Alcohol最新文献

{"title":"The alcohol exposome","authors":"Nousha H. Sabet ,&nbsp;Todd A. Wyatt","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Science is now in a new era of exposome research that strives to build a more all-inclusive, panoramic view in the quest for answers; this is especially true in the field of toxicology. Alcohol exposure researchers have been examining the multivariate co-exposures that may either exacerbate or initiate alcohol-related tissue/organ injuries. This manuscript presents selected key variables that represent the <em>Alcohol Exposome</em>. The primary variables that make up the <em>Alcohol Exposome</em> can include comorbidities such as cigarettes, poor diet, occupational hazards, environmental hazards, infectious agents, and aging. In addition to representing multiple factors, the <em>Alcohol Exposome</em> examines the various types of intercellular communications that are carried from one organ system to another and may greatly impact the types of injuries and metabolites caused by alcohol exposure. The intent of defining the <em>Alcohol Exposome</em> is to bring the newly expanded definition of <em>Exposomics,</em> meaning the study of the exposome, to the field of alcohol research and to emphasize the need for examining research results in a non-isolated environment representing a more relevant manner in which all human physiology exists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of serum BDNF levels in alcohol withdrawal syndrome with and without other medical co-morbidities","authors":"Magda Malewska-Kasprzak ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Permoda-Pachuta ,&nbsp;Maria Skibińska ,&nbsp;Marta Malinowska-Kubiak ,&nbsp;Filip Rybakowski ,&nbsp;Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Consequences of alcohol use disorder (AUD) are associated with mental and somatic burdens that result in alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), with 30% of AWS cases leading to life-threatening delirium tremens (DTs). So far, biomarkers for tracking abstinence syndrome that are useful in clinical practice have yet to be detected. Current research focuses on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) effects on neurogenesis, modulation of plasticity, and its role in the pathogenesis of AWS and DTs.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>The present study aimed to assess pro-BDNF and BDNF concentrations in a group of patients with AWS. Changes in BDNF and prof-BDNF were also evaluated with attention to subgroups of patients with coexisting mental and somatic disorders, with a particular emphasis on the presence or absence of DTs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The AWS group had a higher concentration of BDNF and a lower concentration of pro-BDNF compared to the control group, and BDNF increased during 7 days of hospitalisation. Patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders had higher levels of pro-BDNF than those without disease and also had higher levels of BDNF at the end of the study than at the beginning. On the other hand, patients with coexisting somatic diseases had higher levels of pro-BDNF at the beginning than at the end of the study, while patients with delirium had higher BDNF levels at the end of the study than at the beginning.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The obtained results indicate that pro-BDNF and BDNF may be useful markers for the course of withdrawal syndrome. In particular, BDNF showed an association with the development of delirium complications. The authors are aware of several limitations of the work only men in the SG, different age between SG and CG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139492735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-dependent effects of ethanol withdrawal from a single- and repeated binge episode exposures on social anxiety-like behavior and neuropeptide gene expression in adolescent rats","authors":"Peter T. Penta,&nbsp;Susanna Villarreal,&nbsp;Caitlin I. Rameas,&nbsp;Ella C. Collins,&nbsp;Trevor T. Towner,&nbsp;Elena I. Varlinskaya,&nbsp;David F. Werner","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethanol withdrawal sensitivity is a risk factor for the development of alcohol use disorder. Heavy episodic drinking during adolescence often encompasses repeated periods of withdrawal. Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure of laboratory rodents produces several neurobiological deficits that differ between sexes, but the sensitivity to withdrawal as a contributor to the observed sex differences is not clear. The current study assessed the impact of acute withdrawal from a single- and repeated binge ethanol episodes during adolescence as well as protracted abstinence from repeated binge episodes on social anxiety-like behavior (indexed <em>via</em> significant decreases of social investigation) as well as oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (AVP) system gene expression in the hypothalamus (HYP) and central amygdala (CeA) in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. Females displayed social anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal from a single binge episode, whereas both sexes showed social anxiety-like changes following acute withdrawal from repeated binge episodes. After a period of protracted abstinence, only males still displayed ethanol-associated social alterations. Analysis of gene expression in separate, non-socially tested subjects revealed that withdrawal from repeated binge episodes during adolescence increased AVP gene expression in the HYP of males and decreased it in females. Males also displayed increased AVP and OXTR gene expression during acute withdrawal from repeated binge episodes in the CeA, with these changes persisting into adulthood. Together, these findings suggest that adolescent females are sensitive to withdrawal from both acute and repeated ethanol exposures, whereas males are sensitive to withdrawal from repeated ethanol exposures, with affective and transcriptional changes persisting into adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding drunkorexia behaviors among college students using the theory of planned behavior","authors":"Amir Bhochhibhoya ,&nbsp;Shannon N. Speed ,&nbsp;Rose Marie Ward ,&nbsp;Paul Branscum","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drunkorexia refers to high-risk behaviors that involve the intersection of disordered eating behaviors and risky alcohol consumption. This study utilized the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to identify potential psychosocial factors that contribute to drunkorexia among students (484 undergraduate students) from a midwestern Mid-sized university. This cross-sectional study used online surveys designed to measure various drunkorexia-related behaviors including alcohol consumption, calorie restriction, excessive exercise, and purging utilizing antecedents of the TPB. About one-fourth of participants reported engagement in drunkorexia. The extended TPB model reported strong predictive validity for intention for calorie restriction, excessive exercise, and purging with instrumental attitudes and capacity being significant predictors for all three behaviors. Findings provide more profound insight regarding patterns of drunkorexia that could inform future theory-based interventions to address drunkorexia among college students.