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Developments in ophthalmology最新文献

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Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Myopia, Infection and Inflammation. 继发于近视、感染和炎症的脉络膜新生血管。
Developments in ophthalmology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1159/000431194
Marissa L Weber, Jeffrey S Heier
{"title":"Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Myopia, Infection and Inflammation.","authors":"Marissa L Weber,&nbsp;Jeffrey S Heier","doi":"10.1159/000431194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000431194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a significant cause of vision loss in all age groups. The most common cause of CNV is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, CNV can also occur as a secondary manifestation of various inherited and acquired conditions, including pathologic myopia, presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, angioid streaks, and various hereditary, traumatic or inflammatory disorders. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography are useful tools in the diagnosis and evaluation of CNV. Treatment options are similar to those for CNV secondary to AMD, specifically anti-angiogenic therapy, but including laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy and surgery. Anti-angiogenic therapy has been associated with better visual outcomes than other treatment modalities and is now advocated as the first-line therapy for CNV secondary to myopia, infection and inflammation. </p>","PeriodicalId":77107,"journal":{"name":"Developments in ophthalmology","volume":"55 ","pages":"167-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000431194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34118197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Value-Based Medicine and Pharmacoeconomics. 基于价值的医学和药物经济学。
Developments in ophthalmology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1159/000431205
Gary C Brown, Melissa M Brown
{"title":"Value-Based Medicine and Pharmacoeconomics.","authors":"Gary C Brown,&nbsp;Melissa M Brown","doi":"10.1159/000431205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000431205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacoeconomics is assuming increasing importance in the pharmaceutical field since it is entering the public policy arena in many countries. Among the variants of pharmacoeconomic analysis are cost-minimization, cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses. The latter is the most versatile and sophisticated in that it integrates the patient benefit (patient value) conferred by a drug in terms of improvement in length and/or quality of life. It also incorporates the costs expended for that benefit, as well as the dollars returned to patients and society from the use of a drug (financial value). Unfortunately, one cost-utility analysis in the literature is generally not comparable to another because of the lack of standardized formats and standardized input variables (costs, cost perspective, quality-of-life measurement instruments, quality-of-life respondents, discounting and so forth). Thus, millions of variants can be used. Value-based medicine® (VBM) cost-utility analysis standardizes these variants so that one VBM analysis is comparable to another. This system provides a highly rational methodology that allows providers and patients to quantify and compare the patient value and financial value gains associated with the use of pharmaceutical agents for example.</p>","PeriodicalId":77107,"journal":{"name":"Developments in ophthalmology","volume":"55 ","pages":"381-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000431205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34118375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies and Fragments: Ranibizumab. 治疗性单克隆抗体和片段:雷尼单抗。
Developments in ophthalmology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1159/000431200
Adiel G Smith, Peter K Kaiser
{"title":"Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies and Fragments: Ranibizumab.","authors":"Adiel G Smith,&nbsp;Peter K Kaiser","doi":"10.1159/000431200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000431200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ranibizumab is a recombinant, humanized, affinity-matured, monoclonal antibody Fab fragment against all isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, which was developed specifically for intraocular use. Ranibizumab has been extensively investigated in clinical trials on choroidal neovascularization from wet age-related macular degeneration and pathologic myopia, as well as macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. Numerous randomized, controlled clinical trials have shown this medication to be effective in improving both vision as well as anatomical outcomes, and the medication has repeatedly shown to have an acceptable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":77107,"journal":{"name":"Developments in ophthalmology","volume":"55 ","pages":"246-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000431200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34184498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Photosensitizers and Photodynamic Therapy: Verteporfin. 光敏剂和光动力疗法:维替波芬。
Developments in ophthalmology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1159/000434704
Maurizio Battaglia Parodi, Carlo La Spina, Luigi Berchicci, Giuseppe Petruzzi, Francesco Bandello
