International family planning digest最新文献_第6页

Increased sales and community acceptance found after display of condoms on open store shelves. 在商店开放的货架上展示避孕套后，销量增加，社会接受度提高。

International family planning digest Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/2948158

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Tie pill-gallbladder ills to raised cholesterol. 药丸胆囊病与胆固醇升高有关。

International family planning digest Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/2948162

{"title":"Tie pill-gallbladder ills to raised cholesterol.","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/2948162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2948162","url":null,"abstract":"Recent reports indicate that oral contraceptive users have twice the risk and postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy 2.5 times the risk of developing gallbladder disease as those who do not use these drugs. Supersaturation of gallbladder bile with cholesterol and changes in bile acid have been suggested as the reason. In a study, the mean level of cholesterol saturation was found to be 92% in a group of women not taking the pill and 125% when they were taking oral contraceptives. This difference was considered highly significant (p .001). Of 11 women studied before and then during pill use, 10 showed raised cholesterol levels in bile during this therapy (p .01). Also the relative proportions of bile acids changed. Cholic acid was increased during pill use and the proportions of chenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid were decreased. It was noted that chenodeoxycholic acid therapy has been used experimentally to promote disappearance of gallstones by decreasing cholesterol saturation of bile. It has been claimed that chemical gallbladder disease predates the X-ray evidence of gallstones by months or years. It has been suggested that the real incidence of gallbladder disease associated with pill use and other estrogen therapy is higher than formerly thought.","PeriodicalId":76914,"journal":{"name":"International family planning digest","volume":"2 2 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2948162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68698127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Indonesia village programs stress pill continuation while medical clinics start women on method use. 印度尼西亚的乡村计划强调继续服用避孕药，而医疗诊所则让妇女开始使用避孕方法。

International family planning digest Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/2948169

{"title":"Indonesia village programs stress pill continuation while medical clinics start women on method use.","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/2948169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2948169","url":null,"abstract":"The emphasis of Indonesia's experiment with village distribution of contraceptives, begun in 1974, is on maintenance rather than initiation of oral contraceptive use. As part of the experiment, it was decided to make resupplies available without charge outside the clinics on Java and Bali experimentally. The effort operated on the principles of avoiding standardization and focusing on resupply. In the province of West Java, resupply depots were established in the homes of acceptors whoowere also known village leaders. Each month the depot holders received a resupply, had their record-keeping reviewed, and were advised on how to deal with complaints. Presently, there are about 1600 village distribution centers with each of these units serving several subunits of a village. Effective village distribution efforts have also been established in Central Java and East Java. A unique feature of the East Java program is a lottery created to sustain the interest of those already in the program as well as to attract new acceptors. The Bali program is different from those of East Java in that most acceptors are IUD users. In this program emphasis is on recruiting new acceptors and maintaining those already in the program, and motivational effort is directed to the male. Village distribution effort data in Indonesia suggest that as the number of village distribution outlets increases, the proportion of married women of reproductive age who use contraception also increases. In addition to the government supported family planning program, there is now a combined effort supported by the Indonesian government and Aid to International Development to achieve acceptance of the condom and increased involvement of men in family planning.","PeriodicalId":76914,"journal":{"name":"International family planning digest","volume":"2 3 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2948169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68698218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sequential pills, rarely used in developing world, are withdrawn in U.S. because of cancer risk. 在发展中国家很少使用的顺序药，由于癌症风险在美国被撤回。

International family planning digest Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/2948278

引用次数: 0

Three studies show family allowances, welfare payments do not encourage increased family size. 三项研究表明，家庭津贴和社会福利并不能促进家庭规模的扩大。

International family planning digest Pub Date : 1975-12-01