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of alcohol use and inclusion of alcohol use disorder medications in the essential medicine lists across 132 countries: An observational study","authors":"Arpit Parmar ,&nbsp;Dinesh Prasad Sahu ,&nbsp;Priyamadhaba Behera","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Harmful use of alcohol affects the health of the population. The treatment coverage of alcohol use disorders (AUD) varies among countries. The study aimed to determine the inclusion of AUD medicines in various national Essential Medicine Lists (EMLs) and its association with alcohol consumption. It was a secondary data analysis of alcohol consumptions and AUD-related medicines in EML. Data were extracted from the WHO Global Essential Medicines database and the WHO Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018. Data were extracted for 194 countries. Only 132 of 194 countries (68.0%) had EML, and among the 132 countries only 27.3% had included AUD medicines in their EML. Only 36 countries had included any of the AUD medicines in their EML. Disulfiram was included by 23 countries, while acamprosate and naltrexone were included by only four and 19 countries, respectively. Among the countries, 36.1% were from upper-middle income countries and 16.65 were from low-income countries. The inclusion of AUD medicines in national EML was neither associated with alcohol consumption parameters nor the alcohol consumption-related policy parameters. Considering the high prevalence of AUD and its complications, there is an urgent need to focus on including AUD medicines in national EMLs for making AUD treatment available and accessible across the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 111-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a population of outpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD): The role of personality traits, age at first alcohol use and level of craving","authors":"Monica L. Roman ,&nbsp;Clément Vansteene ,&nbsp;Daphnée Poupon ,&nbsp;Philip Gorwood","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly affects individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, despite the negative outcomes associated with this comorbidity, ADHD is underdiagnosed in this population. We aim to identify clinical parameters and propose cutoff scores enabling the detection of ADHD among patients with AUD. We retrospectively analyzed data from 199 patients, out of a global sample of 412 who were consecutively admitted to a day hospital for alcohol-related problems between 2009 and 2022. We found that lower level of self-directedness, higher levels of novelty seeking, self-transcendence, harm avoidance and craving, and earlier first alcohol consumption could accurately predict the presence of ADHD in AUD (AUC = 0.926). Self-directedness and novelty seeking had the best predictive abilities: a self-directedness score below 52 was associated with an accuracy of 82% and, combined with a novelty seeking score over 53, the accuracy reached 85%. Such findings could be useful to help clinicians detect ADHD in patients with AUD so that they can receive the adequate care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between 5-HTRs gene polymorphism and alcohol use disorder in Han males from Yunnan, China","authors":"Kuan Li ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianjun Bao ,&nbsp;Xulan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinjian Zheng ,&nbsp;Fei Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaopei Yang ,&nbsp;Jiahui Peng ,&nbsp;Changqing Gao ,&nbsp;Shurong Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has become a very serious medical and social problem. It is found that genetic polymorphisms of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors (<em>5-HTRs</em>) genes were associated with the risk of AUD. However, the results are controversial among different ethnic groups. At present, the correlation between <em>5-HTRs</em> gene polymorphism and AUD in Han population from Yunnan Province remains unclear. In this study, 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of <em>HTR1B</em>, <em>HTR2A</em>, <em>HTR3A, HTR3B</em> and <em>HTR7</em> were detected by universal fluorescent probe technique. The CT genotype frequency of <em>HTR3A</em> rs1062613 was significantly higher in AUD case group than that in control group (<em>P</em> = 0.037, OR = 2.193, 95% CI: 1.048–4.366). The study indicated that the genetic polymorphisms of <em>5-HTRs</em> were significantly associated with risk of AUD in Han male from Yunnan, China. In addition, this study further demonstrated the impact of alcohol on human health, especially liver damage, by analyzing the blood biochemical indicators of patients with AUD and combining them with their medical history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"124 ","pages":"Pages 55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating microRNAs and alcohol consumption in the multiethnic cohort study","authors":"Nicholas Acuna ,&nbsp;Song-Yi Park ,&nbsp;David V. Conti ,&nbsp;Mariana C. Stern ,&nbsp;Anna H. Wu ,&nbsp;Iona Cheng ,&nbsp;Lynne R. Wilkens ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ou Shu ,&nbsp;Veronica Wendy Setiawan","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive alcohol consumption is a significant public health concern and contributes to liver diseases and cancer. Modifiable lifestyle factors including alcohol consumption can influence circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), which are increasingly