Arctic medical research最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal cutaneous immune responses in an Antarctic wintering group: no association with testosterone, vitamin D metabolite or anxiety score.","authors":"G A Pitson,&nbsp;D J Lugg,&nbsp;H K Muller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune function is modulated by a complex set of neuroendocrine factors including sex hormones, vitamin D metabolites and stress. Antarctic expeditioners exhibit reduced cell mediated immunity. Studies have also shown a reduction in testosterone levels in wintering expeditioners and suggested a correlation between levels of anxiety and reduced immune function in brief trip expeditioners. Nineteen male Antarctic expeditioners were followed by 3 monthly assessments of cell mediated immunity, levels of testosterone and vitamin D metabolite and psychological indicators of anxiety. There was a significant reduction in immune function during the study period, consistent with previous Antarctic studies. Levels of testosterone, anxiety and the immunoregulatory metabolite of vitamin D did not alter significantly. In this group the reduction in immune function did not show a correlation with levels of anxiety or the hormones studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"55 3","pages":"118-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19852223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward versatile international co-operation in circumpolar health.","authors":"J Hassi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"55 3","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19852220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance use, mental health, and health in Alaska: emphasis on Alaska Native peoples.","authors":"C Brems","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has always been a problem in Alaska to obtain a compilation of accurate and current data with regard to mental health, health, and substance abuse. This paper was designed to pull together different sources of data to present a comprehensive perspective on the substance use, mental health, and health problems facing Alaskans today. The article summarizes the most current substance abuse, mental health, and health data available for the State of Alaska from public, academic, and institutional sources. It emphasizes data relevant to Alaska Native groups, calling for improved efforts in the future to collect data according to ethnicity and gender. The data presented identify a number of significant substance use and mental health problems that are prevalent in Alaska, providing geographic and ethnic data wherever available.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"55 3","pages":"135-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19852226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case-control study of cancer risk factors in the Alaskan Arctic: responding to village concern about environmental radiation.","authors":"R J Bowerman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to community concern and documented excessive recent cancer incidence in the Alaskan arctic village of Point Hope and despite the small population size, a case-control study was undertaken to help gain clues as to the cause of cancer in this remote village. Residents diagnosed with cancer from 1969 to 1994, who could be interviewed concerning cancer risk factors, were matched with resident controls. Residence in Point Hope in 1962 (odds ratio = 17.31, 95% confidence limits = [1.69, 179.4]) was the only significant cancer risk factor detected. All other risk factors related to the environment, diet, occupation, family and social history were unremarkable. Residence in this village over 30 years ago may be a key link to the cause of cancer in Point Hope.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"55 3","pages":"129-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19852225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis-B surface antigen in blood spotted on filter paper: use as a screen for hepatocellular carcinoma in Alaska Natives.","authors":"A J Parkinson,&nbsp;B J McMahon,&nbsp;L Zanis,&nbsp;A P Lanier,&nbsp;R B Wainwright","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A program of twice yearly testing of Alaska Native carriers of hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg), for alpha-fetoprotein elevations as an indicator of early hepatocellular carcinoma has been established in Alaska. Because many HBsAg carriers live in remote regions of Alaska, logistical and cost considerations complicate the efficiency of this program. We evaluated the feasibility of using blood spotted onto mail-in cards as a system of blood collection and commercial assays for alpha-fetoprotein and HBsAg testing. We compared alpha-fetoprotein levels and the detection of HBsAg in both plasma and blood spots from HBsAg-positive carriers, normal volunteers, and pregnant females. There was good correlation between serum and blood spot AFP levels (r = 0.94, p < 0.001) over a wide range of serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. alpha-fetoprotein and HBsAg remained detectable in blood spots stored at room temperature for more than 8 weeks. The sensitivity of detection of HBsAg in blood spots was not as great in blood spots when compared to plasma levels. This system has been incorporated into the hepatocellular carcinoma screening program in Alaska. It should also prove feasible and economical for such screening to be undertaken in developed countries and possibly make alpha-fetoprotein screening affordable in those developing countries where the prevalence of hepatitis-B virus infection is high.