{"title":"Photosensitizers and Photodynamic Therapy: Verteporfin.","authors":"Maurizio Battaglia Parodi,&nbsp;Carlo La Spina,&nbsp;Luigi Berchicci,&nbsp;Giuseppe Petruzzi,&nbsp;Francesco Bandello","doi":"10.1159/000434704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000434704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a phototherapy in which a photosensitive dye is injected into a peripheral vein and activated by light in order to occlude choroidal vessels or change their permeability. PDT has been largely applied in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), especially CNV related to age-related macular degeneration, but was also of benefit in other diseases, including central serous chorioretinopathy and choroidal hemangioma. </p>","PeriodicalId":77107,"journal":{"name":"Developments in ophthalmology","volume":"55 ","pages":"330-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000434704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34184507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Complement Activation and Inhibition in Retinal Diseases. 视网膜疾病中的补体激活和抑制。
Developments in ophthalmology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1159/000431141
Mark E Kleinman, Jayakrishna Ambati
{"title":"Complement Activation and Inhibition in Retinal Diseases.","authors":"Mark E Kleinman,&nbsp;Jayakrishna Ambati","doi":"10.1159/000431141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000431141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Within the past several decades, a brigade of dedicated researchers from around the world has provided essential insights into the critical niche of immune-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Yet, the question has lingered as to whether disease-initiating events are more or less dependent on isolated immune-related responses, unimpeded inflammation, endogenous pathways of age-related cell senescence and oxidative stress, or any of the other numerous molecular derangements that have been identified in the natural history of AMD. There is now an abundant cache of data signifying immune system activation as an impetus in the pathogenesis of this devastating condition. Furthermore, recent rigorous investigations have revealed multiple inciting factors, including several important complement-activating components, thus creating a new array of disease-modulating targets for the research and development of molecular therapeutic interventions. While the precise in vivo effects of complement activation and inhibition in the progression and treatment of AMD remain to be determined, ongoing clinical trials of the first generation of complement-targeted therapeutics are hoped to yield critical data on the contribution of this pathway to the disease process.</p>","PeriodicalId":77107,"journal":{"name":"Developments in ophthalmology","volume":"55 ","pages":"46-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000431141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34184719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Chemotherapy for Malignant Intraocular Tumors. 恶性眼内肿瘤的化疗。
Developments in ophthalmology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1159/000438958
Chirag P Shah, Carol L Shields, Jerry A Shields
{"title":"Chemotherapy for Malignant Intraocular Tumors.","authors":"Chirag P Shah,&nbsp;Carol L Shields,&nbsp;Jerry A Shields","doi":"10.1159/000438958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000438958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemotherapeutic approaches, including chemoreduction (CRD), chemothermotherapy, as well as periocular, intravitreal, and intra-arterial chemotherapy, are effective tools in managing different types of ocular tumors. Treatments are often individualized to patient and tumor types to yield best possible outcomes. Due to space limitations, this chapter will focus on CRD and intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma. </p>","PeriodicalId":77107,"journal":{"name":"Developments in ophthalmology","volume":"55 ","pages":"337-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000438958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34185268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Treatment for Macular Telangiectasia Type 2. 2型黄斑毛细血管扩张症的治疗。
Developments in ophthalmology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1159/000431263
Peter Charbel Issa, Elke H Kupitz, Tjebo F C Heeren, Frank G Holz
{"title":"Treatment for Macular Telangiectasia Type 2.","authors":"Peter Charbel Issa,&nbsp;Elke H Kupitz,&nbsp;Tjebo F C Heeren,&nbsp;Frank G Holz","doi":"10.1159/000431263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000431263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macular telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2 is a bilateral disease of unknown cause with localized retinal degeneration and characteristic changes of the retinal vasculature. Funduscopic findings include reduced retinal transparency, crystalline deposits, ectatic capillaries, blunted venules, retinal pigment plaques, foveal atrophy and neovascular complexes. Leakage of telangiectatic macular capillaries is a characteristic finding on fluorescein angiography, and neurosensory atrophy may be present on optical coherence tomography images. Furthermore, there is a specific depletion of macular pigment in the central retina. Depending on the development of neovascular membranes, a nonproliferative and a proliferative (neovascular) disease stage may be distinguished. To date, there is no evidence for an effective treatment of nonproliferative MacTel type 2. Patients with proliferative MacTel type 2 and hence decreasing visual function may benefit from intravitreal application of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. Early treatment and a small size of the neovascular membrane might be predictive factors for visual function outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":77107,"journal":{"name":"Developments in ophthalmology","volume":"55 ","pages":"189-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000431263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34185287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Inhibitors: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Ocular Neovascularization. 血小板衍生生长因子抑制剂:一种治疗眼部新生血管的潜在方法。
