Blutalkohol最新文献

{"title":"[Evaluation of an increased blood level of GGT, CDT, methanol, acetone and isopropanol in alcohol intoxicated automobile drivers. Alcoholism indicators instead of medical-psychological examination].","authors":"R Iffland,&nbsp;M P Balling,&nbsp;G Börsch,&nbsp;C Herold,&nbsp;W Kaschade,&nbsp;T Löffler,&nbsp;U Schmidtmann,&nbsp;J Stettner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several thousand blood samples were taken from alcoholized drivers at the Blood Alcohol Examination Centre of the Institute of legal Medicine at Cologne University. These samples showed blood alcohol contents (BAC) as well as GGT, CDT, methanol, acetone and isopropanol levels which indicated alcohol addiction. The blood samples were selected by the drivers' ages and their BAC, but in some cases the GGT also played a role. In the majority of cases 1 or 2 parameters were measured. In 200 cases all four indicators were determined. The four parameters characterize a different problematic drinking behaviour. GGT characterizes chronic, long-term misuse, CDT characterizes occasional misuse, methanol characterizes current addicted drinking and acetone and isopropanol characterize metabolic disorders caused by alcohol. The importance of parameters is thoroughly discussed, also in relation to incorrectly measured positive values and the relation between alcohol consumption and -problems. Methanol values above 10 mg/kg, GGT activities above 100 U/l and CDT levels above 60 U/l provide sufficient proof of there being an alcohol problem which requires treatment. The levels of other indicators need not be above normal to determine this. The proportion of drivers under the influence of alcohol with problematic alcohol levels increases significantly when the BAC is above 2.0 per mille. However, there have been drivers with alcohol problems with lower BAC levels. DUI offenders addicted to alcohol are quite frequently over 40 years old. A correlation between the single indicators and the BAC is rarely found. If a correlation is to be found, it would be most likely with drivers whose BAC lies above 2.0 per mille. The mentioned indicators would detect an alcohol problem from the blood sample taken for the blood alcohol test. Alcohol problems may be detected and treated shortly after the DUI offence. This method is comparatively cheaper than medical-psychological-examinations as well as being based on objective and verifiable parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"31 5","pages":"273-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18983328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Examination of automobile driving license eligibility from the viewpoint of drivers apprehended for alcohol infractions].","authors":"J Lutze,&nbsp;G Reinhardt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>80 DUI-offenders whose aptitude had been judged insufficient after their first aptitude test, underwent a second, higher level test. They were then interviewed about the conduction of these drivers aptitude tests. The test duration of 1-2 hours was considered to be sufficient. Less than one third of all interviewees thought that an objective judgement of the questioning would not be possible. Exam anxiety occurred only very occasionally during the questioning. Explanations about general problems and about the testing objectives given at the beginning of the tests were said to have been very helpful. Such relevant information should be given not only to the participants but also to their solicitors and GPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"31 4","pages":"222-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18914062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Alcohol impaired drivers after completion of a long-term model IVT-Hö rehabilitation].","authors":"G Höcher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"Individualpsychologische Verkehrstherapie (IVT-Hö)\" is a psychotherapeutic long-term rehabilitation for alcohol impaired drivers. The therapy is mainly for the benefit of people for whom re-training (BASt model) is unsuitable because of their extreme alcohol problems. 3 years after having completed the treatment and after having been re-granted their driving licences, 3.6% of the drivers had a relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"31 4","pages":"201-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18914060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Compliance with legal decisions in administrative legal withdrawal of driving privileges].","authors":"H J Bonk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overall it can be said that legal questions concerning the interaction of administrative and criminal legal proceedings, and decisions regarding the withdrawal of driving licences according to sections 4 StVG, 69 StGB, have as a norm, been solved. However, the binding effects of decisions dealt with by administrative offices and administrative courts regarding fines, are limited. This is due to the fact that the conditions for the withdrawal of driving licences as a criminal offence according to section 69 StGB do not coincide with those conditions for the administrative offices according to section 4 StVG. In this respect, opposing decisions in both legal proceedings can not be totally ruled out, and are possible, at least in certain cases. In some cases, irrespective of the outcome of the legal proceedings, this can be unsatisfactory for reasons of certainty about one's legal position. But due to the dual jurisdiction of the withdrawal of driving licences by criminal offices and criminal courts on the one hand, and administrative courts on the other hand, it is calculated normatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"31 4","pages":"238-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18915937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Methanol formation in vitro and in vivo (methanol formation after pectin administration)].","authors":"O Grüner,&nbsp;N Bilzer,&nbsp;J Liebmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. In the course of 34 days the detectable methanol concentration in freshly squeezed grapefruit and organ juices as well as in grapefruit and orange juice mixes increased to a maximum level of approximately 600 mg/kg. This increase could already be detected at the beginning of the examination i.e. as early as 1 or 2 days after squeezing the fruit juices. At the beginning of the experiments the methanol concentrations were between 10 and 270 mg/kg. 2. After the consumption of pectin (40 g on one day and 2 x 40 g on two days) blood or serum-methanol values respectively were observed which were clearly above the level of chronic alcohol abuse (10 mg/kg). After the ingestion of ethanol (0.5 g/kg bodyweight) the serum-methanol concentration increased even further.