American Journal of Experimental Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Ugandan Cowpea Germplasm for Yield and Resistance to Scab Disease","authors":"E. Afutu, K. E. Mohammed, T. Odong, M. Biruma, P. Rubaihayo","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/25138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/25138","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study was conducted to identify cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars with high yield potential and resistance to scab disease caused by Sphaceloma sp. in Uganda. 100 cowpea genotypes were evaluated at two locations (Kabanyolo and Serere) in Uganda between April and July, 2014 using a 10 × 10 alpha lattice design. Place and Duration of Study: Makerere University Agriculture Research Institute Kabanyolo (MUARIK) and the National Semi Arid Resources Research Institute (NaSARRI) – Serere between April to July, 2014. Study Design and Methodology: Hundred cowpea lines (69 landraces, 25 inbred lines at F7, 1 local and 5 improved cultivars) were grown at each location in a 10 × 10 alpha lattice design with 3 replications to assess their reaction to the scab disease and yield potential (grain yield and yield related traits). Results: The cowpea lines differed significantly (P = .05) in their response to natural disease Original Research Article Afutu et al.; AJEA, 12(2): 1-18, 2016; Article no.AJEA.25138 2 pressure as determined by disease incidence, apparent infection rate (r) and severity indicated by area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). Analysis of variance showed that there was highly significant differences (P < .001) in genotypes, locations, AUDPC and other traits and genotype by location (G×L) interaction on AUDPC. The correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship of scab disease incidence with AUDPC (0.8; P < .001) but a significant (P < .001) negative relationship with grain yield (-0.8), number of pods per plant (-0.5), number of seeds per pod (-0.5) and 100 seed weight (-0.5). Cluster analysis based on only scab disease indexes produced 4 main clusters while cluster analysis based on disease and yield traits produced 3 main clusters. However, the two different clusters revealed similar grouping patterns in which cowpea lines with similar resistance ratings were shown to form unique clusters. R-mode principal component analysis yielded 4 principal components explaining 62.28% of the variation observed. Conclusion: The study revealed that the use of apparent infection rate “r” alone as an index for rating a genotype for scab reaction was not decisive. One line (NE 15) was found to be resistant to the scab disease at both locations and high yielding and could be used in the cowpea improvement programme to breed for resistance to the scab disease.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80744326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Quantity of Shea Nut Assessed, Collected and Processed Using Improved Shea Nut Processing Technologies in Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"I. Koloche, A. Hamza, A. Mohammed, S. Yahaya, H. Garba, O. Oladipo","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/24444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/24444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82874918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization and Haemolysis of Bacteria Associated with Tilapia zilli from Ijaka-Oke Location on Yewa River","authors":"O. Oyelakin, A. Aki̇nyemi̇, J. Ekelemu, A. Oloyede, B. Abiona","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/19984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/19984","url":null,"abstract":"Fishes are a source of animal protein, rich in minerals, amino acids, and essential fatty acids. \u0000Fishes can be confronted with microbial contamination in their natural habitat and their \u0000transformation products can be a source of microbial infections and food poisoning. In the natural \u0000habitat, microorganisms are usually found on the entire outer surface (skin and gills) and in the \u0000intestines of fishes. Genetic diversity study of the bacteria isolates was done using RAPD \u0000technique. Bacteria were isolated from the gills, gut and skin of Tilapia zilli from Ijaka-Oke location \u0000on Yewa River. Morphometric characteristics of the 20 Tilapia zilli sampled was done. DNA were \u0000extracted from 20 bacteria isolates using CTAB method, PCR amplification of the 20 isolated DNA \u0000was carried out using five RAPD primers. Haemolysis of the 20 bacteria was also carried out using \u00007% of sheep blood in Nutrient Agar and it was used to culture a pure colony of the isolates and \u0000incubated at 37°C for 18 hours. The mean total length of the fishes was 30.00±9.00 (cm), weight 220±4.3 (g), head length 7.4±2.00 (cm) and standard length 21.30±4.50 (cm). The water quality \u0000parameters were also recorded with the water temperature at 22.90C, the pH of the water was 6.1 \u0000and Dissolved Oxygen 6.89 mg/l. Fifty – two (52) polymorphic markers were generated from the 5 \u0000RAPD markers. There were also 15 monomorphic markers from the primers. A total number of 67 \u0000markers were generated. The haemolysis showed that none of the bacteria displayed complete \u0000haemolysis.