HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery最新文献

{"title":"MDCT Imaging Findings of Liver Cirrhosis: Spectrum of Hepatic and Extrahepatic Abdominal Complications.","authors":"Guillermo P Sangster,&nbsp;Carlos H Previgliano,&nbsp;Mathieu Nader,&nbsp;Elisa Chwoschtschinsky,&nbsp;Maureen G Heldmann","doi":"10.1155/2013/129396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/129396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatic cirrhosis is the clinical and pathologic result of a multifactorial chronic liver injury. It is well known that cirrhosis is the origin of multiple extrahepatic abdominal complications and a markedly increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This tumor is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer related death. With the rising incidence of HCC worldwide, awareness of the evolution of cirrhotic nodules into malignancy is critical for an early detection and treatment. Adequate imaging protocol selection with dynamic multiphase Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) and reformatted images is crucial to differentiate and categorize the hepatic nodular dysplasia. Knowledge of the typical and less common extrahepatic abdominal manifestations is essential for accurately assessing patients with known or suspected hepatic disease. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the imaging spectrum of intra- and extrahepatic abdominal manifestations of hepatic cirrhosis seen on MDCT. </p>","PeriodicalId":77165,"journal":{"name":"HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery","volume":"2013 ","pages":"129396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/129396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31691246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous Outflow Reconstruction in Adult Living Donor Liver Transplant: Outcome of a Policy for Right Lobe Grafts without the Middle Hepatic Vein.","authors":"Mohamed Ghazaly,&nbsp;Mohamad T Badawy,&nbsp;Hosam El-Din Soliman,&nbsp;Magdy El-Gendy,&nbsp;Tarek Ibrahim,&nbsp;Brian R Davidson","doi":"10.1155/2013/280857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/280857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. The difficulty and challenge of recovering a right lobe graft without MHV drainage is reconstructing the outflow tract of the hepatic veins. With the inclusion or the reconstruction of the MHV, early graft function is satisfactory. The inclusion of the MHV or not in the donor's right lobectomy should be based on sound criteria to provide adequate functional liver mass for recipient, while keeping risk to donor to the minimum. Objective. Reviewing the results of a policy for right lobe grafts transplant without MHV and analyzing methods of venous reconstruction related to outcome. Materials and Methods. We have two groups Group A (with more than one HV anast.) (n = 16) and Group B (single HV anast.) (n = 24). Both groups were compared regarding indications for reconstruction, complications, and operative details and outcomes, besides describing different modalities used for venous reconstruction. Results. Significant increase in operative details time in Group A. When comparison came to complications and outcomes in terms of laboratory findings and overall hospital stay, there were no significant differences. Three-month and one-year survival were better in Group A. Conclusion. Adult LDLT is safely achieved with better outcome to recipients and donors by recovering the right lobe without MHV, provided that significant MHV tributaries (segments V, VIII more than 5 mm) are reconstructed, and any accessory considerable inferior right hepatic veins (IRHVs) or superficial RHVs are anastomosed. </p>","PeriodicalId":77165,"journal":{"name":"HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery","volume":"2013 ","pages":"280857"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/280857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32084032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Interarterial Radiation Therapy (SIRT) in Colorectal Liver Metastases: How Do We Monitor Response?","authors":"D Hipps,&nbsp;F Ausania,&nbsp;D M Manas,&nbsp;J D G Rose,&nbsp;J J French","doi":"10.1155/2013/570808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/570808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radioembolisation is a way of providing targeted radiotherapy to colorectal liver metastases. Results are encouraging but there is still no standard method of assessing the response to treatment. This paper aims to review the current experience assessing response following radioembolisation. A literature review was undertaken detailing radioembolisation in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases comparing staging methods, criteria, and response. A search was performed of electronic databases from 1980 to November 2011. Information acquired included year published, patient numbers, resection status, chemotherapy regimen, criteria used to stage disease and assess response to radioembolisation, tumour markers, and overall/progression free survival. Nineteen studies were analysed including randomised controlled trials, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and case series. There is no validated modality as the method of choice when assessing response to