Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie最新文献

{"title":"[Clinical aspects, differential diagnosis and histogenesis of heterotopic ossification].","authors":"A Bosse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investigations regarding proliferation behaviour, histogenesis and bone transformation were carried out on soft tissue samples with 133 heterotopic ossifications (HO), collected from the surgical material of the Institute of Pathology, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil, using methods of conventional histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and molecular biology, yielding the following results: 1. There is only a limited pathognomonic growth pattern for the variant of non-traumatic heterotopic ossification. Basically, the ossification foci may be divided into central, intermediate and peripheral zones. Expression intensities of the proliferation markers PCNA and MIB-1 show the proliferation behaviour in peripheral areas of osteogenesis to be similar to that found in autonomous osseous neoplasias. The phenotypical picture of zonal architecture found in HO can be seen by the simultaneous demonstration of variable image sequences of multifocally arising ectopic formations of new bone with varying degrees of maturation. 2. Vascular endothelium and pericytes are integrated into the formal histogenesis of heterotopic ossification and belong to osteoprogenitor cells as \"stem cells\" of heterotopic ossification. 3. The histochemically established expression pattern of alkaline phosphatasis is in good correlation with the degree of activity of the step-by-step development of heterotopic ossification. The intracellular demonstration of alkaline phosphatasis is an indicator for the transformation towards an osteogenic direction. In HO, the enzyme is a major characteristic of osteoprogenitor cells. 4. According to our immunohistochemical results, the proteoglycanes Decorin and PG 100-osteogenic matrix proteins-show a phase-like expression and are involved in osteoneogenesis. They are predominantly found in the area of mineralization. The proteoglycane 100 experiences a \"modulation\" and can be demonstrated almost selectively in osteoclasts in advanced stages of osteodevelopment. 5. Using in situ hybridization-with digoxigenin labeled cDNA probes- and a propidium iodide counterstaining a co-expression of collagene types I, II and III-mRNA could be demonstrated in samples of ossification. The expression pattern is similar to the collagen expression I. in early phases of embryonal bone development II. with callus proliferation and shows III. also similarities to chondral neoplasias. The results underline the reactive-neoplastic character of heterotopic ossification. 6. TGF-beta 1 mRNA shows a polytopic expression pattern with accumulation in areas of osteogenesis. TGF-beta 1 was found mostly in cartilage cells of heterotopic ossifications, as were collagene types I (alpha 1) and III (alpha 1) mRNAs. In sum, our in situ hybridization results underline the central part of cartilage cells in the ossification process in ectopic osteoneogenesis. This is also indicated by a phenotypical alteration of collagen expression a","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"146 ","pages":"1-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20072312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analyses of the rearrangement of T-cell receptor- and immunoglobulin genes in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders].","authors":"D H Griesser","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rearrangements are developmentally regulated genetic recombinations in T and B cells which generate functional T cell receptor (TcR) and immunoglobulin genes, respectively. Different variable, sometimes diversity, and joining gene segments which are discontinuously spread out within their chromosomal location in germline configuration, are randomly assembled in individual lymphocytes. These rearrangements can be detected by Southern Blot analysis if more than 5% of a total lymphocyte population in a biopsy specimen carries the same clonal rearrangement. We analyzed DNA from 324 snap-frozen biopsy specimens from lympho-proliferative disorders. None of the 20 reactive lesions and four malignant myelomonocytic tumors had a clonal antigen receptor gene rearrangement. All 117 malignant B cell lymphomas of different subtypes and 95 of 97 malignant T cell lymphomas showed a clonal gene rearrangement. Only two angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy(AILD)-type T cell lymphomas did not have immune receptor gene rearrangements. They were morphologically indistinguishable from the other 47 T/AILD lymphomas with clonal rearrangement patterns. In most cases TcR beta and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene probes were sufficient for lineage assignment of the clonal T or B lymphocyte population. In 18% of B lymphomas, however, a