Developments in ophthalmology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1159/000438953
Mohammad Ali Sadiq, Mostafa Hanout, Salman Sarwar, Muhammad Hassan, Aniruddha Agarwal, Yasir Jamal Sepah, Diana V Do, Quan Dong Nguyen
{"title":"Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Inhibitors: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Ocular Neovascularization.","authors":"Mohammad Ali Sadiq,&nbsp;Mostafa Hanout,&nbsp;Salman Sarwar,&nbsp;Muhammad Hassan,&nbsp;Aniruddha Agarwal,&nbsp;Yasir Jamal Sepah,&nbsp;Diana V Do,&nbsp;Quan Dong Nguyen","doi":"10.1159/000438953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000438953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinochoroidal vascular diseases are the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. They include diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and pathological myopia, among many others. Several different therapies are currently under consideration for the aforementioned disorders. In the following section, agents targeting platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) are discussed as a potential therapeutic option for retinochoroidal vascular diseases. PDGF play an important role in the angiogenesis cascade that is activated in retinochoroidal vascular diseases. The mechanism of action, side effects, efficacy, and the potential synergistic role of these agents in combination with other treatment options is discussed. The future of treatment of retinochoroidal vascular diseases, particularly neovascular AMD, has become more exciting due to agents like PDGF antagonists.</p>","PeriodicalId":77107,"journal":{"name":"Developments in ophthalmology","volume":"55 ","pages":"310-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000438953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34288549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Use of Vital Dyes during Vitreoretinal Surgery - Chromovitrectomy. 生命色素在玻璃体视网膜手术中的应用。
Developments in ophthalmology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1159/000438963
Michel Eid Farah, Maurício Maia, Fernando M Penha, Eduardo Büchele Rodrigues
{"title":"The Use of Vital Dyes during Vitreoretinal Surgery - Chromovitrectomy.","authors":"Michel Eid Farah,&nbsp;Maurício Maia,&nbsp;Fernando M Penha,&nbsp;Eduardo Büchele Rodrigues","doi":"10.1159/000438963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000438963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this article is to present the current data with regard to the application of vital dyes during vitreoretinal surgery, 'chromovitrectomy', as well as to overview the current literature regarding the properties of dyes, techniques of application, indications and complications in chromovitrectomy. It is well known that indocyanine green is toxic to the retina and consequently not the ideal dye for chromovitrectomy. Different vital dyes has been tested for chromovitrectomy including trypan blue, patent blue, triamcinolone acetonide, infracyanine green, sodium fluorescein and brilliant blue. Brilliant blue seems to be the ideal dye for internal limiting membrane due to its afinity, lower toxic profile and to reduce the appearance of apoptosis. Besides the dye itself, the injection technique is crucial to avoid additional toxicity, slow injection, far from the retina and protection of the macular hole are some tips. More recently the use of dyes has been applied to stain perfluorcarbon liquids that may enhance its visualization during vitrectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":77107,"journal":{"name":"Developments in ophthalmology","volume":"55 ","pages":"365-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000438963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34287602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Immunomodulatory Therapy in Uveitis. 葡萄膜炎的免疫调节治疗。
Developments in ophthalmology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-10-26 DOI: 10.1159/000431202
Oren Tomkins-Netzer, Lazha Talat, Filis Ismetova, Ahmed Samy, Susan Lightman
{"title":"Immunomodulatory Therapy in Uveitis.","authors":"Oren Tomkins-Netzer,&nbsp;Lazha Talat,&nbsp;Filis Ismetova,&nbsp;Ahmed Samy,&nbsp;Susan Lightman","doi":"10.1159/000431202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000431202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corticosteroids are the cornerstone of treating intraocular inflammation, but may be inadequate in controlling the disease, or related side effects preclude long-term treatment. Additional immunosuppressive drugs are used in these cases to augment the effect of corticosteroids and allow for their reduction to safe levels while maintaining control of the ocular inflammation. Here we review the different classes of immunosuppressive drugs and discuss their effect on ocular inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77107,"journal":{"name":"Developments in ophthalmology","volume":"55 ","pages":"265-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000431202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34116109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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