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Subjugation of hypothalamic NPY and cohorts with central leptin gene therapy alleviates dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity for life-time. 下丘脑NPY的抑制和中枢性瘦素基因治疗可以终生缓解血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗和肥胖。
EXS Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/3-7643-7417-9_12
Satya P Kalra, Pushpa S Kalra
{"title":"Subjugation of hypothalamic NPY and cohorts with central leptin gene therapy alleviates dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity for life-time.","authors":"Satya P Kalra,&nbsp;Pushpa S Kalra","doi":"10.1007/3-7643-7417-9_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7417-9_12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An interactive network comprised of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cohorts is obligatory in the hypothalamic integration of appetite and energy expenditure on a minute-to-minute basis. High or low abundance of NPY and cognate receptors dysregulates the homeostatic milieu engendering hyperphagia, decreased energy expenditure, obesity and attendant metabolic syndrome cluster of dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, risk factors for type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Increasing the supply of the endogenous repressor hormone leptin locally in the hypothalamus with the aid of leptin gene therapy, blocked age-related and dietary obesities, and the sequential development of dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Thus, sustained repression of NPY signaling with increased leptin selectively in the hypothalamus can avert environmental obesity and the risks of metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":77125,"journal":{"name":"EXS","volume":" 95","pages":"157-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/3-7643-7417-9_12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25775181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
NPY and bone. NPY和骨头。
EXS Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/3-7643-7417-9_13
Susan J Allison, Herbert Herzog
{"title":"NPY and bone.","authors":"Susan J Allison,&nbsp;Herbert Herzog","doi":"10.1007/3-7643-7417-9_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7417-9_13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77125,"journal":{"name":"EXS","volume":" 95","pages":"171-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/3-7643-7417-9_13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25775182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Function and dysfunction of monoamine interactions in children and adolescents with AD/HD. 儿童和青少年AD/HD中单胺相互作用的功能和功能障碍。
EXS Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_11
Robert D Oades
{"title":"Function and dysfunction of monoamine interactions in children and adolescents with AD/HD.","authors":"Robert D Oades","doi":"10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77125,"journal":{"name":"EXS","volume":"98 ","pages":"207-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26291404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Prepulse inhibition mechanisms and cognitive processes: a review and model. 脉冲前抑制机制与认知过程:综述与模型。
EXS Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_12
José Larrauri, Nestor Schmajuk
{"title":"Prepulse inhibition mechanisms and cognitive processes: a review and model.","authors":"José Larrauri,&nbsp;Nestor Schmajuk","doi":"10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77125,"journal":{"name":"EXS","volume":"98 ","pages":"245-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26291405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Effects of ionizing radiation on cellular structures, induced instability and carcinogenesis. 电离辐射对细胞结构、诱导不稳定性和致癌的影响。
EXS Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/3-7643-7378-4_12
Marianne Sowa, Benjamin J Arthurs, Brian J Estes, William F Morgan
{"title":"Effects of ionizing radiation on cellular structures, induced instability and carcinogenesis.","authors":"Marianne Sowa,&nbsp;Benjamin J Arthurs,&nbsp;Brian J Estes,&nbsp;William F Morgan","doi":"10.1007/3-7643-7378-4_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7378-4_12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ionizing radiation is perhaps the most extensively studied human carcinogen. There have been a number of epidemiological studies on human populations exposed to radiation for medical or occupational reasons, as a result of protracted environmental exposures due to radiation accidents, or after atomic bombings. As a result of these studies exposure to ionizing radiation has been unambiguously linked to cancer causation. While cancer induction is the primary concern and the most important somatic effect of exposure to ionizing radiation, potential health risks do not only involve neoplastic diseases but also somatic mutations that might contribute to birth defects and ocular maladies, and heritable mutations that might impact on disease risks in future generations. Consequantly it is important we understand the long-term health risks associated with exposure to ionizing radiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77125,"journal":{"name":"EXS","volume":" 96","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/3-7643-7378-4_12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25775068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Cholinergic, histaminergic, and noradrenergic regulation of LTP stability and induction threshold: cognitive implications. LTP稳定性和诱导阈值的胆碱能、组胺能和去甲肾上腺素能调节:认知意义。