cross-lineage rearrangement of TcR beta genes, and in 20% of the T cell lymphomas a clonal IgH gene rearrangement was detected. After exclusion of centrocytic, large cell anaplastic lymphomas (LCAL) of B-type, and T/AILD lymphomas which are overrepresented in our study, only 10% of the remaining 147 T and B cell lymphomas had aberrant rearrangements. TcR rearrangements other than those of the beta chain genes were extremely rare in B cell lymphomas, as were Ig kappa rearrangements in T lymphomas. Only two T/AILD lymphomas had IgH and Ig kappa rearrangement in addition to their clonal T cell receptor gene rearrangements. Both samples likely contain a clonal B and a clonal T cell proliferation in the same tumor. In other cases with cross-lineage rearrangements additional investigations with probes for the TcR gamma and Ig kappa genes readily assigned the lymphoproliferations to their proper lineage. Exceptions were two CD30 positive high-grade malignant B cell lymphomas, one medium-sized pleomorphic T lymphoma, and one T/AILD lymphoma. Taken together, 207 of 214 lymphoproliferative disorders (97%) could be assigned to T or B lineage by genotyping alone. In most of the other cases lineage assignment was successful if the immunohistochemical results were considered as well. In two cases was no lineage assignment possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"144 ","pages":"1-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18853484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Morphology of basement membrane and associated matrix proteins in normal and pathological tissues].","authors":"A Nerlich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basement membranes (BM) are specialized structures of the extracellular matrix. Their composition is of particular importance for the maintenance of normal morphological and functional properties of a multitude of organs and tissue systems and it is thus required for regular homeostasis of body function. Generally, they possess three main functions, i.e. participation in the maintenance of tissue structure, control of fluid and substrate exchange, and regulation of cell growth and differentiation. BMs are made up by various components which are in part specifically localized within the BM zone, or which represent ubiquitous matrix constituents with specific quantitative and/or qualitative differences in their localization. On the basis of a thorough immunohistochemical analysis of normal and diseased tissues, we provide here a concept of \"functional morphology/pathomorphology\" of the different BM components analyzed: 1.) The ubiquitous BM-constituent collagen IV primarily stabilizes the BM-zone and thus represents the \"backbone\" of the BM providing mechanical strength. Its loss leads to cystic tissue transformation as it is evidenced from the analysis of polycystic nephropathies. Thus, in other cystic tissue transformations a similar formal pathogenesis may be present. 2.) The specific localization of collagen VII as the main structural component of anchoring fibrils underlines the mechanical anchoring function of this collagenous protein. Defects in this protein lead to hereditary epidermolysis. The rapid re-occurrence of epidermal collagen VII during normal human wound healing indicates a quick reconstitution of the mechanical tensile strength of healing wounds. 3.) The BM-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG, Perlecan) with its highly negative anionic charge can be assumed to exert filter control. This assumption is corroborated by the localizatory findings of a preferential deposition of HSPG in endothelial and particularly in glomerular BM. Similarly, the lack of HSPG in the BM of lymph capillaries can be regarded as the correlate for a free fluid influx into lymphatic capillaries. The relative reduction in HSPG-staining in the developing glomerular BM also explains the still immature filter function. Furthermore, the low content of HSPG in placental chorionic capillaries can be regarded as morphological correlate for the required free fluid exchange between maternal and fetal blood systems. In diabetic glomerulopathy, the loss of HSPG coincides with a reduced filter function providing further support for the function of the HSPG. In further analyses of diabetic glomerulopathy, we provide evidence for an extensive matrix dysregulation resulting in either the overexpression of certain BM-components (diffuse glomerulosclerosis) or microfibrillar collagen VI (nodular glomerulosclerosis) indicating changes in cell function and possibly also cellular \"differentiation\". The analysis of congenital nephropathies additionally indicates t","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"145 ","pages":"1-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19615686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sinus lining cells. Immune accessory cells of lymph node sinuses].","authors":"H H