American family physician最新文献

{"title":"Students and Residents: The Future of American Family Physician.","authors":"Sumi M Sexton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"112 1","pages":"11-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Limited Benefits, Significant Harms.","authors":"Adriane Fugh-Berman, Barbara Mintzes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"112 1","pages":"15-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bullous Rash on the Legs.","authors":"David M Quillen, Scott H Lang, Sara A Lohbauer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"112 1","pages":"85-86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Intravenous Antihypertensives in Adults Hospitalized for Noncardiac Causes.","authors":"Elin Kondrad, Allyson Westling, Megan Harper, Stephanie Weldon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"112 1","pages":"81-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin to Decrease Mortality in Patients With Prediabetes.","authors":"Charla Allen, Kayden Barber, Brian Mallory, Annalee Toti","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"112 1","pages":"79-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approach to Developmental Screening and Surveillance in Young Children.","authors":"John J Koopman, David C Fiore, Karen Thiele","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early childhood development focuses on physical well-being, the development of motor skills and social interaction patterns, and the attainment of specific cognitive and communication skills. Developmental delay occurs when children are slow to achieve expected age-related norms for specific skills and may suggest underlying disease states. Developmental disabilities tend to be chronic conditions that affect social, physical, or cognitive development; these are reported in about 9% of children. Early intervention improves developmental outcomes with the potential for immediate and lasting effects. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends developmental surveillance at every well-child visit, using a validated developmental screening tool during the 9-, 18-, 24-, and 30-month well-child visits. The US Preventive Services Task Force found insufficient evidence to support universal developmental screening for autism spectrum disorder or speech and language disorders at these ages. Family physicians should use their best judgment when deciding whether to implement universal developmental screening. Numerous screening tools are available with comparable sensitivity and specificity profiles at varying costs. For any child with developmental concerns, referral for diagnostic evaluation is warranted with access supported by federal law. Children younger than 3 years should be referred to early intervention services. Children 3 years and older are typically referred to school-based programs, although they may not be available to children in private schools without access to these resources. Chromosomal microarray testing or exome sequencing is recommended for children who have developmental disabilities without an explainable cause. Continued surveillance and/or screening is warranted at future appointments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"112 1","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VA/DoD Guidelines: Oral Health in Prenatal Care.","authors":"Shenam Ticku, Hugh Silk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"112 1","pages":"online"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccines for Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella in Children and Adolescents.","authors":"William E Cayley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"112 1","pages":"24-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Bodies in the Ear, Nose, and Throat.","authors":"J Lane Wilson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat are common in young children and can also occur in other populations. Patients with foreign bodies in the ear (ie, external auditory canal) are usually asymptomatic but can present with otalgia, sensation of fullness, hypoacusis, pruritus, and otorrhea (usually bleeding). Removal in the office may be attempted in cooperative or appropriately restrained patients with irrigation or instrumentation, depending on the type of object and degree of impaction. Similarly, nasal foreign bodies can often be removed safely in the office with positive pressure techniques followed by instrumentation when the object is visible. A wide range of tools and methods have been described, yet evidence is lacking to recommend specific instruments or techniques. Referral is indicated for patients with external auditory canal or nasal foreign bodies that are more difficult or dangerous to remove, such as when the patient cannot be safely immobilized, the object is penetrating or a button battery, or removal attempts have failed. Foreign bodies of the throat pose significant and immediate risks to the airway and require urgent emergency management. All patients with airway foreign bodies should be referred to the emergency department for sedation, direct visualization of the object via flexible or rigid endoscope, and removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"112 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Top 20 Research Studies of 2024 for Primary Care Physicians.","authors":"Roland Grad, Mark H Ebell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article summarizes the top 20 research studies of 2024 identified as POEMs (patient-oriented evidence that matters). Based on a network meta-analysis, the oral antibiotics most likely to be effective for community-acquired pneumonia are telithromycin (not available in the United States), azithromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and the quinolones levofloxacin and nemonoxacin (not available in the United States). The oral antivirals molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir reduce hospitalizations in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19. In average-risk infants, a single dose of nirsevimab reduces hospitalizations due to respiratory syncytial virus. Amoxicillin with or without clavulanate is more effective than placebo for children with symptoms of acute sinusitis. Benzyl benzoate 25% is highly effective for scabies in adolescents and adults. Lactobacillus-containing probiotics reduce the incidence of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in premenopausal women with frequent UTIs. Low-dose amitriptyline is effective as second-line therapy for irritable bowel syndrome. For patients with uncomplicated gallstones, conservative management is a reasonable option. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are better than older drugs at improving patient-oriented outcomes for type 2 diabetes. Continuous or intermittent glucose monitoring is minimally effective for control of type 2 diabetes and can be harmful. Phentermine-topiramate and GLP-1 receptor agonists are the most effective drugs for promoting weight loss. Semaglutide is effective for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with obesity and no diabetes. SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists decrease cardiovascular death in older adults with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. Beta blockers do not prevent subsequent events after myocardial infarction in patients with preserved ejection fraction. For patients who do not quit smoking after a trial of varenicline or combined nicotine replacement therapy, a higher dose of either drug can increase quit rates. e-Cigarettes increase abstinence from smoking, but long-term vaping is a consequence for some. Oral naltrexone and acamprosate are safe and effective treatments for alcohol use disorder. Cognitive behavior therapy can reduce fatigue attributed to long COVID. New monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer disease are harmful, expensive, and minimally effective. Clinicians may choose to deliver bad news in person or by telephone, using their judgment or patient preference to decide which is best for the patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"112 1","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}