used as biomarkers for early disease detection. Yet limited studies have identified miRNAs associated with alcohol intake, particularly in multiethnic populations. We aimed to assess the association of alcohol consumption and circulating miRNAs in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Participants (N = 917) had alcohol consumption data collected at baseline and miRNA data collected at follow-up. Negative binomial models were used to assess the association between alcohol consumption (continuous and categorical [nondrinkers: 0 g of ethanol/day; light drinkers: &lt;28 g of ethanol/day for men and &lt;14 g of ethanol/day for women; and heavy drinkers: ≥28 g of ethanol/day for men and ≥14 g of ethanol/day for women]) and miRNAs. Stratified analyses also examined categories by sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, and body mass index. Overall, there were 52% non-drinkers, 37 % light drinkers, and 11 % were heavy drinkers. We did not detect an association of miRNAs with alcohol intake in continuous models after correcting for multiple comparisons. However, we did find an inverse association for light drinkers [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.59, p = 8.21E-04] and heavy drinkers (IRR = 0.44, p = 1.47E-03) compared to nondrinkers for miR-451a. Additionally, miR-320e (IRR = 0.63, p = 1.61E-03) had an inverse association with alcohol intake for light drinkers compared to nondrinkers. Subgroup analysis also suggested there were differences by subgroups, underscoring that miRNAs used to detect chronic diseases may be subgroup specific. When stratified by case-control status, we found that among controls both light and heavy drinkers were associated with miR-451a. We identified an association for light and heavy drinkers with miR-451a and mir-320e, miRNAs associated with cancers and liver diseases, in comparison to nondrinkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"124 ","pages":"Pages 105-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KCa2 channel positive modulation reduces alcohol drinking in female C57BL/6J mice","authors":"Kathy L. Lindquist,&nbsp;Audrey E. Padula,&nbsp;Natalie S. Katzenmeyer,&nbsp;Hannah N. Potts,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Rinker,&nbsp;Patrick J. Mulholland","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although men have historically exhibited higher levels of alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis, the gap between men and women has been diminishing quickly. Preclinical screening for pharmacological treatments for AUD has typically focused solely on males, ignoring the possibility that males and females may differ mechanistically for the same behavioral phenotype. To ensure the efficacy of treatment targets across the sexes, it is crucial to study the pharmacological effects of AUD treatments in males and females. While positive K_Ca2 channel modulation can reduce ethanol consumption and seeking behaviors, withdrawal-induced hyperexcitability, and negative affective behaviors in male rodents, the effect of K_Ca2 channel modulation on female ethanol consumption has not been reported. To determine the efficacy of K_Ca2 channel positive modulation in female C57BL/6J mice, we assessed the ability of the K_Ca2 channel positive modulator 1-EBIO to affect locomotor activity, voluntary home cage ethanol intake prior to and following chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure, and voluntary home cage sucrose drinking. There were no significant changes to distance traveled in an open field apparatus following administration of 1-EBIO in our locomotor assay. In ethanol drinking mice, 1-EBIO significantly reduced ethanol consumption in air controls and CIE exposed mice, without altering water consumption. While administration of 1-EBIO did not affect consumption of sucrose in male mice, 1-EBIO significantly increased sucrose intake in females. Together, these data provide further evidence that K_Ca2 channel positive modulation is a promising therapeutic target to reduce ethanol drinking in males and females alike.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"124 ","pages":"Pages 97-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of daridorexant on rest/wake activity patterns and drinking in adult rats exposed to chronic ethanol vapor in adolescence","authors":"L.R. Amodeo ,&nbsp;D.N. Wills ,&nbsp;J. Benedict ,&nbsp;C.L. Ehlers","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disturbance in sleep and activity rhythms are significant health risks associated with alcohol use during adolescence. Many investigators support the theory of a reciprocal relationship between disrupted circadian rhythms, sleep patterns, and alcohol usage. However, in human studies it is difficult to disentangle other factors (i.e. lifestyle, psychiatric, genetic) when determining what is causal in the relationship between substance use and sleep/activity disruptions. To this end, we used an animal model of adolescent alcohol exposure whereby male and female Wistar rats are exposed to 5 weeks of intermittent alcohol vapor during adolescence (P22-P57). Five days after ethanol vapor rats were allowed to select to drink alcohol or water in a two-bottle choice procedure for a period of 5 h, 4 days a week for 6 weeks. Activity data was collected using a “Fitbit-like” device during vapor exposure, during acute withdrawal, and after 3 weeks of protracted withdrawal. Significant changes in rest/wake activity and circadian measures were seen during 24-h withdrawal and after 3 weeks of withdrawal. Four weeks following withdrawal, the effects of the dual orexin antagonist, Daridorexant, (DAX 30 mg, 100 mg, or vehicle control), on alcohol drinking and rest and activity rhythms were assessed over a 24 h period. Both daridorexant doses led to changes in circadian measures and rest/wake activity patterns. These results showed that daridorexant reduced activity, but it did not improve rest quality as measured by the mean inactive episode duration and inactive fragmentation ratio. Additionally, we did not find a significant difference in drinking behavior in animals treated with the orexin antagonist. Thus, it appears that data from this animal model do not support the use of this drug to improve adolescent alcohol-induced sleep disturbance and/or to decrease alcohol drinking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"124 ","pages":"Pages 35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}