":{"name":"Infectious agents and disease","volume":"5 1","pages":"21-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19760959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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