Wacker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"143 ","pages":"1-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19078389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Histopathology and molecular pathology of chronic myeloproliferative disorders].","authors":"H H Kreipe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) can encounter difficulties due to overlaps and possible transitions between the different entities and their similarity to reactive myeloproliferations. In this study DNA analysis has been applied to improve differentiation of CMPD. All subtypes of CMPD analyzed, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM), polycythemia vera (PV), and essential thrombocythemia (ET), had in common that granulocytes and bone marrow cells were clonal in origin as shown by X-chromosome-linked DNA polymorphism in conjunction with methylation patterns. Reactive myeloproliferations, by contrast, revealed a polyclonal inactivation pattern. Clonality could not distinguish CMPD from cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) since the latter also exhibited clonal hematopoiesis. AMM belongs to the group of myeloproliferative syndromes. Up to now the cellular phase at onset of the disease (megakaryocytic myelosis) has not been analyzed for clonality of the hematopoietic cells. Granulocytes as well as bone marrow cells from the cellular phase and advanced stages of the disease revealed a monoclonal inactivation pattern of X-chromosomal genes. These results show that the cellular phase already represents a monoclonal, and hence probably a neoplastic, proliferation of a pluripotent stem cell. The monoclonality of granulocytes could also be demonstrated in patients with splenomegaly and strongly argues against a compensatory proliferation of regular hematopoiesis in this organ. Because of their clonal origin, peripheral granulocytes were used in all cases (n = 244) for the detection of bcr-gene rearrangement. Despite possible morphological overlaps between different types of CMPD, bcr-gene rearrangement proved to be specific for CML and could be applied to differentiate CML from other CMPD in cases of uncertain morphological diagnosis. It is concluded that CMPD represent clonal hemopoietic disorders that probably have specific underlying genetic defects. Thus, DNA analysis can substantially aid in the differential diagnosis of CMPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"141 ","pages":"1-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19359057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Carcinoma and oncocytoma of the kidney. Phenotypic characteristics and prognostic features].","authors":"S Störkel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present investigation is based on the morphological analysis of 1224 renal cell carcinomas and 68 renal oncocytomas from the kidney tumor registry of the Institute of Pathology, University of Mainz. The subclassification of epithelial renal cell tumors in 5 basic types (i.e. clear cell type, chromophilic type, chromophobic type, oncocytic type and duct Bellini type) as proposed by Thoenes and coworkers (1986) was taken as the basis for a systematical study. It refers especially to ultrastructural aspects and antigen profiles of the tumor cells established immunohistologically in relation to the nephron/collecting duct epithelia. Thus, the study focuses on problems of phenotypia and histogenesis. Finally, morphological parameters of prognosis in renal cell carcinomas are taken into account as well. I. Ultrastructural analysis provides further knowledge of the morphological differences between the various basic cell types of epithelial renal tumors. Structural similarities are presented between the basic cell types of clear cell and chromophilic renal cell carcinomas and cells of the proximal tubules, on the one hand, and the basic cell types of the chromophobic renal cell carcinomas, duct Bellini carcinomas as well as oncocytomas and cells of the collecting duct, on the other hand. This can sometimes be traced back to the single cell level (chromophobic renal cell carcinomas: intercalated cell type B). The results of the freeze fracture analysis confirm this view and, for the first time, morphologically prove molecular anomalies of the oncocytic mitochondria membrane. Initial tumor development can be observed for the chromophilic renal cell carcinoma, the duct Bellini carcinoma, as well as the renal oncocytoma and chromophobic renal cell carcinoma. This development demonstrates the relationship these tumor types have to well-defined segments of the nephron/collecting duct (i.e. proximal tubule, medullary and cortical collecting duct). II. The immunohistological analysis demonstrates characteristic antigen profiles of every renal tubule segment and of every epithelial renal tumor type which can be used for differential diagnosis purposes. Two tumor groups with different morphological phenotypes can be identified. The first group (clear cell and chromophilic renal cell carcinomas) mostly presents antigens of the proximal tubule, while the second group (chromophobic renal cell carcinomas, duct Bellini carcinomas, oncocytomas) mostly expresses antigens of the collecting duct. In the case of the renal oncocytomas, for example, the expression of the band 3 antigen exhibits a relationship to the single cell level (i.e. the intercalated cells type A).