Current topics in medical mycology最新文献_第8页

Animal models for candidiasis. 念珠菌病的动物模型。

Current topics in medical mycology Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_3

M N Guentzel, G T Cole, L M Pope

引用次数: 25

Characterization of protein and mannan polysaccharide antigens of yeasts, moulds, and actinomycetes. 酵母、霉菌和放线菌蛋白质和甘露聚糖抗原的表征。

Current topics in medical mycology Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_7

E Reiss, M Huppert, R Cherniak

{"title":"Characterization of protein and mannan polysaccharide antigens of yeasts, moulds, and actinomycetes.","authors":"E Reiss, M Huppert, R Cherniak","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_7","url":null,"abstract":"Antigens in coccidioidin were compared with purified subfractions via tandem immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and by a combination of advancing line and crossed IEP. Rocket IEP was suitable for titrating the reactions and showing the relationship between column fractions. These techniques required multicomponent antisera produced by hyperimmunization over many months and by the use of known standard migration pairs. The IEP variations were used to chart the development of antisera against coccidioidin factors, to monitor antigen purifications, and to test the immunochemical homogeneity of an isolated antigen. Mannose-based heteroglycans of Cryptococcus neoformans were recovered from the culture filtrate. After precipitation of the major viscous glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) with ethanol or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the supernate is reserved because it contains a galactoxylomannan (GalXM). After removal of glucuronic acid from the GXM, the resulting xylomannan of serotype A was amenable to 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry; it revealed nonreducing xylose, alpha-1,3-mannose, and alpha-1,2/1,3 disubstituted mannose, thus confirming by an independent means what was previously known. The characterization sequence of GalXM included: (1) gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of neutral sugars as peracetylated aldononitriles; (2) methylation-fragmentation GLC mass spectrometry to determine the glycosidic linkages; and (3) 13C-NMR showing similarities to mannan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Affinity chromatography of the GalXM on concanavalin A separated the galactoxylo component from an adsorbed mannoprotein. Selection of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) relies on presumptive enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) or radioimmunoassays for rapid screening of clones and for determination of isotypes; however, higher resolution confirmatory tests are needed to obtain MAbs of desired specificity. MAbs against Candida tropicalis mannan were labeled with horseradish peroxidase to use for detecting mannan in serum. MAbs against the partially purified \"m\" factor of histoplasmin were characterized by the enzyme-linked immunoelectro-transfer blot technique (EITB), revealing unsuspected complexity in the antigen. Secreted proteins of Nocardia asteroides were isoelectrically focused; three proteins, identified by EITB as promising to be specific for that actinomycete, were cut out of gels and used to immunize mice for production of MAbs. The fimbriae of Actinomyces viscosus and A. naeslundii that mediate lactose-reversible coagglutination with Streptococcus sanguis have been used to evoke MAbs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"1 ","pages":"172-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15032618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Killer yeasts. 杀手酵母。

Current topics in medical mycology Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_11

R B Wickner

引用次数: 78

Biotyping of medically important fungi. 医学上重要真菌的生物分型。

Current topics in medical mycology Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_6

F C Odds

引用次数: 28

The changing epidemiology and emerging patterns of dermatophyte species. 皮肤真菌种类的流行病学变化和新模式。

Current topics in medical mycology Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_8

J W Rippon

{"title":"The changing epidemiology and emerging patterns of dermatophyte species.","authors":"J W Rippon","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_8","url":null,"abstract":"The anthropophilic agents of tinea capitis are being eradicated from their historic areas in developed and developing nations. The one exception is T. tonsurans in the United States and Canada. In these nations, the infections are increasing among black children, probably because of hair style and hygiene habits. Elsewhere in the world, M. canis has become or is becoming the dominant agent of tinea capitis. Tinea corporis reflects either the dominant agent of tinea capitis or the sphere of T. rubrum. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common agent worldwide of crural and pedal disease and often tinea corporis. The other anthropophilic species, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and E. floccosum, are also firmly established, but as a distant second and third. These five species account for most ringworm worldwide. Other species are of lowlevel infection, are rare, are locally endemic, or--in the case of some anthropophiles--are dying out. The only evidence of active evolution among the dermatophytes is seen in M. canis and T. mentagrophytes. In both, host-specific strains have emerged and will probably separate as species. This probably has happened already in the case of the variety interdigitale of T. mentagrophytes.","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"1 ","pages":"208-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15032619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 140

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: cell wall glucans, pathogenicity, and dimorphism. 巴西副球虫:细胞壁葡聚糖、致病性和二态性。

Current topics in medical mycology Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_9

G San-Blas

引用次数: 34

Composition and structure of yeast cell walls. 酵母细胞壁的组成和结构。

Current topics in medical mycology Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_2

