Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement最新文献_第5页

Alteration in cerebral GABAB receptor functions during formation of alcohol dependence. 酒精依赖形成过程中大脑GABAB受体功能的改变。

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement Pub Date : 1994-01-01

K Kuriyama, H Mizutani, M Hirouchi, T Ichida, T Hashimoto

{"title":"Alteration in cerebral GABAB receptor functions during formation of alcohol dependence.","authors":"K Kuriyama, H Mizutani, M Hirouchi, T Ichida, T Hashimoto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Alterations in the function of cerebral GABAB receptor systems were studied in alcohol dependent animals and reconstituted GABAB receptor systems in vitro. The GABAB receptor binding at both high and low affinity sites showed a significant increase during the formation of alcohol dependence and alcohol withdrawal, although ethanol at a low concentration did not affect the GABAB receptor binding in vitro. On the other hand, a low concentration (100 mM) of ethanol, which had no significant effect on GABAB receptor binding, inhibited cAMP accumulation in vitro. The cAMP formation in brain did not show significant changes during the formation of alcohol dependence in spite of the increase in GABAB receptor binding. These results indicate that alcohol dependence induces an increase of GABAB receptor binding in the brain. This increase in GABAB receptor binding, however, may not be associated with the changes in the GABAB receptor mediated suppression of cAMP formation, possibly due to the deterioration of the coupling between the GABAB receptor and the Gi/Go type of GTP binding protein/adenylyl cyclase. Furthermore, the present results suggest that in vitro addition of ethanol may have differential effects on cerebral GABAB receptor systems as compared with those found in the brain of alcohol dependent subjects.","PeriodicalId":7689,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement","volume":"2 ","pages":"193-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19937915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aldehyde dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde metabolism. 醛脱氢酶与乙醛代谢。

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement Pub Date : 1994-01-01

H Weiner, X Wang

引用次数: 0

Mammalian aldehyde dehydrogenases: regulation of gene expression. 哺乳动物醛脱氢酶:基因表达调控。

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement Pub Date : 1994-01-01

R Lindahl

引用次数: 0

Chronic alcoholics have substantial glial pathology in the forebrain and diencephalon. 慢性酗酒者在前脑和间脑有大量的神经胶质病变。

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement Pub Date : 1994-01-01

K M Cullen, G M Halliday

{"title":"Chronic alcoholics have substantial glial pathology in the forebrain and diencephalon.","authors":"K M Cullen, G M Halliday","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"We have analyzed glial changes in forebrain and diencephalic regions in 19 alcoholics with different histories of chronic alcohol consumption and related medical complications including Wernicke's encephalopathy and alcoholic liver disease. Cases with postmortem evidence of hepatic encephalopathy were excluded. Two of the alcoholic patients had ceased drinking for several years prior to death. Brains were obtained postmortem and fixed in formalin. Serial 50 microns sections of the forebrain and diencephalon at 750 microns intervals were stained with standard histochemical stains (haematoxylin and eosin, luxol fast blue, cresyl violet and silver), as well as immunohistochemically for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In control tissue, GFAP-positive astrocytes were intimately associated with ependymal, pial, and vascular surfaces. In alcoholic cases, the morphology of these cells was markedly changed showing enlargement of the cell bodies and beading of the cellular processes. In contrast to controls, GFAP-positive astrocytes were seen within and surrounding clusters of magnocellular neurons in the basal forebrain and hypothalamus. In thiamine-deficient alcoholics, glial scarring in the vicinity of the large branches of the cerebral arteries disrupted the normal forebrain architecture. A patchy loss of GFAP immunostaining was seen in most severe cases. A remarkable number of corpora amylacea also rimmed blood vessels, pial and ependymal surfaces in all alcoholics compared to controls. The beaded fibers were seen in alcoholics drinking at the time of death as well as in those who had ceased drinking alcohol several years prior to death. These results indicate that chronic alcoholics have prominent glial changes which persist despite the cessation of alcohol consumption and are not exclusive to alcoholics with liver pathology.","PeriodicalId":7689,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement","volume":"2 ","pages":"253-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19936432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thiamine utilization in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced brain damage. 硫胺素在酒精性脑损伤发病机制中的应用。

