Bone and mineral最新文献

{"title":"Lumbar vertebral and femoral neck bone mineral density are higher in postmenopausal women with the α2HS-glycoprotein 2 phenotype","authors":"Ian R. Dickson ,&nbsp;Rhian Gwilliam ,&nbsp;Mary Arora ,&nbsp;Sean Murphy ,&nbsp;Kay-Tee Khaw ,&nbsp;Christopher Phillips ,&nbsp;Patrick Lincoln","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80135-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80135-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>α</em>₂HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) is a plasma protein which becomes concentrated in the organic matrix of bone. The two most common alleles, AHSG^*1 and AHSG^*2, give rise to three common phenotypes. A recent report showed that a group of postmenopausal white North American women with different AHSG phenotypes differed significantly with respect to their oestrogen status. We have studied variations in bone mineral density, measured by DEXA, and levels of sex hormones and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in a group of 88 post-menopausal women unselected as to their health status. Lumbar vertebral and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), and the free oestradiol index were all significantly higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in women with the AHSG 2 phenotype. Values of these three parameters were lowest in the AHSG 1 phenotype and intermediate in the AHSG 2−1 phenotype. Because the differences in BMD between the AHSG 2 and 1 phenotypes represent at least a 40% difference in fracture risk, the AHSG phenotype may be of some clinical relevance as a risk factor for osteoporosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"24 3","pages":"Pages 181-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80135-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19013337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calendar of forthcoming events","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80142-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80142-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"24 3","pages":"Pages 257-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80142-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137159989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in macrophages: the presence of functional receptors and effects on proliferation and differentiation into osteoclast-like cells","authors":"Ichiro Owan,&nbsp;Kunio Ibaraki","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80152-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80152-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It has been shown that both calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and amylin bind weakly to calcitonin (CT) receptors in osteoclast-like cells formed in vitro and inhibit bone resorption by a cAMP-dependent mechanism. Osteoclasts are thought to be derived from cells of the monocyte macrophage lineage, in which CGRP, but not CT, induces cAMP production. In this study, we determined the presence of functional receptors for CGRP in mouse alveolar macrophages and the effects of this peptide on proliferation and osteoclastic differentiation in mouse alveolar and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Human CT did not stimulate cAMP production in macrophages. Human CGRP stimulated cAMP production in mouse alveolar macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages dose-dependently. Human amylin, which has 43% homology with human CGRP, also stimulated these macrophages to produce cAMP, but only at a 100-fold higher concentration. The increment in cAMP production induced by human CGRP and amylin was abolished by the addition of human CGRP(8–37), a selective antagonist for CGRP receptors. Specific binding of [¹²⁵I]human CGRP to alveolar macrophages was detected (dissociation constant, 2.5 × 10⁻⁸ M; binding sites, 1.4 × 10⁴/cell). Amylin, but not CT, displaced the bound [¹²⁵I]human CGRP from alveolar macrophages, but at a 100-fold higher concentration. No specific binding of [¹²⁵I]human CT and [¹²⁵I]human amylin to alveolar macrophages could be detected. Pretreatment with human CGRP for 24 h dose-dependently suppressed DNA synthesis in alveolar macrophages induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). CGRP also suppressed the number of macrophage colonies formed from bone marrow cells induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Pre-treatment of alveolar macrophages with CGRP inhibited differentiation into osteoclast-like cells in co-cultures with primary osteoblastic cells in the presence of 1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D₃. These results indicate that specific receptors for CGRP are present in macrophages and that CGRP modulates proliferation and differentiation of macrophages into osteoclast-like cells by a receptor-mediated mechanism involving cAMP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"24 2","pages":"Pages 151-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80152-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19189351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Familial comparison of bone mineral density at the proximal femur and lumbar spine","authors":"H.A. McKay ,&nbsp;D.A. Bailey ,&nbsp;A.A. Wilkinson ,&nbsp;C.S. Houston","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80148-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80148-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Familial resemblance of bone mineral density (BMD) was studied in the lumbar spine and three regions of the proximal femur in 41 biological mother-daughter (M-D), 42 mother-son (M-S), 24 mother-grandmother (M-G) pairs and 18 mother-grandmother-daughter (M-G-D) triads. Children were placed into three maturity categories based on an assessment of secondary sex characteristics and growth velocities. Two sets of standardized BMD <em>Z</em>-scores were derived for the children based on either their chronological age or their maturational status. These scores were compared with maternal <em>Z</em>-scores derived from age-specific norms. Similar comparisons were made between the <em>Z</em>-scores of the