Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie最新文献

{"title":"[Immunohistochemistry of the prostate and prostate carcinomas].","authors":"N Wernert","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The immature multilayered epithelium of the prostate glands and ducts reacts positively throughout the fetal period up to puberty for the following antigens: Acid prostate phosphatase (PAP), the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), keratins demonstrated by the broadly reacting keratin antibody \"AE1 + AE3\", keratins from stratum corneum, the keratins 7, 8, 18 and 19, binding sites for the peanut agglutinin (PNA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The expression of PAP and PSA varies and can in individual cases even be nonexistent. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) is not demonstrable until birth. It is found only focally in two thirds of the cases. The prostate stroma proves positive for vimentin as well as desmin. In the prostate glands, vimentin may occur focally. Squamous cell metaplasias in the fetal prostate show positive for all antikeratin antisera as well as PNA and CEA. The epithelium of the ejaculatory ducts and seminal vesicles proves positive for all keratins investigated. Vimentin as well as PNA-binding sites are found on a general basis. The urothelium of the prostate urethra also contains all keratins and, in addition, PNA and CEA. Endocrine cells, positive for serotonin, are sparse in the prostate glands, in the prostatic ducts and in the urothelium. 2. The onset of the androgen effect during puberty leads very probably to the morphological differentiation of the immature glandular epithelium into the two cell types, basal cell and secretory cylindric epithelium which differ with regard to their immunohistochemical behavior. The glands of benign nodular hyperplasia, including special forms, as well as epithelial alterations with nuclear atypia behave immunohistochemically exactly like normal prostate glands. The markers PAP, PSA, CEA, ACT, the keratins 8 and 18 and focally occurring vimentin are expressed exclusively in the secretory epithelium of the prostate glands and ducts, and not in the basal cells. In contrast, antisera against the following antigens stain only the basal cells and basal cell hyperplasia: Keratins from stratum corneum, a common epitope of the keratins 4, 5 and 6 (antibody KA1) and both the estrogen and progesterone receptor. Squamous cell metaplasias behave immunohistochemically like the basal cells. The keratins 7 and 19, desmoplakin, PNA as well as the patients' own blood group antigens are found in both the basal cells and the secretory epithelium. Keratin 7 and the blood group antigens are always only found focally. PNA-binding sites are secreted by the cylindric epithelium. Atrophic glands and the glands in postatrophic hyperplasia share immunohistochemical features with both the basal cells and the secretory epithelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"135 ","pages":"1-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13195386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Malignant lymphoma of the spleen. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of morphology and differential diagnosis].","authors":"S Falk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>450 splenectomy specimens showing involvement by all save a few very infrequently occurring types of malignant lymphomas (ML) recognized by the updated Kiel classification of ML were investigated by conventional histologic and immunohistochemical methods. The results confirm and augment the findings of previous studies and facilitate a comparison of infiltration patterns of different ML in the spleen. These studies in conjunction with immunohistochemical detection of neoplastic cells may thus contribute to the diagnosis of minimal, i.e. early, splenic infiltration by ML and to the differential diagnosis of ML with advanced splenic involvement. Initially, most low grade NHL lead to nodular involvement of the splenic white pulp which may evolve into larger tumor nodules and/or diffuse red pulp involvement by invasion of adjacent red pulp structures. As a rule, the infiltrates are angiotropic, i.e. neoplastic cells accumulate in the vicinity of arterial and venous blood vessels both in the white and in the red pulp. Sinus involvement is frequently associated with leukemic generalisation of the neoplasm. High grade NHL are also localized predominantly in the splenic white pulp. However, their intrasplenic spread is characterized by the formation of large nodular and/or diffuse infiltrates which may efface the splenic architecture. Hodgkin lymphomas (HL), in contrast, cause coalescing tumor nodules which show expansive growth rather than progressive infiltration of the splenic parenchyma. These infiltration patterns of ML in the spleen are a constant finding. In conjunction with cytologic features and immunophenotype of the neoplastic cells they thus constitute reliable criteria for the differential diagnosis of ML in the spleen, although their anatomical and functional basis has not yet been fully elucidated. B and T cell lymphomas initially tend to show selective involvement of the original B and T cell areas of the spleen. Most high grade ML exhibit a similar behavior, although the size of the splenic lesions usually does not permit an exact