Bone and mineral最新文献

{"title":"Interleukin-1β induces cyclic AMP formation in isolated human osteoblasts: a signalling mechanism that is not related to enhanced prostaglandin formation","authors":"Eva Bornefalk ,&nbsp;Sverker Ljunghall ,&nbsp;Anna G. Johansson ,&nbsp;Kenneth Nilsson ,&nbsp;Östen Ljunggren","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80212-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80212-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a potent stimulator of bone resorption. Induction of osteoclastic bone resorption by various endocrine or paracrine factors is mediated via the osteoblasts. We have therefore investigated the effects of 1L-1<em>β</em> on cell signalling in isolated human osteoblasts. Special interest was focused on prostaglandin synthesis, since indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, partly inhibits IL-1-induced bone resorption. IL-1<em>β</em>, at and above 0.3 pM, dose dependently stimulated PGE₂ formation in isolated human osteoblasts, with half maximal stimulation, EC₅₀, at 3 pM. Treatment with the calcium ionophore A23187 (1 <em>μ</em>M), or with forskolin (30 <em>μ</em>M), also stimulated PGE₂ formation in human osteoblasts. The time-course for IL-1<em>β</em>-induced PGE₂ formation was similar to that of forskolin, with a significant increase in the formation of PGE₂ seen after 1 h. In contrast, A23187-induced PGE₂ formation was seen within minutes. IL-1<em>β</em> stimulated the accumulation of cyclic AMP in isolated human osteoblasts incubated for 15 min. This increase in cyclic AMP formation was not secondary to PGE₂ formation since it was not blocked by the addition of indomethacin (1 <em>μ</em>M). Pretreatment with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX did not augment IL-l<em>β</em>-induced PGE₂ formation, nor did the protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-cAMPs inhibit IL-1<em>β</em>-induced PGE₂ formation, suggesting that cyclic AMP does not mediate the stimulatory effect of IL-1 on PGE₂ formation. We conclude that IL-1<em>β</em> enhances the formation of cyclic AMP as well as PGE₂ in primary cultures of isolated human osteoblasts.The IL-1<em>β</em>-induced cyclic AMP formation is, however, not related to the enhanced prostaglandin formation. The findings implicate that both cyclic AMP- and PGE₂-formation in osteoblasts might be involved as independent mediators of IL-1<em>β</em>-induced bone resorption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"27 2","pages":"Pages 97-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80212-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18542629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of endurance exercise on bone histomorphometric parameters in intact and ovariectomized rats","authors":"E.I. Barengolts,&nbsp;P.V. Lathon,&nbsp;D.J. Curry,&nbsp;S.C. Kukreja","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80058-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80058-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Physical activity is important for maintenance of bone mass. The effects of exercise on bone histomorphometry were studied in 9-month-old intact (INT) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The rats were either kept sedentary (SED) or were exercised (EX) on a treadmill at 21 m/min for 1 h/day 5 days/week for 3 months. Bone resorption as well as formation parameters were significantly higher in OVX-SED than in 1NT-SED rats, indicating increased bone turnover in OVX rats. In OVX rats, lower osteoclast perimeter and number, lower labeled perimeter but higher mineral apposition rate (MAR) and bone formation rate (BFR) were associated with higher trabecular bone in OVX-EX compared with OVX-SED rats. In intact rats, trabecular bone mass and osteoclast number and perimeter were not affected by exercise. Labeled perimeter was slightly lower while MAR was higher and BFR was insignificantly higher in INT-EX than in INT-SED rats. Thus, exercise resulted in fewer resorption-formation sites, as indicated by lower labeled perimeter, but higher activity of individual osteoblasts, as indicated by higher MAR, both in estrogen-depleted and estrogen-replete states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80058-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18988945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of 17β-estradiol treatment on the mass and the turnover of bone in ovariectomized rats taking a mild dose of thyroxin","authors":"Motonori Yamaura ,&nbsp;Toshitaka Nakamura ,&nbsp;Azusa Kanou ,&nbsp;Tomoshi Miura ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Ohara ,&nbsp;Katsumi Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80129-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80129-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We performed the dosing experiment to establish whether estrogen administration has any beneficial effects on the mass and the turnover of bone in ovariectomized rats taking a mild dose of thyroxin. Thirty-five Wistar rats, 28 weeks of age, received ovariectomies (OVX) or sham operations and were divided into five groups. Group I was