mothers and grandmothers. For all three regions of the proximal femur and for the total AP lumbar spine the correlations between <em>Z</em>-score values were similar and significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) between the M-G and M-D pairs ranging from 0.41 to 0.57. In general, the familial correlations improved when maturity-status based <em>Z</em>-scores were used for comparison. The absolute BMD values measured in the grandmothers and the three maturity groups of the children — expressed as a percentage of the BMD of the mothers — showed that at the neck and the trochanteric regions of the proximal femur the late-pubescent girls and boys had a significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) greater bone density than their mothers (115–123%), whereas at the AP spine these groups averaged only 88% of their mothers BMD. This site differential was not apparent when comparing the post-menopausal grandmothers with the pre-menopausal mothers (80% at both sites). Three generation comparisons demonstrated a strong familial resemblance in bone mineral density. The value of incorporating maturity-based versus chronological-based parameters for comparison with adult measures in studies that involve growing children at different stages of development was also demonstrated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"24 2","pages":"Pages 95-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80148-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19189353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An association between osteoporosis and premenstrual symptoms and postmenopausal symptoms","authors":"S.J. Lee ,&nbsp;J.A. Kanis","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80150-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80150-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the relationship of premenstrual and postmenopausal symptoms with vertebral osteoporosis by means of a retrospective case control questionnaire in patients with vertebral osteoporosis and control patients. Seventy-five postmenopausal women aged 55–70 years with vertebral osteoporosis and 77 age-matched controls were interviewed at the outpatient clinics of the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK to establish the past history of premenstrual symptoms, and present and past history of postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms. The risk of vertebral osteoporosis was significantly greater in women with a history of premenstrual symptoms (RR = 1.86) or oligomenorrhoea (RR = 3.08). Significantly more patients with osteoporosis than controls recalled vasomotor symptoms at the time of the menopause (RR = 1.35). Patients were more likely than controls to describe their symptoms as severe (RR = 1.43) or persistent (RR = 2.19). We conclude that the relative risk of vertebral osteoporosis is increased in women with a history of premenstrual symptoms, irregular periods, and with severe and/or persistent menopausal vasomotor symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"24 2","pages":"Pages 127-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80150-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19189349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous production of tumor necrosis factor by primary cultures of murine calvarial cells: influence on IL-6 production and osteoclast development","authors":"Giovanni Passeri,&nbsp;Giuseppe Girasole,&nbsp;Stavros C. Manolagas,&nbsp;Robert L. Jilka","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80149-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80149-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have previously shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) acted synergistically to stimulate the production of IL-6 by bone marrow stromal and osteoblastic cells; and that an antibody to IL-6 inhibited TNF-induced osteoclast development in murine calvarial cell cultures. Prompted by this evidence, we have now examined whether TNF and/or IL-1 are produced by murine calvarial cells, and whether these cytokines are involved in IL-6 production and osteoclast formation. When cultured under basal conditions, calvarial cells produced TNF and IL-6, and were able to form bone resorbing osteoclasts. A neutralizing antibody against TNF suppressed both basal IL-6 production and the formation of bone resorbing osteoclasts. The anti-TNF antibody also inhibited IL-6 production in response to exogenous IL-1 or parathyroid hormone (PTH). In contrast, a neutralizing anti-IL-1 receptor antibody had no effect on basal, TNF- or PTH-stimulated IL-6 production. These findings suggest that TNF, but not IL-1, is produced by murine bone cells and that endogenous TNF induces the IL-6 production, osteoclast formation, and bone resorption exhibited by these cultures under basal conditions. Furthermore, bone cell-derived TNF amplifies the stimulatory effect of exogenous IL-1 or PTH on IL-6 production by calvarial cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"24 2","pages":"Pages 109-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80149-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19189348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calendar of forthcoming events","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80154-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80154-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"24 2","pages":"Pages 167-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80154-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137281955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The long-term effect of ovariectomy on the quality and quantity of cancellous bone in young macaques","authors":"K. Lundon,&nbsp;M. Dumitriu,&nbsp;M. Grynpas","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80151-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80151-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of ovariectomy on the quality and quantity of cancellous bone using the young cynomolgus monkey was evaluated after a 2-year period. The bodies of the second lumbar vertebrae were analyzed for changes in bone mineral quality