identification of the ML's primary manifestation in the spleen. They thus exhibit a \"homing phenomenon\" to the two large lymphoid compartments of the spleen which is most conclusively illustrated by the \"organoid\" ML such as CB-CC or T zone lymphoma. This behavior has been interpreted to reflect the histogenesis of the neoplastic cells of the ML under study. In addition, specialised types of accessory cells such as CD35+ FDC and CD1/S100+ IDRC appear to be essential for the creation of conditions which are suitable for B and T lymphocytes, respectively. Progressive infiltration by neoplastic cells will lead to destruction of the normal microenvironment, i.e. alterations of FDC networks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"136 ","pages":"1-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12908733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pathologic anatomy of osteogenesis imperfecta. Light and electron microscopic studies of supportive tissue and skin].","authors":"H Stöss","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterised by an abnormal fragility of the bones, and more or less marked blue sclerae. The mode of inheritance is both autosomal dominant and recessive. Facultatively, dentinogenesis imperfecta, abnormal laxness of joint ligaments, and, in early adulthood, deafness, may also be associated. In numerous cases, dwarfism, which may be very marked, and kyphoscoliosis of varying degrees, may also be found. The presumed cause of OI is a disturbance of collagen metabolism, which is associated with an insufficiency state of the osteoblasts; this leads to inadequate formation of osteoid and bone. The first detailed descriptions of the clinical picture were published by Ekman (1788) and Vrolik (1894). In the meantime, the original classification into OI congenital and OI tarda--with its better prognosis--has proved inadequate. In accordance with its genetic heterogeneity, the variations in the clinical symptomatology and its varying prognosis, the condition is, today, divided into four types in accordance with a proposal made by Sillence et al. (1979). The treatment of the genetically determined connective and supporting tissue disease, OI, presents something of a problem. Among the attempts at conservative therapy, treatment with the flavonoid, (+)-catechine, has so far provided the best results. Surgically, pronounced bowing of the tubular bones should be treated by the use of telescopic nails, with the aim of correcting and stabilising them. The diagnosis of OI, as also the differential diagnosis vis-a-vis other osteopenias, has to date been established almost exclusively on the basis of clinical and radiological findings. Differential-diagnostically, juvenile idiopathic osteoporosis, numerous to date unclassifiable osteopenias, and the lethal type II OI, must be distinguished. The aim of this investigation was to establish the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of OI on the basis of light- and electron-microscopic examinations of the supporting tissues. Further, an attempt was made to relate corresponding pathomorphological findings to the clinically different types of OI, and, in forms of OI with a particular course, with so-called hyperplastic callus formation or an increased tendency to develop pseudoarthrosis, to find morphological equivalents. In addition, tissue changes were investigated prior to and during treatment with catechine. Additional investigations of skin biopsies were performed with the aim of correlating morphological findings with the biochemical changes of collagen metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"134 ","pages":"1-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13534205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral and autoimmune hepatitis. Morphologic and pathogenetic aspects of cell damage in hepatitis with potential chronicity.","authors":"H P Dienes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An extensive and detailed differential presentation of light and electron microscopic aspects of the various types of hepatitis B, non-A, non-B, and autoimmune hepatitis which is of equal practical and diagnostic importance for both clinicians and pathologists, remains to be written. Nowadays, hepatitis A, occurring only as an acute disease, can be diagnosed reliably by means of serological test making liver biopsy in these patients obsolete. The group of patients with hepatitis B, non-A, non-B, and autoimmune type are investigated by light and electron microscopy under the following aspects: - Are there special morphologies of the different groups? - Are the morphologic changes of a nature to provide conclusions concerning the mechanisms of cell and tissue injury? The following, more detailed questions may be added: - Can the assumption that the non-A, non-B agents induce direct cytopathic cell injury (brought forward in the literature) be confirmed by further investigations? - Does the pattern of injury in hepatitis B indicate an immune mediated pathway of cell lesion, as inferred by clinical observations and in vitro investigations? - Is there a correlation between the partially elucidated effector mechanisms in autoimmune hepatitis and histopathologic patterns? One of our comparison groups was made up of normal subjects. As paradigm of a virus induced cytopathic hepatitis, on the other hand, HSV infected mice were