American family physician最新文献_第3页

Lower Extremity Abnormalities in Children.

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2025-02-01

Drew C Baird, Caleb G Dickison, Hayley I Spires

{"title":"Lower Extremity Abnormalities in Children.","authors":"Drew C Baird, Caleb G Dickison, Hayley I Spires","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Rotational and angular variations of the lower extremities in children are common conditions seen in primary care. These visits are often due to parental concerns about the appearance of their child's lower extremities. Common variations include intoeing (metatarsus adductus, internal tibial torsion, and femoral anteversion); out-toeing (external tibial torsion, femoral retroversion, and pes planus); and angular variations (genu varum and genu valgum). History, particularly age of onset; duration; progression; appearance and impact; prenatal and birth history; nutritional deficiencies; growth and development; medical and family history of related disorders, including rheumatologic, autoimmune, or neurologic conditions, can help differentiate normal variations from true deformities. In addition to a routine physical examination, a focused examination measuring a variety of parameters, such as foot progression angle, internal and external hip rotation, thigh-foot angle, joint laxity, and other condition-specific tests should be performed. If an underlying cause is identified, it should be treated; however, these conditions typically do not require further evaluation or treatment if measurements are within age-related normal ranges and patients are asymptomatic, and parents can be reassured that they are benign. There is minimal evidence to support the use of orthotics or braces. Referral to a pediatric orthopedist should be considered when measurements are more than 2 standard deviations outside of normal values, children have pain, or function is affected.","PeriodicalId":7713,"journal":{"name":"American family physician","volume":"111 2","pages":"125-139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2025-02-01

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy for Male Hypogonadism.

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2025-02-01

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Topical Corticosteroids for Treating Phimosis in Boys.

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2025-02-01

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Ultrasound- vs Landmark-Guided Steroid Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

IF 3.8 3区医学

American family physician Pub Date : 2025-02-01

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SGLT-2 Inhibitors Reduce Cardiovascular Mortality, but Benefit Is Modest, Even in Patients With Established Heart Disease. SGLT-2抑制剂可降低心血管死亡率，但益处有限，即使在已确诊心脏病的患者中也是如此

IF 3.8 3区医学