Blutalkohol最新文献_第10页

[The alcohol problem in former East Germany--suggestions for necessary discussion]. [前东德的酒精问题——必要讨论的建议]。

Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1993-05-01

P Brieler, R Rühle, C Jänisch

引用次数: 0

[Effect of Kava-Special Extract WS 1490 combined with ethyl alcohol on safety-relevant performance parameters]. [卡瓦特殊提取物WS 1490与乙醇混合对安全相关性能参数的影响]。

Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1993-03-01

K W Herberg

引用次数: 0

[Revoking the driver's license, assessment of driver competence, re-education and therapy in alcohol offenses: approaches to a necessary reorientation]. [吊销驾驶执照、评估驾驶能力、再教育和酒精犯罪治疗:必要的重新定向方法]。

Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1993-03-01

A Müller

{"title":"[Revoking the driver's license, assessment of driver competence, re-education and therapy in alcohol offenses: approaches to a necessary reorientation].","authors":"A Müller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"After representing figures and facts about drinking behaviour and drinking-driving offences of the 45 mio. drivers in Germany counter-measures for DWI-offenders are dealt with. The proceedings practised so far are critically analysed and new approaches are discussed. Primarily reviewed are special preventive measures and here particularly the selection procedure usually applied in Germany, in which on demand of the driver licensing authorities the question is to be answered by expert opinions whether there is to be reckoned with driving under the influence in die future, too. It is pointed out that the expert opinions are not valid enough for making a distinct decision in an individual case. Validity coefficients obtained in evaluation studies lie between phi = 0 and .28, raising the expectancy value of 50% resulting by chance at best only on to 65%. Moreover the psychological interview is understandably burdened with faked answers of the explored person, in several cases increased by a specific, professionally managed preparation for the testing situation. As a way out of the dilemma expert opinions prognosticating driver behaviour should be waived in favour of making diagnoses and proposals for treatment. The timing of regranting the driver license is then only determined by the revocation period pronounced by the court and by the performance of the measures recommended by the experts and demanded by the licensing authority. As a support for such a procedure a more consistent and resolute administration of the judicial revocation of driver license with longer periods for repeaters should be provided. Besides there is necessary a wider range of rehabilitation programs for drivers with alcoholic problems.","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"30 2","pages":"65-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19463339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Psychotic intoxication and a psychotic episode]. [精神中毒和精神病发作]。

Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1993-03-01

H F Brettel

引用次数: 0

[Exceptions for revoking the driver's license of alcohol intoxicated drivers at apprehension and during initial withdrawal]. [在逮捕和最初戒酒期间吊销酒驾司机驾照的例外情况]。

Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1993-03-01

G E Zabel, A Seim

引用次数: 0

[Wasted years--politics and the promille limit]. [浪费的岁月——政治和极限]。

Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1993-01-01

H Schneble

引用次数: 0

[Blood methanol as a marker of alcoholism. A diagnostic component within the scope of expert assessment of driving competence in alcoholic intoxication]. 血液中的甲醇是酒精中毒的标志在酒精中毒驾驶能力的专家评估范围内的诊断组成部分]。

Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1993-01-01

U Buchholtz

{"title":"[Blood methanol as a marker of alcoholism. A diagnostic component within the scope of expert assessment of driving competence in alcoholic intoxication].","authors":"U Buchholtz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A blood methanol test which was done in addition to routine diagnosis of the blood methanol level of persons with alcohol driving delicts in the past who were alcoholized during the medical-psychological investigation (MPU) produced differently significant cues for (pre) alcoholism in nearly all persons. As a result 15 out of 40 persons reached a blood methanol level of 10 mg% and more (24 more persons a level between 1.5 and 9.9 mg%). This is a clear indicator of pathological alcohol drinking. Persons with a breath alcohol concentration from 0.2 to 0.99/1000 showed an average blood ethanol concentration of less than 10 mg%, but above 1.5 mg%, where as those persons with an alcohol level above this limit had a blood methanol concentration significantly above 10 mg%. The arithmetical mean and the standard deviation were significantly elevated compared to the range of reference, an effect that didn't show as clearly with the median of the Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes (MCV) reacted less sensitively. The correlation between the five parametres (blood ethanol at the last alcohol driving delict, breath alcohol concentration, GGT, MCV, blood methanol) were all significantly positive with one exception: the correlation between the breath alcohol and the blood methanol level. Altogether the results support the hypotheses that the protective assertions of the subjects concerned are hard to believe, even those of persons with a lower blood alcohol level. An additional test of the blood methanol level should be done, however, with persons reaching an alcoholization between 0.2 and 1.0/1000 during the MPU.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"30 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19419351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Women and drunk driving--references from the legal expert practice]. 【女性与酒驾——法律专家实践中的参考文献】。

Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1993-01-01

H C Zeiler

{"title":"[Women and drunk driving--references from the legal expert practice].","authors":"H C Zeiler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"From 1980 to 1990 the number of female drunken drivers increases significantly from 5.33% to 7.87% in Germany. Women between 25 and 55 years old are overrepresented, especially the 35-45 aged. The number of women, who had been sentenced for the first time because of drunken driving significantly decreases from 12.75% in 1985 to 9.07% in 1990 within the total subpopulation of those who were medical-psychologically examined in Münster. The blood-alcohol-concentrations (BACs) of the women examined in Münster were analyzed. There were no differences in the average BACs and in the variance. In every year the examined women were part of the same population of people with similar problems. The average BACs are 2.04/1000 (1980), 2.2/1000 (1985) and 2.01/1000 (1990). The analysis of the results of the medical-psychological examinations shows no significant difference between men and women in 1990. In 1980, 1985 and 1990 there was no increase in negative judgements because of medical reasons, in 1980 only one woman was suggested to participate in a driver-improvement-course and in 1985 significantly less women were rejected because of psychological reasons. This was caused by a significant increase in positive judgements in the subgroup of those women, who had more than one drunken driving offence or other incidents. The results show, that those women examined in Münster belong to the group of people who drink alcohol in an excessive an abnormal way. The equal treatment of women and men by the examining psychologists can be regarded as justified. In respect to the different conditional structure responsible for abnormal drinking of women in comparison to men it is necessary to examine women and men in different ways.","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"30 1","pages":"30-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19419350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Methanol level and methanol elimination in alcoholic patients]. [酒精患者的甲醇水平和甲醇消除]。

Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1993-01-01

H T Haffner, A Batra, H D Wehner, K Besserer, K Mann

{"title":"[Methanol level and methanol elimination in alcoholic patients].","authors":"H T Haffner, A Batra, H D Wehner, K Besserer, K Mann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 54 male alcoholics aged between 26 and 57 years who had been admitted in an intoxicated state to a psychiatric hospital for acute care and subsequent detoxification were included in the study. The blood ethanol concentration (BEC) and serum methanol concentration (SMC) at the time of admission (n = 49) and the methanol elimination curve during ethanol elimination (n = 19) and after the ethanol concentration had fallen to zero (n = 4) were investigated. On admission, the BEC ranged from 0.21 g/kg to 3.26 g/kg and the SMC ranged from 5 mg/kg to 44 mg/kg. The gamma-alcoholics (n = 28) exhibited higher ethanol concentrations than the delta-alcoholics (n = 11) but no difference was found in the methanol concentrations. The methanol level was found to be related to the ethanol level in gamma-alcoholics (r = 0.671; p < 0.001), but not in d-alcoholics (r = 0.215; p > 0.05). The methanol content of the most recently consumed and generally preferred type of alcoholic beverage was found to influence the SMC in all the alcoholics. The SMC did not fall during ethanol oxidation (BEC > 0.2g/kg). After the ethanol concentration had fallen to zero, methanol elimination was found to follow first order kinetics; the elimination constants ranged from 0.592 h-1 to 0.209 h-1, corresponding to elimination half-life values of 1.2 h to 3.3 h. No differences were found between these values and those of non-alcoholic subjects.","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"30 1","pages":"52-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19368113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

["Drinking and driving" with various blood alcohol limit values in Europe]. [欧洲不同血液酒精限量值的"酒后驾车"]。

Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1993-01-01

I Pfafferott

{"title":"[\"Drinking and driving\" with various blood alcohol limit values in Europe].","authors":"I Pfafferott","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Within the framework of a comparative cross-national study led by INRETS, France, in 1991/92, representative surveys of drivers were conducted in 15 European countries. The survey covered a wide spectrum of biographical driver data as well as opinions and attitudes to practically all subjects of road traffic. In this context, the \"drinking and driving\" subject was of special interest. A comparison was made between drivers from 10 countries with a legal BAC limit of 0.08% and drivers from 5 countries with a legal BAC limit of or under 0.05%. Drivers from countries with a legal BAC limit below 0.08% state more often that they never drive after drinking even a small amount of alcohol; have been stopped and breathalysed by the police on at least one occasion; expect to be stopped and breathalysed by the police on a typical journey. They further advocate more breath tests by the police in their country and harsher penalties for drivers found to be over the limit. Where low legal BAC limits are in force, they are accepted in most cases. The extent to which these basically positive attitudes may also be relevant on the traffic scene, cannot be answered based on this survey alone. It is common knowledge that opinions and attitudes represent only one determining factor of a whole complex of factors influencing behaviour.","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"30 1","pages":"21-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19419349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0