investigated by light microscopy and electron microscopy. With the help of immunohistologic and immunoelectron microscopic techniques an in situ characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate was attempted. Hepatitis B. The histopathologic pattern of hepatitis B in our biopsies is characterized by a more ore less dense lymphocytic infiltrate of portal tracts and lobules with a simultaneous polymorphism of hepatocytes. A centrilobular localization of the lymphocytic infiltrates and liver cell damage in many cases is obvious. The lymphocytes are frequently found in close contact with liver cells exhibiting emperipolesis. Ground glass hepatocytes, pathognomonic for hepatitis B, were present in about half of the cases with chronic hepatitis. Non-A, non-B hepatitis. Light microscopic analysis of the cases with non-A, non-B hepatitis exhibits a heterogeneous picture; on account of the known epidemiologic and experimental studies as well as of the clinical data, this was not unexpected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"132 ","pages":"1-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13669081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Nephroblastomas (Wilms' tumors) and special variations of nephroblastomas].","authors":"D Schmidt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The results of the National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) enabled the subdivision of nephroblastomas into subtypes with \"favorable and unfavorable histology\". Nephroblastomas with \"unfavorable histology\" could be discriminated by identifying those tumors not responding to therapeutic regimes proven successful for most cases with \"favorable histology\". A major disadvantage of the NWTS classification has been the exclusion of cytodifferentiated nephroblastoma variants, which, in contrast to typical nephroblastomas, can be cured by complete nephrectomy with wide excision of perinephric soft tissue. In the current study all types of nephroblastoma and nephroblastoma variants were included to encompass the whole morphological spectrum which these tumors may assume. This unselected material is necessary to define the relation between morphology and prognosis and to compare the treatment results of various clinical trials. Three hundred and four cases of nephroblastoma and related neoplasms on file at the Pediatric Tumor Registry, Kiel, were investigated by conventional light microscopy, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and DNA-flow cytometry. Of the \"typical\" nephroblastomas 50% occurred in the left kidney, 45% in the right kidney, and 5% were bilateral. Five cases were located in extrarenal sites. There were 121 males and 114 females. The peak incidence was noted in the third year of life. Of 135 patients 111 are alive and well, nine are living with disease, and 10 patients have died of disease. The blastemal predominant and stromal predominant types in our study were more frequent than in the NWTS. By contrast, the mixed and epithelial predominant types were more frequent in the NWTS. Patients with nephroblastomas of mixed or blastemal predominant type were older than those with epithelial predominant or stromal predominant type. Electron microscopy showed that nephroblastoma is derived from metanephric blastema. Blastemal cells are capable of differentiating into tubular epithelial cells and stromal cells. Undifferentiated blastemal cells contain exclusively vimentin intermediate filaments, better differentiated blastemal cells vimentin and cytokeratin, and stromal cells exclusively vimentin. Preoperative radio- and/or chemotherapy led to a marked reduction of undifferentiated blastema and poorly differentiated tubules, whereas better differentiated tubules, striated muscle, hyaline cartilage, cells with anaplastic and sarcomatous elements were not affected. Thus, identification of highly malignant nephroblastomas with anaplasia and sarcomatous renal tumors was even possible after preoperative treatment. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN; n = 17) is a low-grade malignant, cytodifferentiated nephroblastoma which very rarely occurs beyond the fourth month of life and has an excellent prognosis, provided it has been completely resected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"133 ","pages":"1-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13700954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Phenotypic analysis of human T-cell lymphoma with reference to cell differentiation and morphological classification].","authors":"A C Feller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recognition of the dichotomy of the immune system was a first step in differentiating between a humoral and cellular immune response. This distinction was to be of fundamental importance in the subsequent demonstration of distinct compartments in the lymphatic cell system. Animal studies and investigations on humans with congenital immune defects soon made it possible to differentiate between functionally different cell compartments in lymphatic tissue even on morphological grounds. This formed the basis for the subdivision of lymphatic tissue into B- and T-cell areas. A multiplicity of morphologically highly varied lymphatic neoplasias confronted this clear division. In principle, there are two possible explanations for the morphological and immunological heterogeneity of neoplasias: 1. The variety of lymphatic neoplasias is an expression of a dedifferentiation of cells in which neither the morphological picture nor the immunological properties of the stem cells are expressed. 