German journal of ophthalmology最新文献_第7页

Rifabutin-associated anterior uveitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 人类免疫缺陷病毒感染患者的利法布汀相关性前葡萄膜炎

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-07-01

M Schimkat, C Althaus, K Becker, R Sundmacher

{"title":"Rifabutin-associated anterior uveitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.","authors":"M Schimkat, C Althaus, K Becker, R Sundmacher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Iridocyclitis, arthralgia, and pseudojaundice have been identified as dose-dependent adverse effects in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who are treated orally with rifabutin for Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (MAC) infections. Nine episodes of acute anterior uveitis of varying severity ranging from mild iridocyclitis to anterior uveitis with fibrin or hypopyon, mimicking endogenous metastatic endophthalmitis, occurred in seven patients. At the time of presentation, all seven patients were receiving rifabutin at a dose ranging from 300 to 600 mg daily. Iridocyclitis was bilateral in four of seven patients, in two cases simultaneously and in two cases successively. Inflammation resolved rapidly on treatment with systemic and topical antibiotics, on corticosteroid therapy, and on discontinuation of rifabutin. In two cases of mild iridocyclitis, cessation of rifabutin alone led to resolution of the uveitis. The combination of rifabutin, clarithromycin, and fluconazole may increase the risk for anterior uveitis in patients with AIDS. All of our patients were treated with fluconazole, with clarithromycin, or with a combination of both substances in addition to rifabutin. Identification of rifabutin-induced uveitis is important because hypopyon uveitis in the immunocompromised patient generally evokes intensive and, sometimes, invasive ophthalmic and systemic workup and therapy. We suggest it to be sufficient for resolution of the inflammatory signs to discontinue rifabutin medication.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 4","pages":"195-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19821928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of different antioxidants on lens-induced uveitis. 不同抗氧化剂对晶状体性葡萄膜炎的影响。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-07-01

F H Koch, A J Augustin, F H Grus, M Spitznas

{"title":"Effects of different antioxidants on lens-induced uveitis.","authors":"F H Koch, A J Augustin, F H Grus, M Spitznas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"For evaluation of the effects of different free-radical scavengers on biochemical changes in lens-induced uveitis (LIU), ten male Wistar rats were sensitized for 8 weeks using bovine lens protein and Freund's adjuvant. The uveitis was induced by disruption of the lens capsule. One group of animals received superoxide dismutase and catalase (SOD/CAT); a second group of animals was treated with vitamin E. Lipid peroxides (LPO) of the retinal tissue and aqueous humor served as parameter of oxidative tissue damage. Glutathione (GSH/GSSG) of the aqueous humor was evaluated as a parameter of the tissue's redox state. For evaluation of the inflammatory response, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) was determined in the iris/ciliary-body complex. SOD/CAT produced no improvement in the significantly (P < 0.05) elevated MPO and LPO values recorded for untreated control animals. Following vitamin E treatment the GSH/GSSG and LPO values in aqueous humor were markedly improved as compared with controls. Retinal LPO values were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced as compared with controls. No change in MPO levels was observed. The results demonstrate that enzymes such as SOD and CAT do not influence tissue damage at a significant level, whereas radical chain breakers such as vitamin E can do so. However, the inflammatory response itself is not reduced. To achieve global results, drugs are necessary that act on both free radicals produced by noninflammatory pathways and those originating from inflammation.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 4","pages":"185-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19822059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endophthalmitis induced by atypical mycobacterial infection. 非典型分枝杆菌感染致眼内炎。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-07-01

U H Grenzebach, H Busse, M Tötsch, B Dockhorn-Dworniczak

{"title":"Endophthalmitis induced by atypical mycobacterial infection.","authors":"U H Grenzebach, H Busse, M Tötsch, B Dockhorn-Dworniczak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Granulomatous uveitis induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been less frequently encountered over the last 20 years. Differential diagnosis of M. tuberculosis and other atypical mycobacteria is nevertheless of particular interest in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndromes. We present the case of a 60-year-old man who was referred to our clinic because of therapy-refractive endophthalmitis. Diagnostic vitrectomy including microbiological examination as well as further extensive serological examinations did not reveal any further information on the etiology. Despite intensive anti-inflammatory treatment, the eye became blind and developed secondary glaucoma. Evisceration of the globe had to be performed. Histopathological examination showed a granulomatous inflammation without the tuberculosis-typical development of central caseous necrosis. Further molecular pathological investigations had to be performed with regard to differential diagnostic aspects. By means of the polymerase chain reaction we could detect mycobacterial gene sequences that corresponded to atypical mycobacteria. The diagnosis of atypical mycobacterial infection was confirmed Molecular-genetics examination techniques, especially those involving the polymerase chain reaction, will become more important in routine histopathological examination. These techniques can be performed on paraffin-fixed or formalin-embedded material for further differential diagnostic considerations.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 4","pages":"202-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19821929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hyalocytes inhibit retinal pigment epithelium cell proliferation in vitro. 透明细胞体外抑制视网膜色素上皮细胞增殖。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-07-01