radioembolisation. CT at 3 months following radioembolisation is the most frequently modality used to assess response to treatment. PET-CT is increasingly being used as it measures functional and radiological aspects. RECIST is the most frequently used criteria. Conclusion. A validated modality to assess response to radioembolisation is needed. We suggest PET-CT and CEA pre- and postradioembolisation at 3 months using RECIST 1.1 criteria released in 2009, which includes criteria for PET-CT, cystic changes, and necrosis. </p>","PeriodicalId":77165,"journal":{"name":"HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery","volume":"2013 ","pages":"570808"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/570808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31910826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative strategies and recent advances in liver surgery.","authors":"Andrea Lauterio,&nbsp;Irinel Popescu,&nbsp;Juan Carlos García-Valdecasas,&nbsp;Luciano De Carlis","doi":"10.1155/2013/517279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/517279","url":null,"abstract":"Techniques for hepatic surgery have evolved over the past few decades and have broadened indications for liver resection (LR) for liver tumors. New strategies including downsizing chemotherapy, two-stage LR with or without portal vein embolization, and resection combined with ablative methods allow tailoring the treatment to each patient depending on condition of the liver and tumor burden. In the recent years, the new dissector devices have been developed and together with the use of intraoperative ultrasound allow a new approach to the anatomical ultrasound-guided liver resection, even for large tumors located in challenging positions. \u0000 \u0000Improvements in imaging evaluation with high-resolution CT scan or MRI allow new methods for the study of the future remnant liver and play an important role in the planning of the resection strategy reducing the risk of major complications and liver failure, especially in patients who undergo major resection. In addition, development of new technology in local ablative therapies for liver tumors is posing a competition to LR. \u0000 \u0000The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is climbing rapidly and in a current climate of organ shortage has led to the re-evaluation of locoregional therapies and resectional surgery to manage the case load. The introduction of biological therapies has had a new dimension to care, adding to the complexities of multidisciplinary team working in the management of HCC. S. E. Khorsandi and N. Heaton give a very comprehensive overview of the present day management strategies and decision making for patients with HCC. \u0000 \u0000Simultaneous resection of primary colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and synchronous liver metastases (SLM) is subject of debate with respect to morbidity in comparison to staged resection. In contrast to the extensive literature on staged laparoscopic colorectal and laparoscopic liver surgery, there are only a few reports on combined laparoscopic colorectal and liver resection. \u0000 \u0000L. T. Hoekstra and colleagues report their initial experience of simultaneous laparoscopic resection of primary CRC and SLM. According to the modern literature, the authors conclude that patient selection and expertise are essential for this complex type of surgery and the multidisciplinary team should decide on optimal timing within multimodality schedules. \u0000 \u0000I. Popescu and S. T. Alexandrescu challenge recent evidence in the different surgical options for initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases. The authors illustrate the available oncosurgical modalities including liver resection following portal vein ligation/embolization, “two-stage” liver resection, one-stage ultrasonically guided liver resection, hepatectomy following conversion chemotherapy, and liver resection combined with thermal ablation. The authors discuss the role of liver transplantation (LT) as a future opportunity in the treatment of unresectable CRLM in selected patients, taking into account the related ethical consid","PeriodicalId":77165,"journal":{"name":"HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery","volume":"2013 ","pages":"517279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/517279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31376541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggressive treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer increases survival: a scandinavian single-center experience.","authors":"Kristoffer Watten Brudvik,&nbsp;Simer Jit Bains,&nbsp;Lars Thomas Seeberg,&nbsp;Knut Jørgen Labori,&nbsp;Anne Waage,&nbsp;Kjetil Taskén,&nbsp;Einar Martin Aandahl,&nbsp;Bjørn Atle Bjørnbeth","doi":"10.1155/2013/727095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/727095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. We examined overall and disease-free survivals in a cohort of patients subjected to resection of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRLM) in a 10-year period when new treatment strategies were implemented. Methods. Data from 239 consecutive patients selected for liver resection of CRLM during the period from 2002 to 2011 at a single center were used to estimate overall