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"31 4","pages":"228-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18914064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Two traffic accidents after heroin consumption with fatal outcome].","authors":"G Sticht,&nbsp;H Käferstein,&nbsp;P Schmidt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report on 2 road accidents where 4 people--drivers and front-seat passengers--were injured so badly that they consequently died. All four had consumed heroin, in addition to which both passengers had also consumed cocaine and dihydrocodeine respectively. The blood samples of one of the drivers was only taken after the onset of intensive medical treatment including infusions and transfusions. Nevertheless the result of the analysis clearly showed that the driving ability had been impaired by heroin. In the remaining cases the opiat concentrations were so high that they could have justified a fatal intoxication in themselves. This applies especially to one of the passengers who displayed an unconjugated morphine blood concentration of 0.96 m/l. However, also in this case at the time of the accident the blood circulation and heartbeat did not stop immediately.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"31 4","pages":"233-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18915936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Value, concept and efficacy of medical psychological examinations. Comments on the critique by A. Müller].","authors":"J Jansen,&nbsp;H D Utzelmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors discuss the re-orientation regarding the withdrawal of driving licences, aptitude tests, re-training of drivers and therapy for DUI offenders as proposed by Müller in \"Blutalkohol\" in 1993. The authors note that Müller's analysis refers to an examination practice which is outdated and no longer compatible with the current development of examination and consultation techniques used by officially recognised medico-psychological examination centres in Germany. Methodological misunderstandings and miscalculations in Müller's analysis are pointed out. In contrast, a diagnostic strategy is presented aiming not only at improving traffic safety but also at optimising justice for each individual case. This also aims at giving advice to DUI offenders on how to improve their fitness for driving using appropriate measures. Special emphasis is put on procedures which enable DUI-offenders to use their time of suspension to genuinely improve their driving fitness with the help of diagnostic and advisory bodies in the medico-psychological examination centres.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"31 4","pages":"249-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18915938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Benzodiazepines in blood samples of alcohol intoxicated drivers].","authors":"L Ulrich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1,000 blood samples from drivers tested for alcohol were screened specifically for active constituents and metabolites of medicines of the benzodiazepine class. 42 blood samples contained benzodiazepines and a total of eight different active constituents were detected. The active constituents of Valium, Vegesan or Tranxilium, Lexotanil and Seresta have to be dealt with primarily. In addition to benzodiazepine 35 samples showed an alcohol level of over 0.08%. This raised the question of whether the benzodiazepine level measured in the blood samples would intensify the effect of the alcohol. Four categories were formed in order to be able to compare the levels of the various benzodiazepines. According to this categorisation the benzodiazepine concentration was classed as very high in 4 cases, high in 7 cases, moderate in 26 cases and low in 10 cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"31 3","pages":"165-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18910878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Regulation of equilibrium in acute alcoholic intoxication with the craniocorpography method].","authors":"S Seidl,&nbsp;M Müller,&nbsp;G Reinhardt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Twenty young male volunteers carried out a drinking experiment during which they underwent the Romberg standing test and the Unterberger treading test. These tests were carried out three times each in a sober state, 25 minutes and 2 hours after alcohol consumption. The balance tests were recorded, evaluated and documented by means of a Cranio-Corpo-Graphy. The Romberg standing test proved to be the more sensitive indicator of impaired balance, even when only slightly under the influence of alcohol. Both the degree of anterior-posterior and of lateral swaying increased according to the BAC and decreased after the end of absorption. Only lateral swaying was similarly recorded with the Unterberger test.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"31 3","pages":"186-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19046305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Recent regulations on alcohol and other drugs in German criminal traffic law].","authors":"H J Bode","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article contains a compilation of decisions recently made by German criminal courts. These decisions regarded punishable offences due to driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol and other drugs. They also dealt with the assessment of respective criminal offences and their legal consequences (punishment and withdrawal of driving licences).</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"31 3","pages":"137-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19041903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}