{"title":"The kinetics and temporal expression of T-cell activation-associated antigens CD15 (LeuM1), CD30 (Ki-1), EMA, and CD11c (LeuM5) by benign activated T cells.","authors":"A Chadburn, G Inghirami, D M Knowles","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell surface antigens, including CD71 (T9), CD38 (T10), HLA-DR, CD25 (IL2-R), CD15 (LeuM1), CD30 (Ki-1), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and CD11c (LeuM5), have been identified on the surface of neoplastic T-cells. The significance of this expression is unknown since the expression of these antigens by benign T cells has not been fully investigated. In this study the kinetics, temporal relation and hierarchy of expression of these eight cell surface antigens by purified normal peripheral blood T cells following activation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were investigated using one- and two-color flow cytometry. All eight antigens were expressed in a hierarchical manner following activation of normal peripheral blood T cells with PHA. The sequence of antigen expression and the initial time point of this expression was: CD38, < 24 h; CD71, CD25, 24 h; EMA, HLA-DR, CD15, 48-72 h; CD30, 72 h; and CD11c, 96-120 h. The maximum percentage of T cells expressing each antigen and the time point of maximum expression was: CD38 96% at 14 and 17 days; CD71 88%, CD25 94%, EMA 55%, and CD30 31% at 96 h; CD15 56% at 120 h; HLA-DR 30% at 168 h; and CD11c 42% at 240 h. The expression of these 8 antigens clustered into six distinct immunophenotypic constellations: Group I: None; Group II: CD38 with CD71 and/or CD25; Group III: CD38, CD71, CD25 with HLA-DR, CD15 and/or EMA; Group IV: CD38, CD71, CD25, EMA, HLA-DR with CD15, CD30 and/or CD11c; Group V: CD38, CD25, CD11c with CD71, EMA and/or HLA-DR; Group VI: CD38 with CD25 and/or CD11c. Finally, EMA and CD11c were preferentially expressed by CD4 and CD8 T cells, respectively. In summary, these results demonstrate that all eight antigens (1) are associated with T-cell activation, (2) are expressed in a hierarchical manner following activation, and (3) that this expression clusters into distinct immunophenotypic constellations.</p>","PeriodicalId":77160,"journal":{"name":"Hematologic pathology","volume":"6 4","pages":"193-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12536052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Burkitt cell leukemia with myelodysplasia as a presentation of HIV infection.","authors":"R L Sham, J M Bennett","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection include cytopenias, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and myelodysplasia. Acute lymphocytic leukemia has rarely been reported in association with HIV infection. We describe a patient who presented with Burkitt cell leukemia and myelodysplasia as her initial manifestation of HIV infection. The dysplastic features included circulating asymmetric binucleated red blood cells as well as pseudo Pelger-Huet cells. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been previously reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":77160,"journal":{"name":"Hematologic pathology","volume":"6 2","pages":"95-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12774386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H D Friedman, A S Kurec, J Goldberg, T E Coyle, B J Poiesz
{"title":"Large granular lymphocytosis terminating in a polymorphous B-lymphocytic proliferation after low-dose cyclophosphamide therapy: a case report with necropsy findings.","authors":"H D Friedman, A S Kurec, J Goldberg, T E Coyle, B J Poiesz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 70-year-old man presented with clonal large granular lymphocytosis of T-suppressor/cytotoxic immunophenotype, neutropenia, paraproteinemia, and proneness to infection. The patient became severely leukopenic during 14 days of chemotherapy with low-dose cyclophosphamide, and remained so after discontinuation of the drug. Clinically, he was thought to have prolonged chemotherapy-induced marrow hypoplasia. At death, 16 days after the last dose of chemotherapy, autopsy confirmed bone marrow hypoplasia and revealed that well-differentiated, polymorphous, and (immunophenotypically and genotypically) polyclonal B-lymphocytes predominated in normal hematopoietic and lymphoid organs. A similar lymphoid infiltrate was intimately associated with multiple ulcers and smooth muscle necrosis in the stomach. These terminal findings resemble B-lymphoproliferative conditions described in certain forms of immune deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":77160,"journal":{"name":"Hematologic pathology","volume":"6 4","pages":"209-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12511106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The red cell membrane contains calmodulin-regulated crosslinking and proteolytic activity.","authors":"H H Billett, E G Puszkin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several different forms of transglutaminase (TGase) have been documented and these forms may coexist in the same cell. Cytosolic erythrocyte transglutaminases active at millimolar calcium concentrations have been well described. This report discusses membrane-associated erythrocyte TGase activity which can crosslink substrates at micromolar calcium concentrations in the presence of calmodulin (CaM). This TGase activity coisolates with a 1 M NaCl extraction of cytoskeletal components and is purified by CaM affinity chromatography. The EGTA eluate from the affinity chromatography displays TGase activity at ten times that of the initial hemolysate. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this eluate demonstrates two bands of 68,000 and 72,000 daltons. TGase crosslinking of fibronectin, fibrinogen, and membrane cytoskeletal substrates was associated with substrate degradation and could be inhibited competitively by putrescine. Similarities of this TGase to those of the platelet and smooth muscle membrane-associated TGases are explored. CaM-calcium regulated, membrane-associated erythrocyte TGases may play a role in membrane-cytoskeletal interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":77160,"journal":{"name":"Hematologic pathology","volume":"5 4","pages":"185-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12851463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Red cell distribution width, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and England-Fraser index in the differential diagnosis of microcytosis due to iron deficiency or beta-thalassemia trait. A study of 200 cases of microcytic anemia.","authors":"J Juncà, A Flores, C Roy, R Alberti, F Millá","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microcytic anemias are often encountered in clinical practice. In most cases they are due to iron deficiency, but in some geographical areas other diagnoses, such as that of beta-thalassemia trait, must be considered. In some cases, the hematological data presented by the automated hemogram may be very similar in both entities, showing moderate anemia, microcytosis, and increased red blood cells. From a practical point of view, it may be important to make an \"at-first sight\" diagnosis using simple parameters that may readily be obtained from the hemogram or from the laboratory. We have assessed the usefulness of RDW (red cell distribution width), of the England-Fraser index and of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin determination in predicting iron deficiency anemia or beta-thalassemia trait. Our results suggest that the most accurate of these parameters is the England-Fraser index, but that a presumptive diagnosis of beta-thalassemia trait can correctly be made if RDW and FEP values are near normality.</p>","PeriodicalId":77160,"journal":{"name":"Hematologic pathology","volume":"5 1","pages":"33-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13206717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A test of proposed criteria for subclassifying stage A chronic lymphocytic leukemia.","authors":"S Molica","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77160,"journal":{"name":"Hematologic pathology","volume":"5 4","pages":"207-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12956832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Thiele, E von Ammers, S Wagner, C Degel, R Fisher
{"title":"Megakaryocytopoiesis in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a morphometric and immunohistochemical study on bone marrow biopsies with special emphasis on precursor cells.","authors":"J Thiele, E von Ammers, S Wagner, C Degel, R Fisher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A morphometric and immunohistochemical study was performed on trephine biopsies of the bone marrow in patients showing idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and reactive thrombocytosis (RTH). Features of megakaryocytopoiesis were determined not only by using the periodic acid Schiff reaction (PAS), but also by immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody Y2/51, detecting a formalin-resistant epitope of glycoprotein IIIa (CD61). An increased number of megakaryocytes was observed in both ITP and in RTH as compared with a control group. Immunostaining revealed a predominance of small immature elements of this cell lineage, particularly in cases of ITP. Following previous experimental cell culture studies on megakaryocyte precursors and features derived from corresponding smear preparations, we characterized promegakaryoblasts immunomorphometrically. According to these calculations, ITP, as opposed to RTH, features a disproportionate expansion of the megakaryocyte precursor pool.</p>","PeriodicalId":77160,"journal":{"name":"Hematologic pathology","volume":"5 2","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13054268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mature B-cell acute leukemia: a clinical, morphological, immunological, and cytogenetic study of nine cases.","authors":"A Hammami, W C Chan, S D Michels, V H Nassar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nine patients who presented with acute lymphoid leukemia of mature B-cell phenotype without FAB-L3 morphology are discussed. All patients were male with a median age of 69 years. All patients had extensive bone marrow involvement at presentation with lymphoid leukemic cells in the peripheral blood. Six patients had extramedullary disease and 3 developed meningeal involvement sometime during the course of their illness. The leukemic cells were negative for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in all 9 cases, and monoclonal surface immunoglobulin was demonstrated in all 8 cases evaluated with a lambda light chain predominance. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 4 of 6 cases studied with no specific pattern identified, although abnormalities involving chromosome 8 were present in all 4 cases. Despite aggressive chemotherapy, only 2 patients achieved complete remission which was of short duration (1 month) in 1 patient. Eight patients died of their disease 1 week to 20 months after diagnosis with a median survival of 5.5 months. Mature B-cell acute leukemias that are not of the FAB-L3 type have a very aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77160,"journal":{"name":"Hematologic pathology","volume":"5 3","pages":"109-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13117719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}