and disease-free survival. The results were assessed against new treatment strategies and established risk factors. Results. The 5-year cumulative overall and disease-free survivals were 46 and 24%. The overall survival was the same after reresection, independently of the number of prior resections and irrespectively of the location of the recurrent disease. The time intervals between each recurrence were similar (11 ± 1 months). Patients with high tumor load given neoadjuvant chemotherapy had comparable survival to those with less extensive disease without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Positive resection margin or resectable extrahepatic disease did not affect overall survival. Conclusion. Our data support that one still, and perhaps to an even greater extent, should seek an aggressive therapeutic strategy to achieve resectable status for recurrent hepatic and extrahepatic metastases. The data should be viewed in the context of recent advances in the understanding of cancer biology and the metastatic process. </p>","PeriodicalId":77165,"journal":{"name":"HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery","volume":"2013 ","pages":"727095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/727095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31568649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Ranson, Glasgow, MOSS, SIRS, BISAP, APACHE-II, CTSI Scores, IL-6, CRP, and Procalcitonin in Predicting Severity, Organ Failure, Pancreatic Necrosis, and Mortality in Acute Pancreatitis.","authors":"Ajay K Khanna,&nbsp;Susanta Meher,&nbsp;Shashi Prakash,&nbsp;Satyendra Kumar Tiwary,&nbsp;Usha Singh,&nbsp;Arvind Srivastava,&nbsp;V K Dixit","doi":"10.1155/2013/367581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/367581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Multifactorial scorings, radiological scores, and biochemical markers may help in early prediction of severity, pancreatic necrosis, and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods. BISAP, APACHE-II, MOSS, and SIRS scores were calculated using data within 24 hrs of admission, whereas Ranson and Glasgow scores after 48 hrs of admission; CTSI was calculated on day 4 whereas IL-6 and CRP values at end of study. Predictive accuracy of scoring systems, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of various markers in prediction of severe acute pancreatitis, organ failure, pancreatic necrosis, admission to intensive care units and mortality were calculated. Results. Of 72 patients, 31 patients had organ failure and local complication classified as severe acute pancreatitis, 17 had pancreatic necrosis, and 9 died (12.5%). Area under curves for Ranson, Glasgow, MOSS, SIRS, APACHE-II, BISAP, CTSI, IL-6, and CRP in predicting SAP were 0.85, 0.75, 0.73, 0.73, 0.88, 0.80, 0.90, and 0.91, respectively, for pancreatic necrosis 0.70, 0.64, 0.61, 0.61, 0.68, 0.61, 0.75, 0.86, and 0.90, respectively, and for mortality 0.84, 0.83, 0.77, 0.76, 0.86, 0.83, 0.57, 0.80, and 0.75, respectively. Conclusion. CRP and IL-6 have shown a promising result in early detection of severity and pancreatic necrosis whereas APACHE-II and Ranson score in predicting AP related mortality in this study. </p>","PeriodicalId":77165,"journal":{"name":"HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery","volume":"2013 ","pages":"367581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/367581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31842985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized clinical trial comparing the effect of different haemostatic agents for haemostasis of the liver after hepatic resection.","authors":"Farzad Kakaei,&nbsp;Mir Salim Seyyed Sadeghi,&nbsp;Behnam Sanei,&nbsp;Shahryar Hashemzadeh,&nbsp;Afshin Habibzadeh","doi":"10.1155/2013/587608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/587608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. Operative blood loss is still a great obstacle to liver resection, and various topical hemostatic agents were introduced to reduce it. The aim of the current study is to evaluate effects of 3 different types of these agents. Methods. In this randomized clinical trial, 45 patients undergoing liver resection were assigned to receive TachoSil, Surgicel, and Glubran 2 for controlling bleeding. Intraoperative and postoperative findings were compared between groups. Results. Postoperative bleeding (0 versus 33.3%, P = 0.04) and drainage volume first day after surgery (281.33 ± 103.98 versus 150.00 ± 60.82 mL, P = 0.02) were significantly higher in Surgicel than in TachoSil group. Postoperative complications included bile leak (3 cases in Surgicel, 1 case in TachoSil and Glubran 2), noninfectious collection (2 cases in TachoSil and Surgicel and 1 case in Glubran 2), perihepatic abscess, and massive hematoma around hepatectomy site both in Surgicel group. There was no death during the study period. Conclusion. Due to higher complications in Surgicel group, its application as hemostatic agent after liver resection is not recommended. Better results in TachoSil in comparison to the other two are indicative of its better efficacy and superiority in controlling