Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition最新文献

{"title":"Short-term effects of budesonide, nedocromil sodium and salmeterol on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in childhood asthma.","authors":"A Baki,&nbsp;G Karagüzel","doi":"10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01921.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01921.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effects of budesonide, nedocromil sodium and salmeterol on bronchial hyperresponsiveness were determined over a period of 3 weeks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-three asymptomatic children (22 male, 21 female, aged 7-17 years) with mild-to-moderate asthma were evaluated. The study was placebo-controlled and double-blind. At the beginning the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was measured and a methacholine challenge was performed to determine PC20 (provocative concentration of inhaled methacholine required to reduce FEV1 by 20%). The patients in group I (n = 12), group II (n = 10), group III (n = 11), and group IV (n = 10) inhaled 200 micrograms of budesonide, 2 mg of nedocromil sodium, 25 micrograms of salmeterol and a placebo, respectively, twice a day over the period of 3 weeks. Then the methacholine PC20 values of all patients were measured again and the results were compared statistically with their previous values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The statistical data revealed that the methacholine doses in PC20 before and after treatment were different in group I (P < 0.01). However, these differences were not statistically significant in the other groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The short term usage of budesonide decreases bronchial hyperresponsiveness, but nedocromil sodium and salmeterol in the given dises do not affect bronchial hyperresponsiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":76975,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition","volume":"40 3","pages":"247-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01921.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20611426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is early surgery always necessary in patients with aortic valve prolapse complicating an Eisenmenger-type ventricular septal defect?","authors":"H Tomita,&nbsp;S Fuse,&nbsp;S Chiba","doi":"10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01917.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01917.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The report presents three patients who showed a typically prolapsed aortic cusp with or without aortic regurgitation associated with a malalignment-type perimembranous defect, the so called Eisenmenger-type ventricular septal defect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each patient developed spontaneous complete or near closure of the ventricular septal defect without worsening of the aortic regurgitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These cases suggest that prolapsed aortic cusp complicating a malalignment perimembranous ventricular septal defect is not always an absolute indication for early surgery to prevent progressive aortic regurgitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":76975,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition","volume":"40 3","pages":"232-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01917.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20611422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy in a boy with acute mixed lineage leukemia.","authors":"N Onodera,&nbsp;T Nakahata,&nbsp;H Tanaka,&nbsp;R Ito,&nbsp;T Honda","doi":"10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01926.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01926.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 12-year-old boy had been treated with multiagent chemotherapy for acute mixed lineage leukemia and with intravenous hyperalimentation due to persistent diarrhea and vomiting for 2 months. He suddenly complained of horizontal nystagmus and gait disturbance followed by oculomotor palsy and disorientation within a few days. Blood tests revealed low serum vitamin B1 and high serum pyruvate. Magnetic resonance imaging in T2-weighted axial image revealed a high signal inside the bilateral thalami, mamillary bodies and periaquaductal gray matter. He was diagnosed as Wernicke's encephalopathy and successfully treated with vitamin B1. Careful observation and adequate treatment are emphasized in the management of this preventable and curable disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":76975,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition","volume":"40 3","pages":"271-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01926.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20611977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful control of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy with a high dextrin formula.","authors":"A Ehara,&nbsp;M Takahashi,&nbsp;K Nobumoto,&nbsp;T Kida,&nbsp;S Mizukami,&nbsp;M Hagisawa,&nbsp;Y Yamada","doi":"10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01932.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01932.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76975,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition","volume":"40 3","pages":"293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01932.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20611983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moebius syndrome, pituitary dwarfism and hypoplastic optic disc.","authors":"M S Williams","doi":"10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01933.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01933.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76975,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition","volume":"40 3","pages":"294-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01933.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20611984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An outbreak of hepatitis A in a day-care center: immunoprophylaxis with human immunoglobulin.","authors":"T Hatazawa,&nbsp;W Abo,&nbsp;Y Sakai,&nbsp;K Seki,&nbsp;T Doi,&nbsp;N Tachibana,&nbsp;S Chiba","doi":"10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01920.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01920.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An outbreak of seven cases of hepatitis A (HA) occurred in a day-care center. Five of the cases were children attending the center, one was a nurse and one was the mother of a child. It is probable that the first case with HA was a male child infected by an unknown source.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Human immunoglobulin (HIG) was administered to both children and staff at the center following which there were no new cases of infection among in-center contacts. However, a new case of HA among household contacts developed 3 weeks following the treatment of in-center contacts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The outbreak may have been prevented if the sibling (case 2) of the source case of infection (case 1) had been given HIG as soon as infection had been confirmed. Additionally, the data suggest that HIG for prevention of HA should be given not only to children but also to their parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":76975,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition","volume":"40 3","pages":"244-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01920.