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"140 ","pages":"1-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19419278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cytokeratins as markers of differentiation. Expression profiles in epithelia and epithelial tumors].","authors":"R Moll","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intermediate filaments (IFs; diameter, about 10 nm) are cytoplasmic cytoskeletal structures found in most vertebrate cells. Their protein subunits comprise a large multi-gene family of related proteins, which make it possible to divide IFs into seven separate classes whose expression is cell-type-dependent. The most important IF classes are cytokeratin (CK) filaments (epithelial cells), vimentin filaments (mesenchymal cells), desmin filaments (muscle cells), glial filaments (astrocytes), and neurofilaments (nerve cells). As the specificity of expression of IF proteins is retained in malignant tumors, they are suitable as histological markers of differentiation (tumor markers). The protein subunits of the epithelial CK filaments are unusually diverse, and within the various types of epithelia, their expression is differentiation specific. Until recently, the catalog of human CKs comprised 19 related, yet distinct polypeptides (CKs 1-19; Moll et al., 1982a); CK 20 can now be added to this list. On the basis of sequence relationships, two CK subfamilies can be delineated (CKs 9-20 = type I; CKs 1-8 = type II). Any given epithelial cell exhibits a characteristic, differentiation-dependent combination of two or more CK polypeptides, with type-I and -II polypeptides always occurring in stoichiometric amounts (i.e., as \"pairs\"), because the basic structural unit of the CK filaments is a heterotypical tetramer complex. On the basis of their main tissue distribution patterns, it is possible further to subdivide these polypeptides into CKs typical of stratified squamous epithelia (CKs 1-6, 9-17) and those typical of simple columnar epithelia (CKs 7, 8, 18-20); these CKs exhibit differential expression patterns in the various types of squamous and columnar epithelia. The actual characterization of the novel CK 20 as a CK initially proved to be rather difficult, as this cytoskeletal protein, which can be biochemically isolated from cells of the intestinal epithelium (M(r) 46,000; previously called \"IT protein\"), exhibits no reaction with numerous well-known CK antibodies in Western blots. However, a series of other characteristics typical of CKs could be demonstrated. Thus, IT protein was found, in vitro (nitrocellulose-blot binding test, native gel electrophoresis), to for heterotypical complexes with the type-II CK 8, and these complexes were able to reconstitute themselves into typical IFs in vitro. Chymotrypsin-cleaving experiments revealed the presence of a resistant core fragment (M(r) 38,000), indicating a alpha-helical \"coiled-coil\" conformation typical of IFs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"142 ","pages":"1-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18511672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Nucleolus organizer regions in pathomorphologic tumor diagnosis].","authors":"J Rüschoff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morphology and biological behaviour of tumours are closely related to each other and are the main objects of diagnostic tumour pathology. Anaplasia, for example, a well-known cytomorphological criterion of malignancy, is however only an indirect sign of impaired cellular growth control mechanisms. Nowadays, it is a goal of cancer research to investigate these regulatory processes in order to elucidate new diagnostic criteria of malignancy. Silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) basically meets this new concept. NORs (rDNA) encode for ribosomal RNA and are thus of central importance for the protein synthesis of a cell. Silver stains NOR associated proteins and indicates activated rDNA. Therefore, AgNOR staining covers the proliferative potential of a given cell or a tumour respectively. A prerequisite of reliable application of the AgNOR method to diagnostic tumour pathology is standardization of the technique, which should be based upon scientific results obtained by basic research. Accordingly, in interphasic cells AgNORs are primarily substructures of nucleoli corresponding to the fibrillar centers at the ultrastructural level. This has been shown to be an important criterion to determine the quality of the silver staining