hemostasis. </p>","PeriodicalId":77165,"journal":{"name":"HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery","volume":" ","pages":"587608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/587608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40263037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living-donor liver transplantation and hepatitis C.","authors":"Nobuhisa Akamatsu,&nbsp;Yasuhiko Sugawara","doi":"10.1155/2013/985972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/985972","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis-C-virus- (HCV-) related end-stage cirrhosis is the primary indication for liver transplantation in many countries. Unfortunately, however, HCV is not eliminated by transplantation and graft reinfection is universal, resulting in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally graft decompression. In areas with low deceased-donor organ availability like Japan, living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is similarly indicated for HCV cirrhosis as deceased-donor liver transplantation (DDLT) in Western countries and accepted as an established treatment for HCV-cirrhosis, and the results are equivalent to those of DDLT. To prevent graft failure due to recurrent hepatitis C, antiviral treatment with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin is currently considered the most promising regimen with a sustained viral response rate of around 30% to 35%, although the survival benefit of this regimen remains to be investigated. In contrast to DDLT, many Japanese LDLT centers have reported modified treatment regimens as best efforts to secure first graft, such as aggressive preemptive antiviral treatment, escalation of dosages, and elongation of treatment duration.","PeriodicalId":77165,"journal":{"name":"HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery","volume":"2013 ","pages":"985972"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/985972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31323560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical note: facilitating laparoscopic liver biopsy by the use of a single-handed disposable core biopsy needle.","authors":"M I Trochsler,&nbsp;Q Ralph,&nbsp;F Bridgewater,&nbsp;H Kanhere,&nbsp;Guy J Maddern","doi":"10.1155/2013/462498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/462498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the use of advanced radiological investigations, some liver lesions cannot be definitely diagnosed without a biopsy and histological examination. Laparoscopic Tru-Cut biopsy of the liver lesion is the preferred approach to achieve a good sample for histology. The mechanism of a Tru-Cut biopsy needle needs the use of both hands to load and fire the needle. This restricts the ability of the surgeon to direct the needle into the lesion utilising the laparoscopic ultrasound probe. We report a technique of laparoscopic liver biopsy using a disposable core biopsy instrument (BARD (R) disposable core biopsy needle) that can be used single-handedly. The needle can be positioned with laparoscopic graspers in order to reach posterior and superior lesions. This technique can easily be used in conjunction with laparoscopic ultrasound.</p>","PeriodicalId":77165,"journal":{"name":"HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery","volume":"2013 ","pages":"462498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/462498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31538038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Hui Jiang,&nbsp;Chi Du,&nbsp;Mingwei Cai,&nbsp;Hai He,&nbsp;Cheng Chen,&nbsp;Jianguo Qiu,&nbsp;Hong Wu","doi":"10.1155/2013/298726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/298726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aims. The aim of this study is to compare our results of preoperative chemotherapy followed by pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with those of surgery alone in patients with localized resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods. Outcome data for 112 patients of resectable PDAC who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by PD (group I) between January 2004 and April 2010 were retrospectively analyzed and were compared with selected 120 patients who underwent PD alone (group II) in the same period. Results. Patients in group I had an incidence of locoregional recurrence of 17.1% compared to 30.8% in group II (P = 0.03). There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative morbidity (27.7% versus 30.8%) and mortality (2.67% versus 3.33%). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were estimated at 82.1%, 54%, and 28%, respectively, with NCRT and 65.8%, 29.1%, and 10% without (P = 0.006). Nevertheless, preoperative chemotherapy did not reduce the 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates, which were estimated at 58%, 36.6%, and 12.5% with NCRT and 51.7%, 18.3%, and 7.5% without (P = 0.058). Conclusions. The treatment of NCRT followed by PD in patients with PDAC has a significantly lower rate of locoregional recurrence and a longer overall survival than those with surgery alone. </p>","PeriodicalId":77165,"journal":{"name":"HPB surgery : a world journal of hepatic, pancreatic and biliary surgery","volume":"2013 ","pages":"298726"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/298726","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31589225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}