G H Fleet

引用次数: 46

The role of zinc in Candida dimorphism. 锌在念珠菌二态性中的作用。

Current topics in medical mycology Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_10

D R Soll

{"title":"The role of zinc in Candida dimorphism.","authors":"D R Soll","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_10","url":null,"abstract":"By analyzing the effects of zinc on growth and dimorphism, it has become clear that there exists at least two modes, or \"pathways,\" of mycelium formation in C. albicans (7). Paradoxically, even though the characteristics for the two modes appear to be opposite in nature, the mycelium that form appear to be superficially similar. Unfortunately, it may be difficult to compare the two modes unambiguously at the molecular level for two reasons. First, the physiology of cells resuming growth after release from stationary phase will undoubtedly differ drastically from the physiology of cells exiting from the growth cycle, regardless of phenotype. Therefore, most molecular or physiologic differences probably will represent differences in growth rate or position in the cell cycle, rather than alternate molecular mechanisms that are basic to the alternate modes of mycelium formation. Second, it has been observed that during release from stationary phase, a prescribed program of gene expression accompanies commitment to the mycelial and budding forms (11). This program was demonstrable because of the excellent synchrony and homogeneity of released cultures (60), which is a characteristic lacking in cultures entering stationary phase in the M10 mode. Even so, a comparison at the molecular level between the two modes of mycelium formation should be undertaken with the above reservations in mind. Perhaps the most attractive aspect of alternate modes of mycelium formation in Candida is at the genetic level of analysis. The hypothesis of homozygosis in the expression of the M10 phenotype is testable, as is the possible role of the M10 phenotype in tissue penetration. If the hypothesis is true and if the M10 phenotype predominates in infected tissue, it would represent a new mechanism of opportunism in infectious fungi that may be used by other systems as well as Candida. If it is not true, a detailed analysis of the differences between the two modes of mycelium formation will still be valuable in our understanding of both the mechanisms regulating phenotypic transitions in Candida and the more general question of cell divergence in developing systems.","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"1 ","pages":"258-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15029501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Pathology of the mycoses in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者真菌病的病理分析。

Current topics in medical mycology Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_1

F W Chandler

引用次数: 64

Biochemical targets for antifungal azole derivatives: hypothesis on the mode of action. 抗真菌唑类衍生物的生化靶点:作用方式的假设。

Current topics in medical mycology Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_12

H Vanden Bossche

{"title":"Biochemical targets for antifungal azole derivatives: hypothesis on the mode of action.","authors":"H Vanden Bossche","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_12","url":null,"abstract":"The selective interaction of low concentrations of azole derivatives and other nitrogen heterocycles with cytochrome P-450 may be at the origin of the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. From the depletion of ergosterol and the concomitant accumulation of 14 alpha-methylsterols, alterations in membrane functions, the synthesis and activity of membrane-bound enzymes, mitochondrial activities, and an uncoordinated activation of chitin synthase may result. Since chitin synthesis is more important in the hyphal form than in the budding form of C. albicans, the uncoordinated activation of chitin synthesis may be more trouble for the hyphal growth than for yeast budding. The assumption is made that from this difference the greater sensitivity of hyphal growth to azole antifungal agents may originate. It is also assumed that the higher degree of lipid unsaturation may be related to an inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. The inhibition of fatty acid desaturation and elongation induced by higher doses of miconazole and ketoconazole and the longer contact times might be related to interference with membrane fluidity, or it might due to chelation of the iron used in the oxidation reduction sequence during desaturation. The decreased availability of ergosterol and the accumulation of 14 alpha-methylsterols also may provide the environment needed to inactivate membrane-bound enzymes; e.g., cytochrome c peroxidase. However, it is still too speculative to correlate effects on membrane components with miconazole-induced changes in properties of all oxidases; e.g., the NADH-dependent, cyanide-insensitive oxidase. The accumulation of toxic concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, resulting from an increased NADH-oxidase activity and disappearance of the peroxidase and catalase activity, may contribute to the degeneration of subcellular structures. The complete disappearance of catalase observed at concentrations of miconazole greater than or equal to 10(-5) M may originate from direct effects on the cell. At these high concentrations reached only by topical application, direct membrane damage resulting from interaction of miconazole with lipids was observed. These direct interactions result in an inhibition of membrane-bound enzyme and mitochondrial activities and in leakage of intracellular components. The direct interactions were much less pronounced in cells treated with ketoconazole. This correlates with the smaller area occupied in the membrane per ketoconazole molecule (30 A2), compared with that occupied in the membrane per miconazole molecule (90 A2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":77092,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medical mycology","volume":"1 ","pages":"313-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-1-4613-9547-8_12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15029503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 239