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"55 3","pages":"123-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19852224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitude towards the future of the environment among medical students in the University of Oulu.","authors":"L Käsmä-Ronkainen,&nbsp;H Virokannas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"55 3","pages":"148-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19852227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hibernator heart--nature's model of resistance to ventricular fibrillation.","authors":"B. Johansson","doi":"10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00192-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00192-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"50 Suppl 6 1","pages":"58-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00192-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55418378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of housing on health: an ecologic study from the Canadian Arctic.","authors":"T K Young,&nbsp;C J Mollins","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives and method: </strong>An ecologic study was conducted to investigate the association between housing and health in 49 predominantly Native communities in the Northwest Territories (NWT) in the Canadian Arctic, making use of data from a housing survey and data relating to physical and social health routinely reported to various service delivery agencies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of health centre visits, as a measure of morbidity, correlated with most housing and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators. Communities with worse housing and SES were found to have a higher rate of health centre visits. Using factor analysis, composite housing and SES indicators were constructed. Housing was poorly correlated with any of the outcome variables, whereas SES was strongly correlated with health centre visits and moderately correlated with the occurrence of fires. Communities with worse SES were more likely to have a higher rate of health centre visits but the opposite effect was observed with fires. When both housing and SES indices were included in a multiple regression model, SES was the stronger factor in predicting the rate of health centre visits and fires. No significant association exists between these variables and the frequency of sentenced admissions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is possible that improvement in housing quality in the NWT may have eliminated much disparity and perhaps removed most obvious illness-generating housing features. Improved housing through subsidies, however, does not alter other components of SES such as education, employment and income. The importance of SES in health and social well-being is well known and is demonstrated in the NWT as well. This study also shows that ecologic analyses can provide relatively quick and useful data for public health policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"55 2","pages":"52-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19726665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of smoking behaviour in random samples of Greenlandic and Danish women 20-39 years of age.","authors":"M Osler,&nbsp;S K Kjaer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of smoking among young women is of particular concern in most countries as it does not decline as in men. We studied smoking behaviour in Greenlandic and Danish women over a 2 year period to provide information on the social and behavioural determinants of smoking in women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 1986, samples of 800 women aged 20-39 years were drawn at random from Nuuk/Godthåb (Greenland) and Nykøbing Falster (Denmark). A total of 586 and 661 women were interviewed in Greenland and Denmark, respectively. In 1988, new random samples of 150 women were drawn from the same areas. Totally, 129 Greenlandic and 126 Danish women were included in this study. In 1987, a sample of 732 women aged 20-49 years from Copenhagen was randomly drawn from the computerized Central Population Register. Of these, 623 women completed a questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Smoking behaviour was almost the same among women in Nykøbing Falster and Copenhagen (54% smoked) while a significantly higher percentage of smokers was observed among women in Greenland (88% smoked). Heavy smoking was most prevalent among Danish women and associated with early debut of smoking. Among Danish women, smoking was associated with use of oral contraceptives, early age at first intercourse, and multiple sexual partners. In Greenland, smoking was associated with early sexual debut and multiple sexual partners. In an extended analysis on a subgroup of Danish women, smoking was also associated with low education and infrequent intake of vegetables. The study showed no development in smoking behaviour in any age group over the two year period between the two studies, neither in Nykøbing Falster nor in Nuuk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of moderate smoking among women in Greenland suggests that broad anti-smoking initiatives are urgently needed. The high prevalence of heavy smoking and a social gradient among Danish women may indicate that a strategy focusing on restrictions of smoking may be more relevant than merely continuing a pure anti-smoking information strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"55 2","pages":"62-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19726666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood serum analyses in population studies: parallel analyses and degree of agreement in a Norwegian-Russian co-project. The Svalbard Study.","authors":"O Nilssen,&nbsp;R Lipton,&nbsp;G Höyer,&nbsp;J Bojko,&nbsp;A Tkatchev,&nbsp;T Brenn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a survey of more than 300 russian coal workers living on Svalbard, parallel laboratory analyses of gamma-glutamyltransferase, serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and triglycerides were performed in Tromsö, Norway and in Archangelsk, Russia. Mean values for gamma-glutamyltransferase and serum total cholesterol were significantly higher in Tromsö than in Archangelsk while mean values of triglycerides and high density lipoproteins were significantly lower in Tromsö than in Archangelsk. Linear regression plots revealed both systematical and arbitrary differences between the two laboratories. Because no \"true\" standards were available, we were unable to assess the accuracy of laboratory results. We conclude that laboratory measurements from Norway and Russia are not directly comparable. Future research programs between the two laboratories should attempt to include calibrated standards of test serum from which to identify sources of variation. Alternatively, the serum tests should always only be analyzed at one site.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"55 2","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19728097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}