{"title":"Work, ideology, and science: The case of medicine","authors":"Vicente Navarro","doi":"10.1016/S0160-7995(80)80003-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0160-7995(80)80003-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article discusses the nature of work, ideology and science in Western capitalist societies.It analyzes how capitalist or bourgeois ideology reproduces capitalist dominance in the spheres of production (Section I), politics (Section II), and science and medicine (Section III). Also, this article explains how the working class responds to that capitalist dominance through a continuous process of class struggle. Sections I, II, and III show how class struggle affects bourgeois dominance in the processes of production, politics, and science and medicine, respectively. Special focus in Section III is on the analysis of (A) how bourgeois dominance appears in science and medicine; (B) how bourgeois ideology appears and is reproduced in medical knowledge; and (C) how class struggle determines the nature of scientific and medical knowledge. In this section, an alternative mode of production of scientific and medical knowledge, different from the prevalent bourgeois one, is presented and discussed. In all three sections, medicine and medical knowledge are chosen as the primary points of reference.</p><p>“The does keep telling me there's nothing wrong with the place where I work. I guess they're supposed to know it all because they've had a lot of education and everything. I'm no expert like they are, but I sure as hell know there's something wrong in that mill and the other guys are saying the same thing. One thing I know for sure-that place is killing us.”</p><p>Cancer patient and steelworker from the Bethlehem Steel Corporation mills, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A., 1978.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76948,"journal":{"name":"Social science & medicine. Medical economics","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 191-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0160-7995(80)80003-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18434192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medicines and the third world","authors":"David Piachaud","doi":"10.1016/S0160-7995(80)80002-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0160-7995(80)80002-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>International trade data is used to examine expenditure on imports of medicinal and pharmaceuticalproducts in less developed countries. There are wide variations between countries in expenditure per head on medicines and in expenditure per physician. Medicines expenditure, largely for curative rather than preventive purposes, has been a rising proportion of total health expenditure in most third world countries. Rates of growth of expenditure on medicines were very much faster than rates of growth of gross national product and this cannot be long sustained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76948,"journal":{"name":"Social science & medicine. Medical economics","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 183-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0160-7995(80)80002-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17828054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economists in multidisciplinary teams: Some unresolved problems in the conduct of health services research","authors":"Gavin H. Mooney, Alan H. Williams","doi":"10.1016/S0160-7995(80)80005-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0160-7995(80)80005-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>n July 1979 a meeting was held at the University of Aberdeen to bring together five multidisciplinary research teams, each containing at least one economist, from different European countries to discuss the problems involved in integrating economics and economists into multidisciplinary research teams in health care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76948,"journal":{"name":"Social science & medicine. Medical economics","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 217-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0160-7995(80)80005-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18434193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barry M. Popkin, Florentino S. Solon, Thomas Fernandez, Michael C. Lantham
{"title":"Benefit-cost analysis in the nutrition area: A project in the Philippines","authors":"Barry M. Popkin, Florentino S. Solon, Thomas Fernandez, Michael C. Lantham","doi":"10.1016/S0160-7995(80)80004-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0160-7995(80)80004-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A benefit-cost analysis framework was developed to compare the relative effectiveness ofthree programs designed to eliminate severe vitamin A deficiency. Each program was run in four ecological areas over a 2-year period. Program benefits in terms of reduced mortality, blindness, morbidity and treatment costs, the effectiveness of each program against each type of benefit, and direct and indirect program costs were calculated. The three programs were the distribution twice yearly of a mass dosage vitamin A capsule, vitamin A fortification of monosodium glutamate (MSG), and a public health intervention which used paraprofessionals for an education, sanitation, immunization, and horticulture program. Benefits and costs accruing to children were compared and the resulting benefit-cost ratios showed that the fortification and mass dosage capsule programs had social benefits much greater than their costs. As a result, MSG fortification is being tested in a three-province area in the Philippines and is being considered for national implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76948,"journal":{"name":"Social science & medicine. Medical economics","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 207-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0160-7995(80)80004-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17828055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}