2. Lymphatic neoplasias represent stages of \"arrested\" differentiation in the normal cell development. The present study attempts to demonstrate the distribution and development of normal T lymphocytes by analysis of their morphology and antigen constellation. The knowledge thus gained should then make it possible to define the neoplasias of the T-cell system. Thirty-six monoclonal antibodies were employed in addition to standard enzyme-histochemical methods for demonstration of cell antigens; some of the monoclonal antibodies were developed especially for this purpose. The study included normal tissue and samples from 148 lymphomas and leukemias of the T-cell system. Subdivision of the various entities was based on morphology, which enabled us to make a direct distinction between the morphologically defined entity and its corresponding phenotype. These phenotypic analyses of malignant T-cell lymphomas were conducted in pursuit of 3 basic goals: 1. To catch T-cell neoplasias in the full variety of their phenotypical spectrum by using assorted T-cell properties. 2. To bring these varied entities into a sequence corresponding to normal cell differentiation by correlating the neoplasias to normal cell compartments. 3. To determine the extent to which neoplastic equivalents exist for normal T cells with varied phenotypes and/or functional properties. A clear morphological subdivision of the T-cell neoplasias is already possible: 1. lymphoblastic lymphomas and leukemias; 2. peripheral or mature cell T-cell lymphomas. The lymphoblastic lymphomas and leukemias have until now been characterized primarily according to their positivity for the enzyme TdT. The T-lymphoblastic lymphomas and leukemias we analysed phenotypically shared the constant features of CD7 antigen expression, whereas other T-cell features showed a clear variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"131 ","pages":"1-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13834912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pathological and clinical features of malignant thyroid tumors: classification, immunohistology, prognostic criteria].","authors":"S Schröder","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a retrospective analysis of 433 surgical specimens of malignant thyroid tumours, the prognostic efficiency of different morphological methods (conventional light microscopy, immunohistology, cytophotometric and flow cytometric DNA-estimations) was demonstrated. The clinical behaviour of the different forms of thyroid malignancy was predominantly determined by the histological type of neoplasia. High global values of significance were obtained when comparing the prognoses of follicular, papillary, medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas as classified by the WHO. Their respective estimated survival curves are shown in Figure 37. As compared with the remaining thyroid carcinomas, papillary neoplasm altogether showed the significantly best long-term prognosis (p less than 0.001). Almost identical survival rates were recorded for patients with follicular and medullary carcinomas, which lay intermediate between the more favourable papillary and the in all cases fatal anaplastic tumours. Differences between these groups each time proved to be statistically significant (p less than 0.001). In addition, large differences also existed regarding the mode of tumour propagation for these carcinomas: papillary tumours usually showed lymphatic metastases while follicular carcinomas showed haematogenous spread. In contrast to the other types of carcinomas, medullary tumours frequently exhibited a prolonged clinical course. In the latter case, local recurrences were the most frequent cause of death, while patients with follicular carcinomas primarily died of distant blood-borne metastases. For the differentiated thyroid carcinomas the estimation of prognosis was improved by sub-typing the neoplasias according to their mode of growth. Encapsulated and occult papillary carcinomas and the majority of encapsulated follicular carcinomas showed an excellent biological behaviour. They should not be confused with the respective widely invasive tumours of follicular and papillary type and accordingly less aggressive surgical treatment should be employed. In addition, presence of oxyphilic cytodifferentiation was prognostically relevant among follicular and papillary carcinomas. The worse survival rate for such tumours could partly be explained by the lack of radioiodine uptake, this being caused by special ultrastructural features typical for these tumours. In contrast, the evidence of clear-cell differentiation was rather of differential diagnostic (in typing of metastatic renal cell carcinomas) than of prognostic value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"130 ","pages":"1-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14342487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Intermediate filament proteins as markers in tumor diagnosis].","authors":"M Altmannsberger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classification of tumors is based on histogenesis and on determination of malignancy. In