C L Schönfeld

{"title":"Hyalocytes inhibit retinal pigment epithelium cell proliferation in vitro.","authors":"C L Schönfeld","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Under pathological conditions such as retinal detachment or proliferative vitreoretinopathy, the normally quiescent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may proliferate. We investigated whether hyalocytes, endogenous to the vitreous, might play a role in modulating the proliferation of RPE cells in vitro. We cultured hyalocytes from bovine eyes and RPE cells from human eyes. RPE cell proliferation was determined by [3H]-thymidine incorporation following incubation with hyalocyte-conditioned media (HCM). HCM inhibited RPE cell proliferation with no effect on cell viability as based on trypan blue exclusion. This inhibition was partially antagonized by a specific neutralizing antibody against transforming growth factor-beta (anti-TGF beta antibody). Fractionation of HCM into low- and high-molecular-weight components showed inhibition of RPE cell proliferation in both fractions, suggesting that there may be multiple inhibitors. Whereas protease inhibition of HCM did not alter the inhibition of RPE cell proliferation, acid activation of HCM, which causes activation of latent TGF beta, enhanced its inhibitory effect. These data suggest that cultured hyalocytes secrete active and latent TGF beta and that this accounts for a portion of their inhibitory effect on RPE cell proliferation in vitro.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 4","pages":"224-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19821932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristic distribution of deposits in recurrent granular corneal dystrophy. 复发性颗粒状角膜营养不良沉积物的特征性分布。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-05-01

C Auw-Haedrich, K U Loeffler, R Sundmacher, H Witschel

引用次数: 0

Oculomucocutaneous changes as paraneoplastic syndromes. 眼皮肤变化为副肿瘤综合征。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-05-01

B Kreutzer, N Stübiger, H J Thiel, M Zierhut

{"title":"Oculomucocutaneous changes as paraneoplastic syndromes.","authors":"B Kreutzer, N Stübiger, H J Thiel, M Zierhut","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Bullous dermatoses such as erythema exsudativum multiform major (EEMM) and bullous pemphigoid can lead to severe ocular involvement. In rare cases, both diseases develop as paraneoplastic syndromes. The immunopathologic mechanisms are discussed. A 69-year-old woman with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of grade IIIb developed EEMM while under systemic treatment with Fluconazole, Ofloxacin, and/or a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim after polychemotherapy. In the eye, conjunctival necrosis with sicca syndrome led to Staphylococcus aureus-induced corneal superinfection, perforation, and consecutive keratoplasty à chaud. The patient died 6 weeks after the first presentation. A 44-year-old man with NHL of grade IVa after polychemotherapy developed a bullous pemphigoid affecting the skin, mucous membranes, and both eyes while under systemic treatment with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Although the underlying malignancy responded well to chemotherapy, the ocular manifestations of the paraneoplastic systemic syndrome slowed down only on treatment with cyclosporin A but not following therapy with azathioprine and cyclophosphamide. Therapy could not stop cicatrization and keratinization of the conjunctiva and cornea. An occult malignancy should be excluded in acute and chronic oculomucocutaneous syndromes. The prognosis for the eye seems to be poor because of the rapid course and the ineffectiveness of therapy as demonstrated in the present cases.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 3","pages":"176-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19772537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of vascular endothelial growth factor on bovine corneal endothelial cells in a wound-healing model. 血管内皮生长因子对创面愈合模型牛角膜内皮细胞的影响。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-05-01

J Bednarz, A Thalmann-Goetsch, G Richard, K Engelmann

{"title":"Influence of vascular endothelial growth factor on bovine corneal endothelial cells in a wound-healing model.","authors":"J Bednarz, A Thalmann-Goetsch, G Richard, K Engelmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we determined the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on bovine corneal endothelial cell proliferation and wound healing. Proliferation was determined by measurement of DNA replication as well as by counting of the number of cells present after a defined growth period. In a wound-healing model, reproducible cell-free areas were created within monolayers of cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells and the migration of the cells into these areas was analyzed. The DNA replication and cell proliferation of bovine corneal endothelial cells were not influenced by VEGF. In contrast, in the wound-healing model, VEGF supplementation at concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/ml increased the cell density of the wounded area by 20% and 50%, respectively, as compared with the cell density of wounds left untreated by VEGF. Furthermore, no increase in DNA replication was found in cells involved in wound healing. Our results demonstrate that healing of bovine corneal endothelial cell layers after wounding is predominantly performed by cell migration rather than by proliferation. This migration can be stimulated by the addition of exogenous VEGF.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 3","pages":"127-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19773276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Secondary cataract formation following pediatric intraocular lens implantation: 6-month results. 儿童人工晶状体植入术后继发性白内障形成:6个月的结果。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-05-01