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89742635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Dynamics of the Mango Mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidea) in Western Burkina Faso","authors":"Karim Nébié, S. Nacro, L. C. Otoidobiga, D. Dakouo, I. Somda","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/24819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/24819","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The study aimed at determining the periods of high pest population of the mango tree mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams with respect to biotic and abiotic factors. Study Design: Semiweekly observations were performed on the mango trees with a view of assessing the density of alive, dead or parasitized R. invadens. Original Research Article Nebie et al.; AJEA, 11(6): 1-11, 2016; Article no.AJEA.24819 2 Place and Duration of the Study: This study was conducted in Western Burkina Faso from May 2014 to April 2015. Methodology: A set of mango trees was selected in each of the following locations: Toussiana, Beregadougou and Orodara. The assessment was conducted on 20 leaves (five leaves per cardinal point) that were picked up from each mango tree at each observation date. The parasitized mealybugs were kept inside pill boxes for two weeks and the emerging parasitoids were collected and kept in alcohol 70°. Data were registered and processed with the Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS software. Results: Results showed that R. invadens’ populations were more abundant during the wet season (May-September 2014) than the dry season (November 2014-April 2015) in all study locations. In general, parasitism was low. Some peaks of abundance were recorded in both wet and dry seasons. The evolution of the mortality of the insect pest was the same in all locations and peaks were observed from December 2014 to April 2015. The density of living R. invadens was significantly correlated with temperature and relative humidity. Impact of the parasitism due to Anagyrus mangicola Noyes and Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes were also assessed and discussed. Conclusion: Periods of R. invadens populations’ abundance are well known in Western Burkina Faso. The parasitoids A. mangicola and G. tebygi are well established. The level of parasitism could be improved by releasing of A. mangicola and G. tebygi to control R. invadens efficiently.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"100 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89272465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance, Nutrient Intake and Digestibility of Uda Sheep with Graded Levels of Xylopia aethiopica (Ethiopian pepper)","authors":"N. Muhammad, I. Musa, S. Maigandi, S. Buhari, Khalifa Muhammad Aljameel","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/26581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/26581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89823717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Antibiotic and Bio-fungicide for Control of Seed Borne Fungi of Wheat","authors":"R. K. Seth, S. Alam, H. Singh, J. Srivastava","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/28988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/28988","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of antibiotic and bio-fungicide for control of seed borne fungi of wheat during November to April. 2015-2016. In this study, two treatments viz. Control, Aureofungin (Antibiotic) with 100 ml water, and Allium sativum leaf extract with cow urine (Biofungicide) for control of seed borne fungi of wheat, In the pot experiment, The result was obtained as a control 63.20%, and disease incidence of 23.30% which were recorded from Allium sativum leaf extract with cow urine (Bio-fungicide) in the Treatment 3 whereas control 47.41% and disease incidence 33.33% were recorded from 4 gm. Aureofungin (Antibiotic) with 100 water in the Treatment 2. In the pots, the control was 68.75%, and as disease incidence 20% which were recorded from Allium sativum leaf extract with cow urine (Bio-fungicide) in the Treatment 3 whereas control was 52.09% and disease incidence was 30.66% which were recorded from 4 gm. Aureofungin with 100 ml water (Antibiotic) in the T 3. Bio-fungicide was found to be superior in controlling of seed borne fungi of wheat comparing with antibiotic. A bio-fungicide is composed of beneficial microorganisms, such as specialized fungi that attack and control plant pathogens and the diseases. Short Research Article Seth et al.; AJEA, 14(1): 1-5, 2016; Article no.AJEA.28988 2","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87593001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetable Production Potential of Turkey","authors":"H. Başak, Melihşah Doğuş","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/25778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/25778","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76538856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of hoe-weeding and Pendimethalin spray regimes on weed management in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) in North Central Nigeria.","authors":"A. Oluwafemi, J. Abiodun","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/19988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/19988","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80875252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Spray Droplet Size Spectra of Drift-reducing Agricultural Spray Nozzle Designs","authors":"Joshua McGinty, P. A. Baumann, W. C. Hoffmann, B. Fritz","doi":"10.9734/ajea/2016/23785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajea/2016/23785","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"104 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88257979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Foliar Application of Growth Regulators and Micronutrients on the Performance of Darjeeling Mandarin","authors":"S. Gurung, S. Mahato, C. P. Suresh, Binoy Chetrri","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/25447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/25447","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation was carried out in the farmer’s field of Kalimpong to evaluate the effect of foliar application of different level of GA3 and micronutrients on Darjeeling mandarin. The experimental design was adopted randomized block design in which there was seven main plot treatments representing combinations of three growth regulators (GA3 @ 7.5 ppm and 15 ppm, BA @ 200 ppm and 400 ppm and 2,4-D @ 7.5 ppm and 15 ppm) and two micro nutrients (Zn @ 0.5% and Boron @ 0.1%). Foliar application of GA3 at the rate of 15 ppm along with zinc (0.5%) and boron (0.1%) improved growth morphology, fruit yield attributes is also effective in enhancing the fruit yield with better fruit quality. Generally, it could be concluded that the treatment (T3) seems to be the promising treatment for the hilly region of Darjeeling.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77627851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}