well differentiated neoplasias the tumor tissue reveals a similar morphological pattern similar to that of the normal tissue from which they have originated. In contrast less differentiated neoplasias do not show such similarities to normal tissue in conventional stains and special procedures such as electron microscopy or immunohistology have to be performed in order to detect cell specific products. In many undifferentiated tumors this is not possible because loss of differentiation and organisation in tumor cells do not allow the production of cell specific substances. A new possibility for determining the histogenesis of tumors is the use of antibodies which are specific for one type of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filaments are structures, which together with microtubules and microfilaments form the cytoskeleton. Intermediate filaments are composed of different polypeptides, which show a cell type specificity. Keratins are the intermediate filaments characteristically found in keratinizing and nonkeratinizing epithelia. Desmin is the specific intermediate filament type of sarcomeric, visceral and some type of vascular smooth muscle tissue. Vimentin filaments are characteristic of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, chondrocytes and most but not all lymphatic cells and the only intermediate filament type present in these cells. Neurofilaments are composed of three different polypeptides, which form the so called neurofilament triplet and are characteristically found in central and peripheral neurons. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) forms the intermediate filament system of normal and reactive astrocytes and also some ependymal cells contain GFAP. Thus cells and tissues can be divided into five different types by the use of appropriate polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. In the current study we were interested to determine with a large number of specimens, whether primary tumors or metastases continue to express the intermediate type characteristic of the normal tissue. The following results demonstrate, there is abundant evidence that intermediate filaments can be used as cell type specific markers both for normal tissue and for tumors. 1. To exclude wrong negative results by intermediate filament typing, a reliable detection of intermediate filaments should be performed on cryostat sections or on material, which has been recently ethanol fixed and paraffin embedded. With many antibodies fixation of the tissue in formalin results in a decrease of reactivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"127 ","pages":"1-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14468582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Morphology and function of the human spleen. Enzyme histochemical and electron microscopy studies of the splenic lymphatic vessels, nerves and connective tissue structures].","authors":"U Heusermann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many questions concerning the morphology of the spleen have been cleared up in the last 20 years by the application of new methods of investigation, especially electron microscopy and enzyme histochemistry. With but a few exceptions, however, only the splenic parenchyma (the red and white pulp) were studied. Such special structures of the human spleen as nerves, lymphatic vessels and their supporting tissue, which may play an important role in the coordination and integration of the different functions of the white pulp (secondary lymphatic organ) and the red pulp (blood filter), were hardly ever studied with modern techniques. Investigating these structures light and electron microscopically and enzyme histochemically it was attempted to complete our present knowledge of the histology of the human spleen. In addition, by comparing the study of special altered spleens with experimental data it was attempted to clarify the importance of these structures for the physiology and pathology of the spleen. A total of 151 normal and pathologically altered spleens from the bioptic and autopsy material of the Pathological Institute of the University of Kiel were examined. In addition to conventional light microscopy the spleens were investigated enzyme histochemically and cytochemically, fluorescence microscopically and electron microscopically. The following enzyme reactions were done: Alkaline and acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthylacetate-esterase, naphthol-AS-acetate-esterase, 5'-nucleotidase, ATPase, and acetylcholinesterase. The various enzyme reactions were sometimes done in combination and reticulum and collagenous fibers were investigated by a subsequent staining of argyrophilic fibers. The fine localization of the 5'-nucleotidase activity was studied ultrahistochemically. Adrenergic nerve fibers were investigated fluorescence microscopically using the glyoxylic acid method.</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"129 ","pages":"1-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14183999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Reflux nephropathy. Pathologic anatomy, differential diagnosis and etiopathogenesis].","authors":"H G Laberke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"128 ","pages":"1-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14750511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}