American family physician最新文献_第10页

Over 13.6 Years, Children With Hypertension Are Twice As Likely to Have Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events. 13.6 岁以上儿童高血压患者发生重大不良心血管事件的几率是正常儿童的两倍。

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2024-12-01

Henry C Barry

引用次数: 0

Premenstrual Disorders: Guidelines From the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 经前期紊乱：美国妇产科医师学会指南》。

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2024-12-01

Michael J Arnold

引用次数: 0

Management of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars. 瘢痕疙瘩和肥厚性疤痕的处理。

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2024-12-01

Justin Bailey, Megan Schwehr, Alexandra Beattie

{"title":"Management of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars.","authors":"Justin Bailey, Megan Schwehr, Alexandra Beattie","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Keloid and hypertrophic scars are a result of aberrant wound healing responses within the reticular dermis. They are thought to be secondary to the formation of a disorganized extracellular matrix due to excessive fibroproliferative collagen response. Prevention of these scars focuses on avoiding elective or cosmetic procedures such as piercings in patients at high risk, reducing tension across the lesion, and decreasing the inflammatory response. Topical treatments, including tension reduction with gel sheets, inflammatory reduction with corticosteroid ointments, and combined treatment with corticosteroid-infused tapes and plasters, can reduce scarring. Liquid nitrogen is beneficial, especially when injected into the scar through intralesional cryotherapy. Corticosteroid injection is effective for prevention and treatment. OnabotulinumtoxinA appears to be superior to both fluorouracil and corticosteroid injections for treating keloids and hypertrophic scars. Advanced treatment includes laser therapies (direct ablation, postsurgical, or laser-assisted drug delivery). Surgical revisions can be successful when tension-reducing techniques are used and when combined with other treatments such as postoperative steroid injection, laser ablation, and radiation therapy. For keloid prevention, corticosteroid injections administered 10 to 14 days postsurgery is superior to injections administered before or during surgery. Radiation therapy is considered safe with low cancer risk and can be used alone or in combination with other therapies.","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"110 6","pages":"605-611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mildly Elevated Liver Transaminase Levels: Causes and Evaluation. 轻度升高的肝转氨酶水平：原因和评估。

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2024-12-01

Robert C Langan, Kourtni A Hines-Smith

{"title":"Mildly Elevated Liver Transaminase Levels: Causes and Evaluation.","authors":"Robert C Langan, Kourtni A Hines-Smith","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately 10% to 20% of the general population has elevated liver chemistry levels, including aspartate and alanine transaminases. Elevated transaminase levels may be associated with significant underlying liver disease and increased risk of liver-related and all-cause mortality. The most common causes of mildly elevated transaminase levels (two to five times the upper limit of normal) are metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcoholic liver disease. Uncommon causes include drug-induced liver injury, chronic hepatitis B and C, and hereditary hemochromatosis. Rare causes are alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, autoimmune hepatitis, and Wilson disease. Extrahepatic causes are celiac disease, hyperthyroidism, rhabdomyolysis, and pregnancy-associated liver disease. Initial laboratory testing assesses complete blood cell count with platelets, blood glucose, lipid profile, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody, serum albumin, iron, total iron-binding capacity, and ferritin. If MASLD is suspected, the FIB-4 Index Score or NAFLD Fibrosis Score can be used to predict which patients are at risk for fibrosis and may benefit from further testing or referral to a hepatologist. All patients with elevated transaminases should be counseled about moderation or cessation of alcohol use, weight loss, and avoidance of hepatotoxic drugs.","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"110 6","pages":"585-591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bone Stress Injuries (Including Stress Fractures). 骨骼应力损伤（包括应力性骨折）。

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2024-12-01

引用次数: 0

Psychological Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease or Heart Failure. 冠心病或心力衰竭患者抑郁和焦虑的心理干预。

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2024-12-01

Kento Sonoda, Catherine Peony Khoo

引用次数: 0

Diary of a Family Physician. 家庭医生日记

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2024-12-01

Marwa Saleh, Dolly C Penn

引用次数: 0

Nonmedical Interventions to Enhance Return to Work for People With Cancer. 促进癌症患者重返工作岗位的非医疗干预措施。

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2024-12-01

Prakhya Bhatnagar, Anthony Day

引用次数: 0

The Overdiagnosis of Myocardial Infarction. 心肌梗死的过度诊断。

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2024-12-01

Andy Lazris, Alan Roth, Helen Haskell, John James

引用次数: 0

Anemia in Infants and Children: Evaluation and Treatment. 婴幼儿贫血：评估与治疗》。

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2024-12-01

Meghan F Raleigh, Ashley S Yano, Nathan E Shaffer

{"title":"Anemia in Infants and Children: Evaluation and Treatment.","authors":"Meghan F Raleigh, Ashley S Yano, Nathan E Shaffer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia affects more than 269 million children globally, including 1.2 million children in the United States. Although anemia can present with numerous symptoms, children are most often asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Anemia in infants and children most often arises from nutritional iron deficiency but can also be a result of genetic hemoglobin disorders, blood loss, infections, and other diseases. In the United States, newborn screening programs assess for various genetic causes of anemia at birth. The US Preventive Services Task Force notes insufficient evidence to recommend universal screening of asymptomatic children in the first year of life; however, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening all children before 1 year of age. Initial laboratory evaluation consists of a complete blood cell count, with further testing dependent on mean corpuscular volume. Microcytic anemia is the most common hematologic disorder in children, with iron deficiency as the most common cause. A recommended dosage of 2 to 6 mg/kg per day of ferrous sulfate is the most effective oral iron supplementation for patients with iron deficiency anemia. Delayed cord clamping at birth might prevent early iron deficiency, but no clinically relevant outcomes are certain. Normocytic anemia is classified by reticulocyte count and can reflect hemolysis (high reticulocyte count) or bone marrow suppression (low reticulocyte count). Macrocytic anemia is less common in children and is typically a result of nutritional deficiencies or poor absorption of cobalamin (vitamin B12) or folate. Pediatric hematology referral might be beneficial for patients who do not respond to treatment, and referrals are critical for any bone marrow suppression that is diagnosed.","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"110 6","pages":"612-620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0