EXS Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_9
Hans C Dringenberg, Min-Ching Kuo
{"title":"Cholinergic, histaminergic, and noradrenergic regulation of LTP stability and induction threshold: cognitive implications.","authors":"Hans C Dringenberg,&nbsp;Min-Ching Kuo","doi":"10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77125,"journal":{"name":"EXS","volume":"98 ","pages":"165-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26291402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Neuromodulators of LTP and NCAMs in the amygdala and hippocampus in response to stress. 杏仁核和海马体中LTP和ncam的神经调节剂在应激反应中的作用。
EXS Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_7
Adi Guterman, Gal Richter-Levin
{"title":"Neuromodulators of LTP and NCAMs in the amygdala and hippocampus in response to stress.","authors":"Adi Guterman,&nbsp;Gal Richter-Levin","doi":"10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Possibly, at the onset of an emotional event the stress hormones permissively mediate plasticity. Specifically, CORT and NE stress hormones participate in modulation of memory consolidation processes in both the amygdala and the hippocampus. In addition, glucocorticoids and norepinephrin bound to adrenoceptors are also involved in modulating the regulation of NCAM polysialylation both in the amygdala and in the hippocampus. PSA-related synaptic remodeling is mobilized for memory formation in particularly challenging circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":77125,"journal":{"name":"EXS","volume":"98 ","pages":"137-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-7643-7772-4_7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26291400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
NPY in alcoholism and psychiatric disorders. NPY在酗酒和精神疾病中的作用
EXS Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/3-7643-7417-9_14
Annika Thorsell, Rose-Marie Karlsson, Markus Heilig
{"title":"NPY in alcoholism and psychiatric disorders.","authors":"Annika Thorsell,&nbsp;Rose-Marie Karlsson,&nbsp;Markus Heilig","doi":"10.1007/3-7643-7417-9_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7417-9_14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77125,"journal":{"name":"EXS","volume":" 95","pages":"183-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/3-7643-7417-9_14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25775183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Signal transduction in angiogenesis. 血管生成中的信号转导。
EXS Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/3-7643-7311-3_18
Ian Zachary
{"title":"Signal transduction in angiogenesis.","authors":"Ian Zachary","doi":"10.1007/3-7643-7311-3_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7311-3_18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77125,"journal":{"name":"EXS","volume":" 94","pages":"267-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/3-7643-7311-3_18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24875937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
How do endothelial cells orientate? 内皮细胞如何定向?
EXS Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/3-7643-7311-3_1
Holger Gerhardt, Christer Betsholtz
{"title":"How do endothelial cells orientate?","authors":"Holger Gerhardt,&nbsp;Christer Betsholtz","doi":"10.1007/3-7643-7311-3_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7311-3_1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In sprouting angiogenesis, endothelial cells must orientate in the tissue environment in order to effectively invade tissues and form vascular patterns according to the local needs. Here, we review recent data indicating that sprouting angiogenesis is a guided process resembling axonal guidance and insect trachea formation. Angiogenesis requires functional specialization of endothelial cells within the sprout. Cells situated at the tip of the sprouts sense and navigate the environment using long filopodia, whereas cells in the sprout stalks proliferate and form a vascular lumen. Migration of the tip cells depends on a graded distribution of VEGF-A and activation of VEGFR2 located on the tip-cell filopodia. Proliferation in the stalk is concomitantly regulated by the local VEGF-A levels. Thus, the shape of the VEGF-A gradient controls the balance between tip cell migration and stalk cell proliferation, which in turn determines the initial vascular pattern. An imbalance between the two processes may explain why abnormal vascular patterns develop in pathological angiogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77125,"journal":{"name":"EXS","volume":" 94","pages":"3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/3-7643-7311-3_1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24876628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 119
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