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement Pub Date : 1994-01-01

P R Martin, S R Pekovich, B A McCool, W O Whetsell, C K Singleton

{"title":"Thiamine utilization in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced brain damage.","authors":"P R Martin, S R Pekovich, B A McCool, W O Whetsell, C K Singleton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"There is increasing evidence for the role of thiamine deficiency in ethanol neurotoxicity and in development of alcoholic organic brain disorders other than Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome [WKS] and cerebellar degeneration. Investigations in humans and in animal models have implicated a reduction in the activities of thiamine-utilizing enzymes as the metabolic basis of tissue injury due to thiamine deficiency. We have investigated the interactions of the thiamine-utilizing enzyme transketolase [Tk], derived from human fibroblasts, lymphoblasts, and various brain regions, with its cofactor, thiamine pyrophosphate [TPP], in an attempt to elucidate the molecular basis of selective brain damage in alcoholism-associated thiamine deficiency. There were no significant differences in the isoelectric pattern of Tk among the nine brain regions (white matter and grey matter) examined. However, Tk activity/mg protein, increase in Tk activity with addition of excess TPP (TPP effect), and TPP-dependent rate of formation of active Tk holoenzyme (tau) varied 2.5-, 6-, and 4-fold, respectively, among these brain regions. These differences in tissue requirements for TPP may contribute to the selective vulnerability of certain brain regions to alcoholism-associated thiamine deficiency, and may influence the pattern of clinical impairment in the individual patient.","PeriodicalId":7689,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement","volume":"2 ","pages":"273-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19936435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alcohol and endogenous nitric oxide in hepatic microcirculation. 酒精和内源性一氧化氮在肝脏微循环中的作用。

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement Pub Date : 1994-01-01

M Oshita, Y Takei, S Kawano, T Hijioka, H Fusamoto, T Kamada

引用次数: 0

Experimental study of the reversibility of sinusoidal capillarization. 正弦毛细血管化可逆性的实验研究。

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement Pub Date : 1994-01-01

T Mori, T Okanoue, H Kanaoka, Y Sawa, K Kashima

引用次数: 0

Role of serum interleukin-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the severity of alcoholic hepatitis. 血清白细胞介素-8和细胞间粘附分子-1在酒精性肝炎严重程度中的作用

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement Pub Date : 1994-01-01

K Ishii, S Furudera, R Kumashiro, J Seo, Y Koga, M Sata, K Tanikawa

引用次数: 0

Immunohistochemical study of hepatocellular carcinoma-specific aldehyde dehydrogenase. 肝细胞癌特异性醛脱氢酶的免疫组化研究。

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement Pub Date : 1994-01-01

A Shibuya, A Takeuchi, H Shibata, K Saigenji, A Yoshida

引用次数: 0

A study on ADH2 and ALDH2 genotyping by PCR-RFLP and SSCP analyses with description of allele and genotype frequencies in Japanese, Finn and Lapp populations. 日本、芬兰和拉普人群ADH2和ALDH2基因分型的PCR-RFLP和SSCP分析及等位基因和基因型频率描述

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement Pub Date : 1994-01-01

K Suzuki, A Uchida, Y Mizoi, T Fukunaga

{"title":"A study on ADH2 and ALDH2 genotyping by PCR-RFLP and SSCP analyses with description of allele and genotype frequencies in Japanese, Finn and Lapp populations.","authors":"K Suzuki, A Uchida, Y Mizoi, T Fukunaga","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic polymorphisms of the alcohol dehydrogenase ADH2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH2 genes were investigated in Japanese, Finn, and Lapp populations by using PCR-RFLP and SSCP analyses. The ALDH2 genotypes were unequivocally determined by a PCR-RFLP assay with a mismatched primer. The determination of the ADH2 genotypes, however, was found to be problematic in PCR with the reported oligonucleotide primer sets because there are high homologies among the ADHl, ADH2, and ADH3 gene sequences. The problem of the heterozygote excess in typing results obtained by using the previously reported PCR-RFLP methods was resolved by nested PCR, in which an internal primer set reamplified the ADH2 sequence selectively from a mixture of the ADH gene sequences amplified in the first PCR amplification of genomic DNA samples as templates. A newly designed primer pair with longer sequences and single 3' end mismatches was later found to achieve a predominant amplification of the ADH2 sequence in a single PCR. RFLP and SSCP analyses of PCR products with the new primer set gave results fully consistent with those by nested PCR. Thus, the ADH2 genotypes defined in this study were free from any typing errors. The ADH2 and ALDH2 allele frequencies observed in this study were found not to be biased significantly from those reported previously from Japanese populations, and these were monomorphic for Lapp and Finn populations.","PeriodicalId":7689,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement","volume":"29 1","pages":"21-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20021101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0