the sham group, Groups 2–5 were ovariectomized. Group 2 was the OVX-control, Group 3 treated with thyroxin 30 <em>μ</em>g/kg/day (T4), Group 4, 17<em>β</em>-estradiol 0.3 mg/kg/week (E2), and Group 5, the combination of T4 and E2. The duration of the experiment was 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, serum chemistries were measured. Bone minerals in the femur were determined with single photon absorptiometry and bone turnover was assessed histomorphometrically. Alkaline-phosphatase increased in Group 3 (OVX-T4), but it reduced in Groups 4 (OVX-E2) and 5 (OVX-T4 + E2). Bone minerals decreased in Groups 2 (OVX) and 3. In Group 4, it was preserved at the same level as in Group 1. Group 5 showed a significant increase of bone mass compared with Group 1. Eroded surface and osteoid surface increased in Groups 2 and 3 and they were reduced in Groups 4 and 5. Bone volume and mineral apposition rate were at a maximum in Group 5. This study demonstrated that 17<em>β</em>-estradiol was capable of preventing the bone mass decrease by regulating the turnover in ovariectomized rats taking a mild dose of thyroxin. Osteoblast function appeared to be stimulated in combination with 17<em>β</em>-estradiol and thyroxin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"24 1","pages":"Pages 33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80129-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19178868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender dependent effects of testosterone and 17β-estradiol on bone growth and modelling in young mice","authors":"A. Ornoy ,&nbsp;S. Giron ,&nbsp;R. Aner ,&nbsp;M. Goldstein ,&nbsp;B.D. Boyan ,&nbsp;Z. Schwartz","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80130-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80130-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the effects of estrogen (17<em>β</em>-estradiol) and testosterone on the growth of long bones in male and female mice, with and without gonadectomy. Weight and nose-to-tail length were determined at 3 weeks of age at time of gonadectomy, 7 days later at the onset of hormone therapy, and throughout the treatment period. Gonadectomized mice exhibited an initial weight gain during the pretreatment period but length was unaffected. Hormone treatment altered weight gain in surgical and intact animals in a gender- and hormone-dependent manner. Estradiol enhanced weight gain in intact mice, but inhibited weight gain in ovariectomized mice. Lower doses of estradiol increased weight gain in orchiectomized mice at early time points. Testosterone increased weight in intact females and males, but not in gonadectomized mice. Estradiol increased nose-to-tail length in intact females at early time points, but inhibited length in ovariectomized females at later times, and it decreased length in intact males. Testosterone increased length in normal females and normal males. Serum Ca was unaffected by ovariectomy, but orchiectomy resulted in decreased levels. Estradiol reduced serum Ca in gonadectomized animals; serum Ca was increased by estradiol treatment in intact females. Changes in tibial bone weight, ash weight and mineral composition, and relative sizes of epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone were gender-, gonadectomy- and hormone-specific. Bone weight was greater in ovariectomized mice. Ash weight per bone was comparable, but there was an increase in Ca and P content with ovariectomy. Estradiol increased bone weight, ash content, and bone Ca and P in ovariectomized and intact females. Orchiectomy alone did not alter bone weight, ash content, or Ca and P, but orchiectomized mice were sensitive to estradiol; all parameters were increased in the orchiectomized animals treated with estradiol. Analysis of the ash content and Ca and P per mg bone, rather than per bone, demonstrated estradiol and testosterone alter net bone formation, but not the amount of mineral per unit bone. Ovariectomy increased hypertrophic cartilage. While estradiol did not alter tibial area in ovariectomized mice, it caused an increase in intact females. The total amount of growth plate cartilage in ovariectomized animals was decreased by estradiol to levels typical of intact animals due to a greater decrease in the hypertrophic cartilage in the ovariectomized mice, as well as a greater increase in metaphyseal bone area. Testosterone had no effect on these parameters in the females. Orchiectomy decreased the amount of growth plate cartilage, but increased the hypertrophic zone. Estradiol increased growth plate cartilage in intact male mice, but decreased it in orchiectomized mice. This difference was also seen in the hypertrophic zone. Total growth plate cartilage and hypertrophic cartilage were increased by testosterone in intact males, whereas metaphyseal and epip","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"24 1","pages":"Pages 43-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80130-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19178870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism","authors":"Josefina Martínez ,&nbsp;José M. Olmos ,&nbsp;Angel L.M. de Francisco ,&nbsp;José A. Amado ,&nbsp;Jose A. Riancho ,&nbsp;Jesús González-Macías","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80183-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80183-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A decreased number of calcitriol (1,25(OH)₂D₃) receptors has been observed in parathyroid glands of uremic animals. In humans, studies carried out in surgically removed parathyroid glands have shown that calcitriol binding is higher in primary than in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Since specific receptors for calcitriol have been described in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we have investigated the specific uptake of ³H-labelled l,25(OH)₂D₃ in PBMC of 12 women with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP), 8 women with hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure (SH), 9 women with renal transplant (RT), and 23 healthy women. The median dissociation constant (<em>K</em>_d) was similar in all three groups of patients and in healthy women (mean ± S.D. (range): PHP, 1.2 ± 1.0 (0.2–4) × 10⁻¹⁰ M; SH, 0.6 ± 0.4 (0.2–1.2) × 10⁻¹⁰ M; RT, 1.1 ± 0.5 (0.4–1.9) × 10⁻¹⁰ M; controls, 1.0 ± 0.6 (0.3–2.6) × 10⁻¹⁰ M). However, the maximal binding capacity (<em>N</em>_max) was significantly enhanced in PHP (3.9 ± 1.9 (1.3–7.6) fmol/10⁷ cells vs. 2.3 ± 0.9 (1.1–4.4) fmol/10⁷ cells in controls; <em>P</em> = 0.0006) and decreased in SH (0.8 ± 0.5 (0.2–1.6) fmol/10⁷ cells vs. 2.3 ± 0.9 (1.1–4.4) fmol/10⁷ cells in controls; <em>P</em> = 0.0001), whereas no changes were seen in RT (2.3 ± 0.7 (1.2–3.3) fmol/10⁷ cells vs. 2.3 ± 0.9 (1.1–4.4) fmol/10⁷ cells in controls). In three patients with PHP who were subjected to parathyroidectomy, the calcitriol number came down to normal. Changes of calcitriol receptors in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism could magnify the consequences of disturbances in serum concentration of calcitriol itself and might play an important role in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in uremia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"27 1","pages":"Pages 25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80183-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18847918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and -II, and IGF-binding protein-3 in inflammation and after parathyroid hormone infusion","authors":"Anna G. Johansson ,&nbsp;David J. Baylink ,&nbsp;Eva af Ekenstam ,&nbsp;Erik Lindh ,&nbsp;Subburaman Mohan ,&nbsp;Sverker Ljunghall","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80128-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80128-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to assess if the anabolic action of PTH is related to changes in circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and -II (IGF-I and -II), and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), 24 h of PTH infusion was performed in healthy women and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a state where both bone metabolism and PTH secretion is influenced by the inflammatory activity. The patients with RA had lower basal levels of both IGF-I and -II than the healthy controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In neither group did the IGFs change after 24 h of PTH administration, while IGFBP-3 was significantly increased in the healthy controls (4600 ± 1200 to 5750 ± 2200 <em>μ</em>g/l, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). IGFBP-3 was not affected by PTH infusion in patients with RA when the disease had high activity, but when inflammation had subsided they responded with a similar increase in IGFBP-3 as the control group and basal IGF-I and -II levels were normalised. Since IGFBP-3 can enhance the anabolic action of IGF-I, increased IGFBP-3 levels after PTH infusion may reflect a mechanism by which PTH is anabolic for bone. Inflammation may inhibit bone formation via decreased serum levels of IGFs and blocked IGFBP-3 response to PTH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"24 1","pages":"Pages 25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80128-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18524253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calendar of forthcoming events","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80064-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80064-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 193-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80064-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136940674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of fluoridated drinking water on axial bone mineral density — a population-based study","authors":"Heikki Kröger ,&nbsp;Esko Alhava ,&nbsp;Risto Honkanen ,&nbsp;Marjo Tuppurainen ,&nbsp;Seppo Saarikoski","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80184-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80184-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and femoral neck was measured in a random stratified sample of 3222 perimenopausal women aged 47–59 years. A total of 969 women had used fluoridated drinking water (1.0–1.2 mg/l) for over 10 years. These women were compared with 2253 women with low levels of fluoride in drinking water (&lt;0.3 mg/l). BMD of the spine was significantly higher in the fluoride group than in the non-fluoride group (1.138 ±0.165 vs. 1.123 ± 0.156 g/cm², <em>P</em> = 0.026). Femoral neck BMDs did not differ between the groups. When the BMD values were adjusted for confounding factors (age, weight, menopausal status, calcium intake, physical activity level, deliveries, alcohol consumption and estrogen use), the differences between the groups increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 for the spine and <em>P</em> = 0.004 for the femoral neck, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in the prevalence of self-reported fractures sustained during 1980–1989. We propose that the fluoridation of drinking water has a slight increasing effect on axial BMD in women in low fluoride areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"27 1","pages":"Pages 33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80184-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18847919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cyclosporine A on normal human osteoblasts in vitro","authors":"M. Nàcher,&nbsp;J. Aubia,&nbsp;S. Serrano,&nbsp;M.L.I. Mariñoso,&nbsp;J. Hernández,&nbsp;J. Bosch,&nbsp;A. Díez,&nbsp;J.M. Puig,&nbsp;J. Lloveras","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80172-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80172-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyclosporin-A (CsA) inhibits in vitro proliferation of non-human tumour-cloned osteoblasts. Our aims were to study the direct effect of CsA on proliferation of normal human osteoblast (NHOb) cultures and to ascertain whether CsA-treated patients' sera (CsATPS) may exert effects on the osteoblast which differ from the direct effects of CsA. We studied tritiated thymidine ([³H]thymidine) incorporation in NHOb cultures incubated with (a) increasing CsA concentrations (1.2 to 4800 ng/ml), (b) the same concentrations as in the previous experiment but with the addition of 20% fetal calf serum (FCS) or 20% normal human serum (NHS), (c) 40% NHS or 40% CsATPS. Results at 96 h in (a) CsA inhibited [³H]thymidine uptake from 300 ng/ml, in (b) CsA inhibited [³H]thymidine uptake from 2400 ng/ml for cultures with FCS and 4800 ng/ml for cultures with NHS, in (c) CsATPS produced [³H]thymidine uptake inhibition compared with NHS. Conclusion: CsA alone inhibited [³H]thymidine incorporation in NHOb from concentrations similar to therapeutic concentrations. With FCS or NHS, inhibition was produced at higher concentrations. CsATPS inhibited at CsA concentrations lower than those of the two previous experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 231-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80172-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18818419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone mineralization in children and adolescents with a milk allergy","authors":"Richard C. Henderson,&nbsp;Patrick R.L. Hayes","doi":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80181-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80181-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To evaluate the correlation between dietary calcium intake and mineralization of the immature skeleton 55 children and adolescents aged 5–14 years (mean, 9.5 years) with a positive radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for serum antibodies to cow's milk protein were evaluated. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and proximal femurs were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD at each site for each subject was converted to an age-adjusted <em>Z</em> score based on our own series of 95 normal pediatric controls. Calcium intake was determined using a detailed food frequency questionnaire administered by a nutritionist during a 30–40-min interview. Dietary adjustments to the condition varied and resulted in a wide range of calcium intakes. Calcium supplements were taken by 22% of the subjects and were included in the determination of daily calcium intake. The group of 55 subjects was divided into quartiles based on calcium intake (mean ± S.E mg calcium/day): Group 1, 409 ± 21, Group 2, 663 ± 16, Group 3, 950 ± 32, Group 4, 1437 ± 124. Bone density <em>Z</em> scores in the proximal femur serially increased across the calcium intake groups (mean ± S.E.): Group 1, −0.16 ± 0.31; Group 2, 0.05 ± 0.33; Group 3, 0.44 ± 0.24; Group 4, 0.79 ± 0.41 (<em>P</em> = 0.03). A similar pattern was found with lumbar spine BMD Z scores: Group 1, −0.16 ± 0.27; Group 2,0.10 ± 0.21; Group 3,0.18 ± 0.20; Group 4,0.30 ± 0.25 (<em>P</em> = 0.05). These data add further to the evidence that dietary calcium intake is important for optimal mineralization of the growing skeleton.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77047,"journal":{"name":"Bone and mineral","volume":"27 1","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80181-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18847916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}