reaction. Most artifacts result from inadequate tissue preservation (fixation), unspecific argyrophilic structures and the staining procedure itself. They should either be excluded or--when ever possible--controlled by a proper staining technique, i.e. adjustment to the stainability of every individual specimen. In this respect, digital image analysis proved to be a useful tool. The mean size of AgNORs in small lymphocytes of the same tissue sample is an equivalent of the argyrophilia of a given histological and cytological specimen (internal staining standard). By use of such a standardized staining technique a high diagnostic accuracy is achieved. The proliferative potential of a cell or a tumour can be determined by number, size, staining intensity and distribution of the silver stained dots. In histological tissue sections the quotient of the mean number of AgNORs/cell and the mean area of one AgNOR dot/cell has been shown to be a very sensitive diagnostic parameter. In cytological specimens determination of the total silver stained area per cell is superior to counting of AgNORs simply by eye. Normal and malignant tissue can reliably be discriminated by these morphometric values. In addition, the malignancy potential of the different preneoplastic lesions, e.g. of the urinary bladder, can precisely be described. Flat urothelial lesions with moderate cytological atypia (D2) exhibit AgNOR values in the range of well differentiated papillary carcinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"139 ","pages":"1-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12585421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Asbestos, fibrosis, cancer. Animal experiments and occupational diseases].","authors":"J Friemann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"137 ","pages":"1-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12734973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Human mammary carcinoma. A model for the relationship between tumor proliferation, tumor-associate macrophages, and prognostic factors].","authors":"H Müller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As compared with the lymphatic system, the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) represents the older defense system in the course of evolution. Organisms with defective or with no lymphocytic function are able to live for a certain time while metazoa cannot develop and exist without cells capable of phagocytosis. It is known that up to 80% of the mass of malignant experimental tumors may consist of macrophages. The biological relevance of these tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), however, is contested to date. Besides well-known tasks in specific and non-specific defense, the cells of the MPS possess nutritive functions. The different functions of TAM have been essentially examined in animal experiments in vivo and in vitro up to now. These studies have shown, e.g., that TAM of different phenotypes to some extent are assigned to different functions and that each tumor or tumor cell line has a specific TAM pattern. The available number of monoclonal antibodies (MAB) able to recognize different groups of human macrophages has only increased in the recent past. This also provided evidence of the phenotypic heterogeneity of macrophages in the human system. On the other hand, there is little knowledge to date of the possible biological cause of the presence of numerous macrophages also in the stroma of malignant tumors in man and on the functional relevance of particular macrophage phenotypes. In the present studies, the phenotypic pattern of tumor-associated cells was examined by immunohistochemistry in the model of human mammary carcinoma, using 18 monoclonal antibodies (Ki-M1-8, Leu-M1-3, Leu-M5, EBM11, CD1, anti-transferrin receptor [TFR], anti-MHC I, anti-MHC II or anti HLA-DR) and one polyclonal antibody (anti protein-S100). The first part of the study contains a semiquantitative evaluation of 216 cases of mammary carcinoma. The analytical results are correlated with established prognostic factors available in the case of malignant tumors in general and in that of mammary carcinomas in particular (age, menopausal status of patients, axillary lymph node and estrogen/progesterone receptor status, size of tumor, tumor type according to WHO, degree of malignancy according to histopathological and nuclear grading). As tumor parameters of absolute biological relevance, proliferating activity (Ki67) and MHC phenotype of tumor cells and amount or types of tumor-associated lymphocytes (TAL) are examined in order to analyze their correlation with prognostic factors and their importance in the tumor-macrophage system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":76795,"journal":{"name":"Veroffentlichungen aus der Pathologie","volume":"138 ","pages":"1-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12496947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}