T Kohnen, R Peña-Cuesta, D D Koch

{"title":"Secondary cataract formation following pediatric intraocular lens implantation: 6-month results.","authors":"T Kohnen, R Peña-Cuesta, D D Koch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary membrane formation is the most common complication of posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various methods of managing the posterior capsule and anterior vitreous on the rate of posterior capsular opacification in children implanted with PC IOLs. We retrospectively studied 16 eyes of 12 children (age 1.5-12 years) implanted with PC IOLs; the follow-up period was at least 6 months. The posterior capsule and anterior vitreous were managed in a variety of ways: in 5 eyes the posterior capsule was left intact, and 11 eyes underwent posterior capsulorehexis (PCCC)-6 cases without and 5 cases with anterior vitrectomy. In two eyes of each of the last two groups, posterior optic capture was performed. Visually significant secondary cataract developed in all five eyes with intact posterior capsules and in the four eyes that had undergone PCCC without vitrectomy and without posterior optic capture. The optical axis remained clear in all eyes that had undergone vitrectomy and in all eyes treated with posterior optic capture. Each procedure, posterior optic capture and anterior vitrectomy appears to be effective in preventing or delaying posterior opacification in lens implantation in infants and children. However, a longterm follow-up is required to determine the efficacy and safety of these two approaches.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 3","pages":"171-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19772536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-layered perceptron as a model for the pupillary pathway. 多层感知器作为瞳孔通路的模型。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-05-01

W Fink, H Wilhelm, B Wilhelm, E W Schmid

引用次数: 0

Interaction of the indirectly acting topical sympathomimetics cocaine and pholedrine. 间接作用的局部拟交感神经药物可卡因和麻风碱的相互作用。

German journal of ophthalmology Pub Date : 1996-05-01

H Wilhelm, B Wilhelm, C Kriegbaum

{"title":"Interaction of the indirectly acting topical sympathomimetics cocaine and pholedrine.","authors":"H Wilhelm, B Wilhelm, C Kriegbaum","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In suspected Horner's syndrome, cocaine eye drops are applied to verify the diagnosis. Subsequent application of hydroxyamphetamine or pholedrine eye drops allows localization of the site of the interruption in the oculosympathetic pathway. In the present study the influence of cocaine on subsequent pholedrine testing was examined. Cocaine 5% and pholedrine 5% eye drops were applied to eight (72-h interval only six) normal volunteers with light-colored irides. The ages of the subjects ranged from 23 to 40 years. Eye drops were applied to the same eye at varying intervals of up to 72 h, with the cocaine being given between 8:30 and 9:30 a.m. Pupil diameters were recorded by means of a frame-grabber card in a personal computer and were subsequently measured before and at 50-60 min after each drug application in 1.7 cd/m2 ambient light. In the absence of pretreatment with cocaine, pholedrine changed the mean pupil diameter from 6.89 to 8.57 mm. At 12 h after cocaine pretreatment the pupil remained dilated. Pholedrine dilated the pupil further, from 7.69 to 8.61 mm. When cocaine was given 24 h before pholedrine, the pupil dilated from 6.75 to 8.25 mm; at 48 h after cocaine application, pholedrine dilated the pupil from 6.14 to 8.20 mm; and at 72 h after cocaine pretreatment, pholedrine dilated the pupil from 5.74 to 8.00 mm. As compared with the mean diameter of the untreated contralateral pupil, the pholedrine-induced dilation amounted to 2.32 mm in the absence of cocaine pretreatment, 1.04 mm at 12 h after cocaine application, 1.29 mm at 24 h after cocaine administration, 1.89 mm at 48 h after cocaine pretreatment, and 2.18 mm at 72 h after cocaine application. The residual cocaine effect interfered with the mean pupil dilation produced by pholedrin for at least 48 h. To ensure that the sensitivity of the pholedrine test is maximal, the examiner should delay its use for more than 48 h after the cocaine test.","PeriodicalId":77146,"journal":{"name":"German journal of ophthalmology","volume":"5 3","pages":"168-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19772535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0