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20611425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five cases of thrombocytopenia induced by primary human herpesvirus 6 infection.","authors":"T Yoshikawa,&nbsp;M Morooka,&nbsp;S Suga,&nbsp;Y Niinomi,&nbsp;T Kaneko,&nbsp;K Shinoda,&nbsp;Y Muraki,&nbsp;K Takahashi,&nbsp;N Sugaya,&nbsp;Y Asano","doi":"10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01928.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01928.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Five patients suffering from exanthem subitum with thrombocytopenia were confirmed as primary human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection by serological test. All cases had thrombocytopenia during the acute phase of exanthem subitum. The clinical features of these cases were benign, and all recovered without any specific treatment. Moreover, 4 of the 5 cases showed a mild elevation of hepatic transaminase during the same period, and other viral infections including cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus 7 were ruled out in these patients. It was speculated that direct inhibition of platelet production by the virus or cytokine induced by the virus-infected cells was the mechanism of the thrombocytopenia induced by primary HHV-6 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":76975,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition","volume":"40 3","pages":"278-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01928.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20611979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of bacterial enteric infections in children in Zambia.","authors":"T Nakano,&nbsp;H Kamiya,&nbsp;N Matsubayashi,&nbsp;M Watanabe,&nbsp;M Sakurai,&nbsp;T Honda","doi":"10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01924.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01924.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The bacterial pathogens commonly responsible for diarrhea in children under the age of 5 in Zambia were identified and the most effective methods of diagnosis of such infections in laboratories with limited resources, such as those in developing countries, are recommended.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stool samples were collected from children under the age of 5 years who visited the Diarrhoea Training Unit (DTU) of Zambia University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, between May 1992 and May 1993. A total of 639 children were evaluated for the presence of bacterial infection using standard culture media. The prevalence of bacterial pathogens was compared with that reported from other developing countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from 95 (14.9%) children, Shigella species from 65 (10.2%) children, and Vibrio cholerae from 21 (3.3%) children. The presence of visible blood in the feces was an early indicator of the presence of shigellosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>E. coli, Shigella species and Vibrio cholerae were the major causes of bacterial diarrhea in the Zambian children studied. Research is required to determine the prevalence of such enteropathogenic strains. The use of adequate diagnostic procedures is indispensable to appropriate management. The recommendations have been prepared as a manual for the identification of enteropathogenic bacteria to be used in laboratories with limited resources, such as in developing countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":76975,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition","volume":"40 3","pages":"259-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01924.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20611975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and radiological variability of influenza-related encephalopathy or encephalitis.","authors":"S Kimura,&nbsp;N Ohtuki,&nbsp;A Nezu,&nbsp;M Tanaka,&nbsp;S Takeshita","doi":"10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01925.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01925.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Influenza-related encephalopathy or encephalitis is not rare in children. However, it is not well understood why the brain lesion develops from influenza infection. The purpose of this study was to clarify its pathogenesis by analyzing the clinical and neuroradiological findings in patients having influenza-related brain lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical findings in 10 children with influenza-related brain lesions were analyzed. Eight patients had findings consistent with the diagnosis of acute encephalopathy and two had postinfectious focal encephalitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography were divided into five categories: normal (category 1); diffuse involvement of the cerebral cortex (category 2); diffuse brain edema (category 3); symmetrical involvement of the thalamus (category 4); and postinfectious focal encephalitis (category 5). Patients in categories 2-4 had symmetrical or diffuse brain lesions without leukocytosis in their cerebrospinal fluid, and there were no inflammatory reactions in the brains of two autopsied patients. Furthermore, serum concentrations of GOT were high in all, and disseminated intervascular coagulation was present in 4 of 5.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggested that the pathogenesis of the brain lesions in these cases was toxic or metabolic damage due to multisystemic organ diseases induced by the influenza virus. The MRI findings in patients in category 2 suggested diffuse cortical cell necrosis. On the other hand, the thalamic lesions in category 4 patients reflected hyperpermeability of the blood vessels followed by severe edema with or without microhemorrhages. The pathogenesis of lesions of category 5 included allergic angitis of a self-limiting nature. These findings indicated that the pathogenesis of brain damage induced by influenza infection was very variable.</p>","PeriodicalId":76975,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition","volume":"40 3","pages":"264-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01925.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20611976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene therapy for genetic diseases.","authors":"R J Desnick,&nbsp;E H Schuchman","doi":"10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01912.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01912.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene therapy provides the potential to permanently cure selected genetic diseases. However, a major obstacle is the effective delivery of the normal gene to specific target sites of pathology and continuous expression at therapeutic levels. A variety of viral and non-viral vectors have been developed to deliver genes to various cells, tissues and organs by ex vivo and in vivo strategies. Among the viral-based vectors, retroviruses, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus and herpes virus have been the most extensively studied. Among non-viral-based vectors, liposomes have been used to introduce plasmid DNA directly into animals, and DNA protein conjugates are being developed to exploit receptor-mediated uptake pathways. Each of these gene delivery systems is reviewed here and their advantages and disadvantages compared. In addition, the current status and future prospects for human gene therapy trials for genetic diseases are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76975,"journal":{"name":"Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition","volume":"40 3","pages":"191-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01912.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20610887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}