using density fractionation, chemical analysis, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Changes in bone tissue quality and quantity were evaluated using bone histomorphometry and image analysis. The experimental group (<em>n</em>=14) was made surgically menopausal (bilaterally ovariectomized), compared with intact controls (<em>n</em>=16), and then sacrificed after a 2-year period. There was a non-significant shift in the mineralization profile towards less dense bone in the ovariectomized (OVX) vertebrae compared with controls. Physical characteristics of the bone mineral in terms of crystal size or strain were unaffected by OVX. There was a parallel increase in mineral content with fractions of increasing density, however there was no difference in mineral content or the Ca/P ratio in each fraction between treatment groups. Histomorphometric analysis for structural parameters demonstrated no difference in bone volume between control and OVX groups. There was no significant change in trabecular width in the OVX vertebrae compared with controls. There was a significant increase in both osteoid volume and osteoid surface in the OVX vertebrae (<em>P</em>&lt;0.001). Trabecular architecture as measured by image analysis was unchanged. There was a significant increase in eroded surface in the OVX vertebrae (<em>P</em>&lt;0.03) compared with the controls. In conclusion, young, ovariectomized female cynomolgus macaques do not appear to be a useful animal model for the study of postmenopausal bone loss, however they may be a useful model to evaluate skeletal pathology which might be observed after surgical ovariectomy in young human females.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"24 2","pages":"Pages 135-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80151-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19189350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of bone remodeling using biochemical indicators of type I collagen synthesis and degradation: relation to calcium kinetics","authors":"Peder Charles ,&nbsp;Leif Mosekilde ,&nbsp;Leila Risteli ,&nbsp;Juha Risteli ,&nbsp;Erik Fink Eriksen","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80147-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80147-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we investigated the relation between calcium kinetic indices of bone remodeling (resorption rate, <em>r</em>; and formation rate, <em>m</em>, respectively) and two serum markers of type I collagen turnover: the pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide domains of type I collagen (<em>S</em>-ICTP a marker of bone matrix degradation) and the carboxyterminal propeptide of human type I procollagen (<em>S</em>-PICP, a marker of bone matrix formation). We studied three groups: (i) healthy controls (<em>n</em> = 19), (ii) a mixed group of high and low-turnover bone diseases without mineralization defects (myxedema, thyrotoxicosis and primary hyperparathyroidism <em>n</em> = 38), and (iii) osteoporosis (<em>n</em> = 52). In healthy controls, a significant regression of <em>S</em>-PICP on <em>m</em> was obtained (<em>R</em> = 0.53, SEE/Y = 0.44, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.02). Significant regressions were also demonstrable in high- and low-turnover bone disease (<em>R</em> = 0.50, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), SEE/Y = 61%) and osteoporosis (<em>R</em> = 0.49, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, SEE/Y = 50%). In controls the regression coefficient for the regression of <em>S</em>-ICTP on <em>r</em> was 0.19 (NS), in high and low turnover bone disease 0.66, (SEE/Y = 59%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and in the osteoporotic group 0.40 (SEE/Y = 61%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). We conclude that <em>S</em>-PICP and <em>S</em>-ICTP reflect whole skeletal bone formation and resorption rates in a variety of metabolic bone diseases including osteoporosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"24 2","pages":"Pages 81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80147-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19189352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The receptor, metabolism and effects of androgen in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells","authors":"Yoichiro Nakano ,&nbsp;Isao Morimoto ,&nbsp;Osamu Ishida ,&nbsp;Takashi Fujihira ,&nbsp;Atsushi Mizokami ,&nbsp;Akihide Tanimoto ,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Yanagihara ,&nbsp;Futoshi Izumi ,&nbsp;Sumiya Eto","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80173-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80173-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated the androgen receptor (AR), metabolism and effects of androgens in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. AR was proved as a transcript of a 10-kb mRNA and as a 110-kDa protein. An immunocytochemical study showed that AR was located mainly in the nuclei. Specific binding of [³H]DHT was observed in both the nuclear and cytosol fractions. MC3T3-E1 cells possessed approximately 1190 binding sites per cell and most of the sites (1150 sites) situated in the nucleus. The apparent <em>K</em>_d value in the nuclear fraction was 1.35 nM for [³H]DHT binding, and it was similar to that for [³H]testosterone. In the competition analysis, there was not much difference in the displacement of the [³H]DHT binding from AR between the addition of radioinert DHT and testosterone. In studies of 5α-reductase activity and aromatase activity of the cells, both activities were lower than the respective values in classical androgen target tissues. Androgens stimulated the incorporation of [³H]thymidine into the cell, and DHT and testosterone had a similar potency on the cell proliferation. Thus, these results suggest testosterone itself acts mainly on the osteoblasts without conversion to DHT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 245-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80173-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18818420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}